农杆菌介导的玉米幼胚遗传转化体系的优化

本实验以玉米品种HiⅡ(PA*PB和PB*PA)的幼胚为材料,用根瘤农杆菌菌株EHA105和LBA4404对幼胚进行转化,将PTF102-GUS导入玉米中,借助GUS基因的瞬时表达率,对影响农杆菌介导玉米幼胚转化的部分因素进行优化。研究表明使用EHA105侵染HiⅡ幼胚;农杆菌浓度在OD550=0.3,侵染时间在10min;幼胚大小为1.0mm时,GUS染色瞬时表达率较高。     

利用GUS基因瞬时表达探索佛手叶盘基因枪转化参数

佛手是芳香科枸橼类植物,有很好的药用和观赏价值,但其品种较为单一,对其进行遗传改良和品种选育显得十分必要.为了将基因枪转化方法应用于佛手的遗传改良和品种选育,本实验以GUS基因为报告基因,利用基因枪方法将其转入金华佛手外植体内,通过检测GUS基因在佛手叶盘中的瞬时表达情况,分析了外植体的幼嫩程度、射程、氦气压力、真空度、轰击次数等参数对GUS瞬时表达的影响,并研究了最佳检测时间.结果表明,以幼叶为受体,在射程为6 cm、氦气压力为7.584×106Pa,真空度为88.046 kPa条件下,2 d后可检测出GUS基因的最佳表达活性.轰击次数多少对GUS基因瞬时表达影响不明显.     

拟南芥atslA基因启动子的克隆和功能分析

通过PCR扩增,从拟南芥中克隆出atslA基因启动子(包括叶绿体转运肽),将此启动子与GUS基因相连构建植物瞬时表达载体,用基因枪法将之导入烟草进行瞬时表达。GUS基因检测分析表明,atslA基因启动子能特异的启动GUS基因在烟草叶片中高效表达。     

拟南芥ats1A基因启动子的克隆和功能分析

通过PCR扩增,从拟南芥中克隆出ats1A基因启动子(包括叶绿体转运肽),将此启动子与GUS基因相连构建植物瞬时表达载体,用基因枪法将之导入烟草进行瞬时表达。GUS基因检测分析表明,ats1A基因启动子能特异的启动GUS基因在烟草叶片中高效表达。     

农杆菌介导玉米胚性愈伤的遗传转化研究

利用3种不同类型的农杆菌菌株C58、LBA4404和EHA105携带外源GUS基因分别侵染玉米自交系齐319和18(红)胚性愈伤.结果显示,不同的菌株和自交系间的搭配,其遗传转化效率差异很大,GUS瞬时表达率呈极显著差异(F=24.92**),抗性愈伤率也呈极显著差异(F=19.43**).其中,EHAl05-齐319组合遗传转化效率最高,其GUS瞬时表达率平均为55.5%,最高可迭71.1%;其抗性愈伤率平均为14.4%,最高可达20%;对22株转基因To代抗性植株进行PCR检测,其中PCR呈阳性植株有11株,阳性率为50%.进一步对此22株To代抗性植株进行叶片组织化学染色分析,结果显示,PCR呈阳性的植株中均有GUS基因表达.从而证明,外源GUS基因在转基因玉米To代植株中得到稳定表达,而且验证了PCR检测结果和GUS表达分析结果的一致性.     

番茄果实特异性启动子的克隆与遗传转化研究

为了实现外源基因在番茄果实中的高效和特异表达,克隆了番茄果实特异基因多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因( Polygalacturonase,PG)的启动子.以中蔬四号番茄为材料,建立并优化了以子叶为外植体的番茄高效再生和遗传转化体系;以GUS为报告基因,构建PG:GUS植物表达载体,转化番茄.结果表明,在1.0 mg/L ZT的MS分化培养中,番茄子叶的发芽率最高,芽的诱导率高达91％,且发生畸态芽和褐化的外植体最少;通过抗生素浓度对农杆菌的抑制效果试验发现,当头孢霉素的浓度为200 mg/L时,抑制农杆菌的效果最好;成功克隆了番茄PG启动子,将PG启动子驱动的GUS基因转入番茄,对转基因后代果实的GUS染色表明,PG启动子驱动的外源基因在果实中特异表达.     

草莓MET1基因启动子克隆及瞬时表达分析

根据草莓MET1类DNA甲基转移酶基因(FaMET1)全长序列设计引物,通过PCR获得了该基因翻译起始位点上游669 bp的序列.生物信息学分析表明,该序列中存在启动子的基本元件TATA-box、CAAT-box和多个胁迫诱导元件.进一步构建了FaMET1基因启动子驱动GUS的植物表达载体FMpro::GUS,通过农杆菌注射法转化草莓果实细胞,结果表明,该序列能够驱动GUS在草莓果实中瞬时表达,为进一步研究FaMET1的表达调控奠定了基础.     

