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1.
The constitutive centromere component CENP-50 is required for recovery from spindle damage
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Minoshima Y Hori T Okada M Kimura H Haraguchi T Hiraoka Y Bao YC Kawashima T Kitamura T Fukagawa T 《Molecular and cellular biology》2005,25(23):10315-10328
We identified CENP-50 as a novel kinetochore component. We found that CENP-50 is a constitutive component of the centromere that colocalizes with CENP-A and CENP-H throughout the cell cycle in vertebrate cells. To determine the precise role of CENP-50, we examined its role in centromere function by generating a loss-of-function mutant in the chicken DT40 cell line. The CENP-50 knockout was not lethal; however, the growth rate of cells with this mutation was slower than that of wild-type cells. We observed that the time for CENP-50-deficient cells to complete mitosis was longer than that for wild-type cells. Centromeric localization of CENP-50 was abolished in both CENP-H- and CENP-I-deficient cells. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that CENP-50 interacted with the CENP-H/CENP-I complex in chicken DT40 cells. We also observed severe mitotic defects in CENP-50-deficient cells with apparent premature sister chromatid separation when the mitotic checkpoint was activated, indicating that CENP-50 is required for recovery from spindle damage. 相似文献
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Equal distribution of DNA in mitosis requires the assembly of a large proteinaceous ensemble onto the centromeric DNA, called
the kinetochore. With few exceptions, kinetochore specification is independent of the DNA sequence and is determined epigenetically
by deposition at the centromeric chromatin of special nucleosomes containing an H3-related histone, CENP-A. Onto centromeric
CENP-A chromatin is assembled the so-called constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) of 16 proteins distributed in
several functional groups as follows: CENP-C, CENP-H/CENP-I/CENP-K/, CENP-L/CENP-M/CENP-N, CENP-O/CENP-P/CENP-Q/CENP-R/CENP-U(50),
CENP-T/CENP-W, and CENP-S/CENP-X. One role of the CCAN is to recruit outer kinetochore components further, such as KNL1, the
Mis12 complex, and the Ndc80 complex (KMN network) to which attach the spindle microtubules with their structural and regulatory
proteins. Among the CENPs in CCAN, CENP-C and CENP-T are required in parallel for operational kinetochore specification and
spindle attachment. This review presents discussion of the latest structural and functional data on CENP-A and CENPs from
the CCAN as well as their interaction with the KMN network. 相似文献
4.
The human CENP-A centromeric nucleosome-associated complex 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
5.
Itaru Samejima Christos Spanos Flavia de Lima Alves Tetsuya Hori Marinela Perpelescu Juan Zou Juri Rappsilber Tatsuo Fukagawa William C. Earnshaw 《The Journal of cell biology》2015,211(6):1141-1156
Kinetochores orchestrate mitotic chromosome segregation. Here, we use quantitative mass spectrometry of mitotic chromosomes isolated from a comprehensive set of chicken DT40 mutants to examine the dependencies of 93 confirmed and putative kinetochore proteins for stable association with chromosomes. Clustering and network analysis reveal both known and unexpected aspects of coordinated behavior for members of kinetochore protein complexes. Surprisingly, CENP-T depends on CENP-N for chromosome localization. The Ndc80 complex exhibits robust correlations with all other complexes in a “core” kinetochore network. Ndc80 associated with CENP-T interacts with a cohort of Rod, zw10, and zwilch (RZZ)–interacting proteins that includes Spindly, Mad1, and CENP-E. This complex may coordinate microtubule binding with checkpoint signaling. Ndc80 associated with CENP-C forms the KMN (Knl1, Mis12, Ndc80) network and may be the microtubule-binding “workhorse” of the kinetochore. Our data also suggest that CENP-O and CENP-R may regulate the size of the inner kinetochore without influencing the assembly of the outer kinetochore. 相似文献
6.
The human Mis12 complex is required for kinetochore assembly and proper chromosome segregation 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
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During cell division, kinetochores form the primary chromosomal attachment sites for spindle microtubules. We previously identified a network of 10 interacting kinetochore proteins conserved between Caenorhabditis elegans and humans. In this study, we investigate three proteins in the human network (hDsn1Q9H410, hNnf1PMF1, and hNsl1DC31). Using coexpression in bacteria and fractionation of mitotic extracts, we demonstrate that these proteins form a stable complex with the conserved kinetochore component hMis12. Human or chicken cells depleted of Mis12 complex subunits are delayed in mitosis with misaligned chromosomes and defects in chromosome biorientation. Aligned chromosomes exhibited reduced centromere stretch and diminished kinetochore microtubule bundles. Consistent with this, localization of the outer plate constituent Ndc80HEC1 was severely reduced. The checkpoint protein BubR1, the fibrous corona component centromere protein (CENP) E, and the inner kinetochore proteins CENP-A and CENP-H also failed to accumulate to wild-type levels in depleted cells. These results indicate that a four-subunit Mis12 complex plays an essential role in chromosome segregation in vertebrates and contributes to mitotic kinetochore assembly. 相似文献
7.
