Effect of Copper on Growth of Yeast

The effect of copper was tested on the growth of many strains of yeast. Plate culture on density gradient agar of copper was used for estimating the growth response to copper. Growth in many strains was more strongly inhibited by the copper-aquo complex than by the copper-amino acid complex. Debaryomyces hansenii IFO 023 was found a suitable strain for the present study, because it was not resistant, not producing H₂S, and copper absorption by this strain was similar to that of the resistant strain. Growth of yeast cells in medium containing copper was affected by pH and concentration of amino acid in medium. Absorption of copper into intact cells was almost saturated for the initial few minutes. It was also affected by the addition of amino acid to copper solution. Our results indicated that the growth response of yeast to copper was closely related to copper absorption into cells. About 60 percent of copper absorbed into cells was distributed in the soluble fraction of the cell homogenate which was obtained by centrifugation at 105,000 g for 60 min.     

112株志贺菌菌群分布和药敏特点分析

目的研究本地区2001年至2005年志贺菌菌群分布及其药敏特点,以指导临床合理抗菌治疗。方法经大便培养筛选志贺菌,用生化和血清学方法鉴定菌群和血清型,采用K-B法检测病原菌耐药性。结果在112例细菌性痢疾患者中,男女比例相似,年龄分布以婴幼儿最高,临床表现不典型者较多,菌群分布以福氏志贺菌最多,F2b为优势血清型,对抗菌药物敏感性差异有显著性。结论近5年来本地区细菌性痢疾患者发病特点有年龄差异,菌群仍以福氏志贺菌为主,血清型以F2b为主,第3代头孢菌素是治疗细菌性痢疾最佳的抗菌药物。     

猕猴桃实生苗再生体系的建立

以成熟饱满的美味猕猴桃种子发芽获得实生苗,分别以实生苗的茎段、叶柄和叶片为材料建立了再生体系。结果表明:种子以2.5mg/L的赤霉素(GA3)处理8h较适合;以培养基发芽较为适合;茎段、叶柄和叶片的愈伤组织的诱导率均为100%,且茎段、叶柄比叶片容易脱分化,但叶片的平均出苗率最高。再生苗在移栽5d后,开始长出新叶,10d后就能完全适应外界环境。     

脱水方法对棕榈种子萌发及膜脂过氧化的影响

以棕榈种子为材料,比较了硅胶脱水和自然脱水方法下种子萌发特征和膜脂过氧化程度。结果表明:棕榈种子的初始含水量为33.1%,萌发率为83.3%;当硅胶脱水至含水量21.2%时萌发率为80.0%,而自然脱水至23.2%时萌发率仅为56.7%;当含水量降至10%左右时,硅胶脱水萌发率为27.7%,而自然脱水的萌发率为26.7%。在脱水过程中,2种脱水处理种子的浸出液电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量都呈升高趋势,但自然脱水种子浸出液电导率升高的速率较硅胶脱水快,而MDA含量在硅胶脱水下增加较大。硅胶脱水处理种胚中脯氨酸含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均较自然脱水高,但2种脱水处理种子整体均呈先增加再下降的趋势。研究发现,棕榈种子为中间型种子,其在脱水初期对自然脱水较敏感,而脱水后期脱水速率对其生活力影响较小;棕榈种子对硅胶脱水的脱水敏感较自然性脱水要低,硅胶脱水有利于改善棕榈种子的贮藏寿命。     