蝴蝶兰花瓣瞬时转化体系建立

蝴蝶兰花器官中基因功能的研究受遗传转化效率低和遗传转化周期长的制约,而花瓣瞬时表达体系是一种快速分析基因功能的有效手段。该研究以蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’花瓣和萼片为实验材料,通过农杆菌介导的瞬时转化方法,分析了侵染的菌液浓度、侵染时间、乙酰丁香酮浓度和共培养时间等4个因素对β-葡糖醛酸酶(GUS)报告基因表达效率的影响,以探寻其瞬时表达的最佳条件;并将查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase,CHS)基因RNAi干扰载体瞬时转化蝴蝶兰花瓣,共培养3d后观察转化材料中花色表型以及色素的变化,并利用半定量RT-PCR来检测CHS基因转录水平的表达。结果表明:(1)农杆菌菌液OD600为0.6、侵染时间60s,在重悬液中添加150μmol/L乙酰丁香酮,共培养3d,GUS瞬时表达率最高(85.01%)。(2)转基因蝴蝶兰花瓣颜色明显变淡,色素含量降低。(3)半定量PCR检测表明,CHS基因的转录活性相比于对照组显著降低。该实验成功的在蝴蝶兰花器官中建立了一种快速基因功能验证方法,为后期蝴蝶兰基因功能研究和育种工作提供技术支持。     

利用GUS基因瞬时表达对大豆子叶节和胚尖转化方法的比较及优化

建立了一个综合利用CaMV 35S：：GUS基因的瞬时表达水平、表达位点和表达率来评价大豆转化效率的检测体系,并利用该体系对分别以栽培大豆（Glycine max L．）“科丰6号”、“合丰35”、“中黄13”和“垦农18”的子叶节和胚尖为外植体的农杆菌介导的2种不同转化方法进行了比较和优化。实验结果表明,不同的转化方法对大豆的品种要求不同,“科丰6号”和“合丰35”2个品种适合子叶节转化法．而“中黄13”更适于胚尖转化法。大豆萌发培养基和共培养基对转化频率的影响存在交互作用,低6-BA的萌发培养基和高6～BA的共培养基配合、或者高6-BA的萌发培养基和低6-BA的共培养基配合使用适合“科丰6号”子叶节转化法,而“中黄13”胚尖转化法要求萌发培养基和共培养基中的6-BA浓度都较高。另外,在子叶节转化系统中,6d苗龄的子叶节共培养3dGUS基因的瞬时表达率较高,而在胚尖转化系统中大豆的萌发时间对GUS基因的瞬时表达率并没有显著的影响,胚尖与农杆菌共培养较宜的时间为5d。     

不同调控序列作用下GUS基因在烟草中瞬时表达活性

以pB1121为出发质粒,利用烟草泛素启动子Ubi．U4、CaMV35S启动子以及Kozak序列构建4种GUS基因表达载体,通过叶盘转化法转化烟草叶片,检测瞬时表达活性,研究不同调控序列对外源基因表达的调控作用。结果表明：CaMV35S启动子附加Kozak序列后使GUS活性比独立使用CaMV35S提高了近2倍：双CaMV35S启动子附加Kozak序列驱动GUS基因的表达活性与单CaMV35S附加Kozak序列相当;烟草泛素启动子附加Kozak序列的表达活性为CaMV35S启动子附加Kozak序列的1．5倍;Ubi．U4-CaMV35S复合启动子附加Kozak序列驱动GUS基因表达水平最高,其表达效率是双CaMV35S启动子附加Kozak序列调控下GUS表达效率的3倍,为CaMV35S独立作用时的10倍。     

Optimised DNA delivery into Coffea arabica suspension culture cells by particle bombardment

An optimised bombardment protocol to introduce DNA into Coffea arabica suspension culture cells was developed. Osmotic preconditioning of cells and physical bombardment parameters including Helium pressure, gap and target distances affecting DNA delivery were evaluated by monitoring transient expression of the uidA gene driven by the CaMV35S promoter. The highest transient GUS expression was obtained when cells were subjected to a 0.5 M mannitol–sorbitol pre-treatment 4 h prior to bombardment and a Helium pressure of 1550 psi, a 9-mm gap distance and 12 cm target distance as physical bombardment parameters. The optimised protocol was tested with two coffee promoters: -tubulin and arabicin, which presented similar activity to the CaMV35S promoter in suspension culture cells by fluorometric GUS assays. GUS expression was reduced in bombarded tissue culture leaves, and only the CaMV35S and arabicin promoters showed histochemical activity in coffee endosperms. This is the first report of optimization of particle bombardment on coffee suspension culture cells, equivalent CaMV35S activity for a coffee promoter and transient -glucoronidase expression in coffee endo-sperms.     