We have analyzed the mitotic function of SENP6, a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protease that disassembles conjugated SUMO-2/3 chains. Cells lacking SENP6 showed defects in spindle assembly and metaphase chromosome congression. Analysis of kinetochore composition in these cells revealed that a subset of proteins became undetectable on inner kinetochores after SENP6 depletion, particularly the CENP-H/I/K complex, whereas other changes in kinetochore composition mimicked defects previously reported to result from CENP-H/I/K depletion. We further found that CENP-I is degraded through the action of RNF4, a ubiquitin ligase which targets polysumoylated proteins for proteasomal degradation, and that SENP6 stabilizes CENP-I by antagonizing RNF4. Together, these findings reveal a novel mechanism whereby the finely balanced activities of SENP6 and RNF4 control vertebrate kinetochore assembly through SUMO-targeted destabilization of inner plate components. 相似文献
8.
McClelland SE Borusu S Amaro AC Winter JR Belwal M McAinsh AD Meraldi P 《The EMBO journal》2007,26(24):5033-5047
Kinetochores are complex protein machines that link chromosomes to spindle microtubules and contain a structural core composed of two conserved protein-protein interaction networks: the well-characterized KMN (KNL1/MIND/NDC80) and the recently identified CENP-A NAC/CAD. Here we show that the CENP-A NAC/CAD subunits can be assigned to one of two different functional classes; depletion of Class I proteins (Mcm21R(CENP-O) and Fta1R(CENP-L)) causes a failure in bipolar spindle assembly. In contrast, depletion of Class II proteins (CENP-H, Chl4R(CENP-N), CENP-I and Sim4R(CENP-K)) prevents binding of Class I proteins and causes chromosome congression defects, but does not perturb spindle formation. Co-depletion of Class I and Class II proteins restores spindle bipolarity, suggesting that Class I proteins regulate or counteract the function of Class II proteins. We also demonstrate that CENP-A NAC/CAD and KMN regulate kinetochore-microtubule attachments independently, even though CENP-A NAC/CAD can modulate NDC80 levels at kinetochores. Based on our results, we propose that the cooperative action of CENP-A NAC/CAD subunits and the KMN network drives efficient chromosome segregation and bipolar spindle assembly during mitosis. 相似文献
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10.
CENP-A is required for accurate chromosome segregation and sustained kinetochore association of BubR1 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
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Régnier V Vagnarelli P Fukagawa T Zerjal T Burns E Trouche D Earnshaw W Brown W 《Molecular and cellular biology》2005,25(10):3967-3981
CENP-A is an evolutionarily conserved, centromere-specific variant of histone H3 that is thought to play a central role in directing kinetochore assembly and in centromere function. Here, we have analyzed the consequences of disrupting the CENP-A gene in the chicken DT40 cell line. In CENP-A-depleted cells, kinetochore protein assembly is impaired, as indicated by mislocalization of the inner kinetochore proteins CENP-I, CENP-H, and CENP-C as well as the outer components Nuf2/Hec1, Mad2, and CENP-E. However, BubR1 and the inner centromere protein INCENP are efficiently recruited to kinetochores. Following CENP-A depletion, chromosomes are deficient in proper congression on the mitotic spindle and there is a transient delay in prometaphase. CENP-A-depleted cells further proceed through anaphase and cytokinesis with unequal chromosome segregation, suggesting that some kinetochore function remains following substantial depletion of CENP-A. We furthermore demonstrate that CENP-A-depleted cells exhibit a specific defect in maintaining kinetochore localization of the checkpoint protein BubR1 under conditions of checkpoint activation. Our data thus point to a specific role for CENP-A in assembly of kinetochores competent in the maintenance of mitotic checkpoint signaling. 相似文献
11.
The functional region of CENP-H interacts with the Nuf2 complex that localizes to centromere during mitosis
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CENP-H is a constitutive centromere component that localizes to the centromere throughout the cell cycle. Because CENP-H is colocalized with CENP-A and CENP-C, it is thought to be an inner centromere protein. We previously generated a conditional loss-of-function mutant of CENP-H and showed that CENP-H is required for targeting of CENP-C to the centromere in chicken DT40 cells. In the present study, we used this mutant to identify the functional region of chicken CENP-H necessary for centromere targeting and cell viability. This region was found by yeast two-hybrid analysis to interact with Hec1, which is a member of the Nuf2 complex that transiently localizes to the centromere during mitosis. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that CENP-H interacts with the Nuf2 complex in chicken DT40 cells. Photobleaching experiments showed that both Hec1 and CENP-H form stable associations with the centromeres during mitosis, suggesting that Hec1 acts as a structural component of centromeres during mitosis. On the basis of these results and previously published data, we propose that the Nuf2 complex functions as a connector between the inner and outer kinetochores. 相似文献
12.