猪圆环病毒2型病毒样颗粒的高效组装技术研究*

目的:探索猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)病毒样颗粒(VLPs)的高效组装技术,提高VLPs的稳定性。方法:利用大肠杆菌表达PCV2 Cap蛋白自组装为VLPs,分析不同离子强度下VLPs的稳定性。利用切向流技术添加尿素,降低pH,可使VLPs解组装,利用硫酸铵分级沉淀、阴离子交换层析纯化获得Cap蛋白,去除尿素,提高离子强度和pH,实现VLPs的高效再组装。结果:PCV2 Cap蛋白自组装VLPs在150mmol/L NaCl下稳定性较差,而在500mmol/L NaCl下可提高VLPs的稳定性,但仍较易发生聚集,核酸含量均较高。在150mmol/L NaCl、300mmol/L尿素和pH 5.5的缓冲体系条件下,能够使VLPs解组装。经25%~50%饱和硫酸铵(V/V)分级沉淀粗纯,阴离子交换层析500mmol/L NaCl下洗脱获得精纯Cap蛋白,蛋白质纯度≥95%,并能够有效去除核酸。通过切向流技术去除体系中的尿素,并将NaCl浓度提高至1mol/L、pH提高至8.0,改变蛋白质表面静电荷分布,实现VLPs的高效、均一再组装,组装效率≥99%,回收率为65.85%,并明显提高VLPs的稳定性,能够稳定保存6个月以上。结论:利用硫酸铵分级沉淀、阴离子交换层析纯化获得Cap蛋白,去除尿素,提高离子强度和pH,实现VLPs的高效再组装。     

环孢菌素A结晶工艺的优化

为了确定环孢菌素A结晶工艺,对溶剂种类、反溶剂加入量、结晶温度和降温方式等因素的影响进行研究。首先通过静态结晶研究,确定了丙酮／水结晶体系和溶剂比例。在此基础上,设计了正交试验L9（34）考察动态结晶中各因素对环孢菌素A结晶收率和纯度的影响,并进一步优化了结晶降温方式。结果表明：确定环孢菌素A结晶的最佳条件为采用梯度程序降温,养晶温度为-5℃,丙酮和水的体积比为2：1,反溶剂水流加时间为0．5h,开始流加点为降温至0℃,结晶时间约为3h。经HPLC分析环孢菌素A的纯度平均值为99．15％,收率平均值为87．7％。     

LRP16影响宫颈癌Siha细胞对化疗药物的敏感性

目的:探讨抑制LRP16的表达对宫颈癌Siha细胞的化疗药物敏感性的影响。方法:将抑制LRP16表达的小干扰RNA:negativecontrol-si RNA(NC)、si RNA-374(si374)转染入Siha宫颈鳞癌细胞系中,通过顺铂(DDP)和紫杉醇(TAX)的处理后,采用CCK-8检测不同浓度紫杉醇、顺铂作用宫颈癌细胞系Siha48 h后,计算出细胞被抑制一半时顺铂、紫杉醇的药物浓度(IC50);使用Hoechst33342染色观察细胞凋亡,采用流式细胞仪检测顺铂IC50作用Siha细胞48小时后的细胞凋亡情况,紫杉醇IC50作用Siha细胞之后的细胞周期分布情况。结果:CCK-8检测转染的Siha细胞增殖活性受到抑制,Hoechst33342染色观察转染的Siha细胞凋亡明显增加,流式细胞仪检测凋亡显示,si374+顺铂的早期凋亡率22.15±2.24,NC+顺铂12.45±2.72,流式细胞仪检测周期显示G2/M(%),si374+紫杉醇29.94±1.87,NC+紫杉醇17.66±2.32。结论:LRP16基因表达下调之后,抑制Siha细胞的增殖、促进其凋亡,使细胞周期滞留于G2/M期,从而提高Siha细胞的化疗敏感性。     

Flower-inducing and -inhibiting activities of Phloem Exudate from Cotyledons of Pharbitis Seedlings

The flower-inducing and -inhibiting activities of phloem exudate (PE) prepared from cotyledons of Pharbitis seedlings were examined, using apex cultures in vitro from Pharbitis as a bioassay system.The PE was prepared from photoperiodically-induced cotyledons (SD-PE). The SD-PE was subjected to the following fractionations: When the SD-PE was extracted with CHCl₃ and then ethyl acetate, the inducing activity was located in the final aqueous fraction. The activity was localized in the diffusate when the aqueous fraction was dialyzed (molecular weight cut off was 10,000). The diffusate was fractionated by ion exchange chromatography, and flower-inducing activity was found in the fraction adsorbed onto anion exchange resin. When the fraction was applied to a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, the activity eluted with 25% MeOH. As a result of the above fractionation, activity was increased about 30-fold.The nature of the flower-inhibiting activity of the PE taken from cotyledons exposed to continuous-light conditions was examined (CL-PE). The inhibiting activity was decreased as the cotyledons were exposed to longer dark periods; it appeared to be heat-stable. The CL-PE also inhibited flowering in Lemna. The CL-PE was subjected to the following fractionations: When the CL-PE was extracted with CHCl₃ and ethyl acetate, activity was located in the final aqueous fraction. Activity was localized in the diffusate when the aqueous fraction was dialyzed (molecular weight cut off was 10,000). When the diffusate was fractionated by ion exchange chromatography, the activity was found in the flow-through fraction. When the fraction was applied to a hydroxyapatite cartridge, the activity eluted with 25 mM sodium phosphate buffer. When the fraction was re-dialyzed (molecular weight cut off was 1,000), the diffusate contained the activity. As a result of the above fractionation, activity was increased about 10-fold.     

青蛤的营养成分分析与评价

测定了61、2月份青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)的营养成份,并对其营养价值进行综合评定。结果表明,6月份青蛤的营养较12月份好,其粗蛋白比12月的高出2.84%,粗脂肪含量高出1.74%;6月和12月的氨基酸总含量分别为826.3 mg/g蛋白质和804.0 mg/g蛋白质,其中必需氨基酸分别占36.1%和33.6%,氨基酸计分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)是6月的较高,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)则分别为64.23和59.88。其不饱和脂肪酸占脂质总量的67.7%,其中单烯酸占24.9%,多烯酸占42.8%,“脑黄金”DHA和EPA的含量分别达到11.3%和18.4%。还含有多种微量元素和维生素。     

白腐菌紫外诱变选育高产漆酶突变株及其产酶条件研究

以白腐菌为出发菌株,利用紫外线(UV)进行诱变,筛选高产漆酶突变菌株。通过测定致死率绘制出发菌株的致死曲线,采用PDA-RBBR平板变色法进行初筛,ABTS检测酶活对突变株进行摇瓶复筛。结果表明:利用15 w紫外灯在照射距离为30 cm,照射时间为120 s,致死率为72.1%的条件下进行诱变处理,获得一株高产菌株,其酶活提高79.54%,经过5代传代培养,未见酶活下降,具有较好的遗传稳定性,进一步研究了初始pH值,接种量和培养基装液量等对诱变菌株产酶的影响,结果表明在最佳的培养条件pH值6.0,15%的装液量于28℃下,酶活达214.9 U/L。     

多糖的甲基化方法及图谱解析

本文对微量多糖的甲基化方法进行了研究。0.1 mg多糖样品用0.3 mL二甲亚砜溶解后,加入10 mg氢氧化钠粉末,室温下超声20 min。冰浴冷却后加入0.1 mL碘甲烷1,8～20℃下超声20 min,再加入0.1 mL碘甲烷,超声20 min。加入1 mL含4 mmol/L Na2S2O3的水,终止甲基化反应。反应液用0.5 mL氯仿提取4次,氯仿提取液用0.5 mL水处理5次。氯仿相用无水硫酸钠脱水后,氮气吹干。该法简便易行,甲基化程度高,适用于易溶(或难溶)于水和二甲亚砜的多糖。此外,本文对部分甲基化的糖醇乙酰酯衍生物的质谱图解析进行了阐述,并对特殊糖类样品的甲基化方法进行了说明。     