Orthaus S Ohndorf S Diekmann S 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2006,348(1):36-46
The inner kinetochore protein complex binds to centromeres during the whole cell cycle. It serves as the basis for the binding of further kinetochore proteins during mitosis. CENP-H is one of the inner kinetochore proteins which is conserved amongst many eukaryotes. By specific RNAi knockdown, we reduced the CENP-H protein level in human HEp-2 cells down to less than 5% of its normal value. In these CENP-H knocked-down cells, we observed severe mitotic phenotypes like misaligned chromosomes and multipolar spindles, however, no mitotic arrest. Strong reduction of CENP-H resulted in a slightly reduced CENP-C level at the kinetochores and normal localisation of hBubR1, indicating a functional mitotic checkpoint at the hBubR1 protein level. In CENP-H knocked-down human cells, the misaligned chromosomes contained only reduced levels of CENP-E. Our data clearly indicate that CENP-H has an important impact on the architecture and function of the human kinetochore complex. 相似文献
13.
E Sonoda T Matsusaka C Morrison P Vagnarelli O Hoshi T Ushiki K Nojima T Fukagawa I C Waizenegger J M Peters W C Earnshaw S Takeda 《Developmental cell》2001,1(6):759-770
Proteolytic cleavage of the cohesin subunit Scc1 is a consistent feature of anaphase onset, although temporal differences exist between eukaryotes in cohesin loss from chromosome arms, as distinct from centromeres. We describe the effects of genetic deletion of Scc1 in chicken DT40 cells. Scc1 loss caused premature sister chromatid separation but did not disrupt chromosome condensation. Scc1 mutants showed defective repair of spontaneous and induced DNA damage. Scc1-deficient cells frequently failed to complete metaphase chromosome alignment and showed chromosome segregation defects, suggesting aberrant kinetochore function. Notably, the chromosome passenger INCENP did not localize normally to centromeres, while the constitutive kinetochore proteins CENP-C and CENP-H behaved normally. These results suggest a role for Scc1 in mitotic regulation, along with cohesion. 相似文献
14.
The centromere/kinetochore complex plays an essential role in cell and organismal viability by ensuring chromosome movements during mitosis and meiosis. The kinetochore also mediates the spindle attachment checkpoint (SAC), which delays anaphase initiation until all chromosomes have achieved bipolar attachment of kinetochores to the mitotic spindle. CENP-A proteins are centromere-specific chromatin components that provide both a structural and a functional foundation for kinetochore formation. Here we show that cells in Drosophila embryos homozygous for null mutations in CENP-A (CID) display an early mitotic delay. This mitotic delay is not suppressed by inactivation of the DNA damage checkpoint and is unlikely to be the result of DNA damage. Surprisingly, mutation of the SAC component BUBR1 partially suppresses this mitotic delay. Furthermore, cid mutants retain an intact SAC response to spindle disruption despite the inability of many kinetochore proteins, including SAC components, to target to kinetochores. We propose that SAC components are able to monitor spindle assembly and inhibit cell cycle progression in the absence of sustained kinetochore localization. 相似文献
15.
Vincent Vanoosthuyse John C. Meadows Sjaak J.A. van der Sar Jonathan B.A. Millar Kevin G. Hardwick 《Molecular biology of the cell》2009,20(24):5096-5105
Although critical for spindle checkpoint signaling, the role kinetochores play in anaphase promoting complex (APC) inhibition remains unclear. Here we show that spindle checkpoint proteins are severely depleted from unattached kinetochores in fission yeast cells lacking Bub3p. Surprisingly, a robust mitotic arrest is maintained in the majority of bub3Δ cells, yet they die, suggesting that Bub3p is essential for successful checkpoint recovery. During recovery, two defects are observed: (1) cells mis-segregate chromosomes and (2) anaphase onset is significantly delayed. We show that Bub3p is required to activate the APC upon inhibition of Aurora kinase activity in checkpoint-arrested cells, suggesting that Bub3p is required for efficient checkpoint silencing downstream of Aurora kinase. Together, these results suggest that spindle checkpoint signals can be amplified in the nucleoplasm, yet kinetochore localization of spindle checkpoint components is required for proper recovery from a spindle checkpoint-dependent arrest. 相似文献
16.