人免疫缺陷病毒I型Vif蛋白的原核表达、纯化及单克隆抗体制备

目的：克隆、表达、纯化人免疫缺陷病毒I型（HIV-1）Vif蛋白,制备其单克隆抗体。方法：提取感染了HIV的细胞基因组DNA,PCR扩增vif基因,插入表达载体pET32a,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）获得工程菌株,IPTG诱导蛋白表达,Western印迹鉴定目的蛋白,亲和层析纯化目的蛋白;免疫BALB／c小鼠,制备单克隆抗体。结果：构建了Vif蛋白的原核表达载体vif-pET32a,并在大肠杆菌中获得高表达,目的蛋白以包涵体形式存在;纯化获得高纯度的重组Vif蛋白,蛋白浓度可达0．56mg／mL;建立了抗Vif蛋白单克隆抗体细胞株,制备了腹水,滴度可达1：16×10^6,抗体纯化后保持了活性和特异性。结论：在原核表达系统中表达、纯化了重组Vif蛋白,制备了针对Vif蛋白的单克隆抗体,为研究Vif蛋白的功能和抗原性奠定了基础。     

Subunit Structure of Glucoamylase of Saccharomyces diastaticus

Extracellular glucoamylase produced by a starch-fermenting yeast, Saccharomyces diastaticus 5106-9A, was purified. The enzyme was found to be heterogeneous in molecular weight, ranging from approximately 80K to 66K as estimated by gel filtration, and consisted of two subunits, H and Y. The molecular weight of subunit H was heterogeneous and was determined to be approximately 68K, 59K, and 53K by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The molecular weight of subunit Y was 14K, estimated by the same gel. the molecular weight of the deglycosylated form of subunit H was 41K, suggesting that the heterogeneity of the enzyme was due to glycosyl moieties of subunit H. Subunits H and Y were separated by gel filtration in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Subunit Y seemed to be hydrophobic, since it was insoluble in an aqueous buffer without detergent.     

Phosphorus enhancement of mineralization of low concentrations of p-nitrophenol by Flavobacterium sp. in lake water

Abstract A study was conducted to determine whether the supply of inorganic phosphorus in lake water was sufficient for the mineralization of p -nitrophenol (PNP) by a Flavobacterium sp. The bacterium grew following its inoculation into sterile lake water amended with only 20 or 200 ng PNP per ml, but depending on when the water sample was taken, either PNP was not mineralized or it was mineralized slowly. PNP at both concentrations was rapidly mineralized if 10 mM P was added. The degradation of 200 ng PNP per ml was most rapid if the lake water was amended with 10 mM P, it proceeded more slowly with 1 mM P and the initiation of mineralization was delayed to equal extents if the sterile water received 0.1 mM, 0.01 mM or no P. The possible significance of these findings to biodegradation in natural waters is discussed.     

河豚毒素中和性单抗的制备、鉴定及TTX检测方法的建立

目的研制河豚毒素中和性单抗,建立基于河豚毒素单抗的河豚毒素检测方法。方法用TTX-KLH免疫Balb/c小鼠,用TTX-BSA间接ELISA筛选,建立杂交瘤细胞系,腹腔接种Balb/c小鼠诱生腹水,Protein A Sepharose CL4B亲和柱纯化,SDS-PAGE、间接ELISA鉴定;用常规法确定TTX对昆明小鼠的LD50;将单抗和TTX混合物注入小鼠腹腔,检测单抗对TTX的中和能力;建立检测TTX的竞争ELISA法。结果获得了2株TTX中和性单抗,腹水用Protein A Sepharose CL 4B纯化后抗体纯度大于95%;常规间接ELISA检测,显示单抗5E7的结合能力高于5E4。单抗对2 LD50 TTX攻击昆明小鼠的保护率为50%,建立了基于中和性单抗的TTX检测方法,TTX的最小检出浓度为1.56μg/mL。结论获得了TTX中和性单抗,对致死剂量TTX攻击昆明小鼠的保护率为50%,建立了基于中和性单抗的TTX检测方法,TTX的最小检出浓度为1.56μg/mL。     