CENP-H, a constitutive centromere component, is required for centromere targeting of CENP-C in vertebrate cells 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
Fukagawa T Mikami Y Nishihashi A Regnier V Haraguchi T Hiraoka Y Sugata N Todokoro K Brown W Ikemura T 《The EMBO journal》2001,20(16):4603-4617
CENP-H has recently been discovered as a constitutive component of the centromere that co-localizes with CENP-A and CENP-C throughout the cell cycle. The precise function, however, remains poorly understood. We examined the role of CENP-H in centromere function and assembly by generating a conditional loss-of-function mutant in the chicken DT40 cell line. In the absence of CENP-H, cell cycle arrest at metaphase, consistent with loss of centromere function, was observed. Immunocytochemical analysis of the CENP-H-deficient cells demonstrated that CENP-H is necessary for CENP-C, but not CENP-A, localization to the centromere. These findings indicate that centromere assembly in vertebrate cells proceeds in a hierarchical manner in which localization of the centromere-specific histone CENP-A is an early event that occurs independently of CENP-C and CENP-H. 相似文献
17.
Okada M Cheeseman IM Hori T Okawa K McLeod IX Yates JR Desai A Fukagawa T 《Nature cell biology》2006,8(5):446-457
In vertebrates, centromeres lack defined sequences and are thought to be propagated by epigenetic mechanisms involving the incorporation of specialized nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant centromere protein (CENP)-A. However, the precise mechanisms that target CENP-A to centromeres remain poorly understood. Here, we isolated a multi-subunit complex, which includes the established inner kinetochore components CENP-H and CENP-I, and nine other proteins, from both human and chicken cells. Our analysis of these proteins demonstrates that the CENP-H-I complex can be divided into three functional sub-complexes, each of which is required for faithful chromosome segregation. Interestingly, newly expressed CENP-A is not efficiently incorporated into centromeres in knockout mutants of a subclass of CENP-H-I complex proteins, indicating that the CENP-H-I complex may function, in part, as a marker directing CENP-A deposition to centromeres. 相似文献
18.
Lijuan Zhu Zhikai Wang Wenwen Wang Chunli Wang Shasha Hua Zeqi Su Larry Brako Minerva Garcia-Barrio Mingliang Ye Xuan Wei Hanfa Zou Xia Ding Lifang Liu Xing Liu Xuebiao Yao 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(45):27053-27066
Mitotic chromosome segregation is orchestrated by the dynamic interaction of spindle microtubules with the kinetochores. During chromosome alignment, kinetochore-bound microtubules undergo dynamic cycles between growth and shrinkage, leading to an oscillatory movement of chromosomes along the spindle axis. Although kinetochore protein CENP-H serves as a molecular control of kinetochore-microtubule dynamics, the mechanistic link between CENP-H and kinetochore microtubules (kMT) has remained less characterized. Here, we show that CSPP1 is a kinetochore protein essential for accurate chromosome movements in mitosis. CSPP1 binds to CENP-H in vitro and in vivo. Suppression of CSPP1 perturbs proper mitotic progression and compromises the satisfaction of spindle assembly checkpoint. In addition, chromosome oscillation is greatly attenuated in CSPP1-depleted cells, similar to what was observed in the CENP-H-depleted cells. Importantly, CSPP1 depletion enhances velocity of kinetochore movement, and overexpression of CSPP1 decreases the speed, suggesting that CSPP1 promotes kMT stability during cell division. Specific perturbation of CENP-H/CSPP1 interaction using a membrane-permeable competing peptide resulted in a transient mitotic arrest and chromosome segregation defect. Based on these findings, we propose that CSPP1 cooperates with CENP-H on kinetochores to serve as a novel regulator of kMT dynamics for accurate chromosome segregation. 相似文献
19.
Shinya Ohta Laura Wood Iyo Toramoto Ken-Ichi Yagyu Tatsuo Fukagawa William C. Earnshaw 《Molecular biology of the cell》2015,26(7):1225-1237
Centrosomes nucleate spindle formation, direct spindle pole positioning, and are important for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis in most animal cells. We previously reported that centromere protein 32 (CENP-32) is required for centrosome association with spindle poles during metaphase. In this study, we show that CENP-32 depletion seems to release centrosomes from bipolar spindles whose assembly they had previously initiated. Remarkably, the resulting anastral spindles function normally, aligning the chromosomes to a metaphase plate and entering anaphase without detectable interference from the free centrosomes, which appear to behave as free asters in these cells. The free asters, which contain reduced but significant levels of CDK5RAP2, show weak interactions with spindle microtubules but do not seem to make productive attachments to kinetochores. Thus CENP-32 appears to be required for centrosomes to integrate into a fully functional spindle that not only nucleates astral microtubules, but also is able to nucleate and bind to kinetochore and central spindle microtubules. Additional data suggest that NuMA tethers microtubules at the anastral spindle poles and that augmin is required for centrosome detachment after CENP-32 depletion, possibly due to an imbalance of forces within the spindle. 相似文献
20.