蛋白质体积对其亚细胞定位的影响

为了探索N(2)-L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺的合成工艺,确定最佳工艺以符合工业化生产的需求,以L-谷氨酰胺为原料,通过氨解反应合成L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺,并对反应条件及精制工艺进行优化.实验结果显示,当设定氨解反应温度为60℃,反应压力为0.5 MPa,反应时间为5.5h,以及氨水体积与α-D-氯丙酰-L-谷氨酰胺质量之比(V∶m)为1.5∶1时,将所得粗品用75％乙醇溶液进行精制,合成得到的N(2)-L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺经检测含量为99.65％,总收率约为55.77％.结果表明,经优化后的工艺简便安全、条件温和易控、生产周期短,适合工业化大量生产,且产品纯度、收率较高.     

Fatty acids of callus tissues of six species of cucurbitaceae

A comparative study was made of the fatty acid composition of the total lipids extracted from the cotyledons and the callus cultures derived from cotyledon segments of six species of Cucurbitaceae. Conditions for callus induction and growth of cultures were identical. The difference between the two systems was in the reversal of the ratio of total unsaturated to saturated acids in all callus cultures. In callus cultures, instead of linoleic, linolenic was the major unsaturated fatty acid. In Momordica charantia, α-elaeostearic acid present in the cotyledon was not detected in callus and oleic acid was the major unsaturated fatty acid.     

海洋创伤弧菌反式翻译系统关键因子SmpB基因的克隆及原核表达

创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)是一种重要的"人鱼共患病"病原菌。通过克隆创伤弧菌反式翻译系统核心因子小蛋白B(Small molecular protein B,SmpB)基因,构建携带目的基因的原核表达质粒,为后续研究SmpB蛋白的互作网络、SmpB蛋白与创伤弧菌致病性之间的关系并以此开发新型的抑菌靶标奠定基础。使用LiCl沉淀法提取创伤弧菌基因组DNA,以它为模板,PCR扩增目的基因,并构建到pET-28a原核表达载体上测序鉴定后对SmpB序列进行生物信息学分析,将正确的重组质粒转化E.coli BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳鉴定。结果表明使用LiCl沉淀法成功提取到高质量创伤弧菌基因组DNA,以其为模板,扩增到smpB基因,并成功构建pET-28a原核表达重组质粒,测序鉴定正确;smpB基因全长为486 bp,编码161个氨基酸,分子量为18.41 kD,理论等电点为10.28,不稳定系数为35.02,总平均亲水性为-0.635,SmpB蛋白整体表现为稳定亲水性蛋白。生物信息学分析显示其高级结构核心部分为5个β折叠组成的桶状结构,外围由3个α螺旋组成,SmpB C-端亦为α螺旋。诱导表达的重组融合蛋白相对分子质量大小在25.0 kD附近,显示在E.coli中成功表达了SmpB蛋白。     

不同品种的地黄低聚糖含量的比较研究

采用HPLc-ELSD法,对6个不同品种(包括野生和栽培)地黄的低聚糖进行含量测定.测定结果表明:不同的地黄品种低聚糖含量差异比较显著;栽培品种‘85 -5’、‘9302’和‘北京1号’低聚糖含量比较接近;野生品种‘BA3’的水苏糖含量普遍较低,而蔗糖含量比较高;‘北京1号’水苏糖含量较高,总低聚糖含量比较均衡,占干重...     

盐胁迫对枸杞光合作用的气孔与非气孔限制

NaCl胁迫后,枸杞叶片的Pn,gs,Tr随盐浓度的增加呈现下降趋势。在0．08％－0．6％的NaCl胁迫范围内,枸杞叶片的Ci降低,Ls升高,gs下降主要受气孔限制,这可能由于盐刺激根系产生的某些物理或化学信号运输到地上部所致;而在盐分浓度大于0．6％的胁迫条件下,枸杞叶片的Ci则升高,Ls降低,gs下降的原因是由于Na^ ,Cl^-的大量积累对光合酶活性产生直接的毒害作用,从而使非气孔限制因素成为主要限制因子。