Protoplast isolation and transient gene expression in switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L

Transient assay systems using protoplasts have been utilized in several plant species and are a powerful tool for rapid functional gene analysis and biochemical manipulations. A protoplast system has not been used in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), even though it is a bioenergy crop that has received considerable attention. Here we report the first protocol to isolate large numbers of viable protoplasts from both leaves and roots of two switchgrass genotypes. Furthermore, we demonstrate transient expression of PEG-mediated DNA uptake in the isolated protoplasts by measuring the activity of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by either the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter or the maize ubiquitin 1 promoter. Protoplast transformation with either the 35S or the ubiquitin promoter resulted in an increase in GUS activity compared to the untransformed controls; however, the extent of GUS activity was considerably higher for the ubiquitin promoter than for the 35S promoter. Collectively, our results indicate an efficient protoplast isolation and transient assay system that can be used to facilitate gene expression studies in switchgrass.     

Effects of tissue type and promoter strength on transient GUS expression in sugarcane following particle bombardment

Effects of tissue type and promoter strength on transient GUS expression in the sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) cultivar NCo 310 were evaluated following microprojectile bombardment of leaf explants. GUS expression was histochemically or fluorometrically measured 48 h after delivery of the uidA gene. High levels of GUS expression were obtained in leaf segments isolated from young, expanding sugarcane leaves cultured for 1, 3, or 6 d prior to bombardment. The promoter derived from the maize ubiquitin 1 gene (Ubi-1) produced significantly more GUS foci and higher GUS activity levels compared to the recombinant Emu, rice actin 1 (Act1), and CaMV 35S promoters. Our transient expression system should facilitate efforts to identify promoters and elements which will regulate desired gene expression patterns in sugarcane and aid in development of an efficient stable transformation system.Abbreviations Act1 rice actin 1 gene - CaMV cauliflower mosaic virus - GUS ß-glucuronidase - Ubi-1 maize ubiquitin 1 gene - uidA GUS gene - X-Glu 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoylglucuronide     

不同调控序列作用下GUS基因在烟草中瞬时表达活性的研究

以pBI121为出发质粒, 利用烟草泛素启动子Ubi.U4、CaMV35S启动子以及Kozak序列构建4种GUS基因表达载体,通过叶盘转化法转化烟草叶片, 检测瞬时表达活性, 研究不同调控序列对外源基因表达的调控作用。结果表明: CaMV35S启动子附加Kozak序列后使GUS活性比独立使用CaMV35S提高了近2倍; 双CaMV35S启动子附加Kozak序列驱动GUS基因的表达活性与单CaMV35S附加Kozak序列相当; 烟草泛素启动子附加Kozak序列的表达活性为CaMV35S启动子附加Kozak序列的1.5倍; Ubi.U4-CaMV35S复合启动子附加Kozak序列驱动GUS基因表达水平最高, 其表达效率是双CaMV35S启动子附加Kozak序列调控下GUS表达效率的3倍, 为CaMV35S独立作用时的10倍。     

Transient expression of the uidA gene in Pinus pinea cotyledons: A study of heterologous promoter sequences

Transfer and expression of the β-glucuronidase gene (uidA) in cultured cotyledons of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) was obtained by microprojectile bombardment. Conditions for optimum transient expression were established by using plasmid pBI121 delivered by 1.0 μm-diameter gold particles, into 1-day-old cultured cotyledons. Helium pressure of 6.2 MPa, microcarrier travel distance of 6 cm, and 0.8 μg of plasmid DNA per bombardment, were the best parameters for high levels of transient uidA expression. By using these parameters, 98% of bombarded cotyledons showed β-glucuronidase activity, with a mean of 63 Gus foci per cotyledon. This system was used to study the expression of uidA gene driven by several heterologous promoters. The expression under the control of the sunflower polyubiquitin gene (UbB1) promoter (Δ1 deletion) was higher (99% of GUS positive cotyledons) than under the control of the CaMV35S promoter, whereas the rice actin and the maize alcohol dehydrogenase gene promoters gave lower uidA expression, as determined histochemically. These results were confirmed by using the GUS fluorometric assay. Use of a deletion of the sunflower polyubiquitin promoter resulted in GUS activity detectable 35 days after bombardment, and significant levels of GUS activity were confirmed at the end of that period. The results will be useful to design protocols for stable transformation and high levels of transgene expression in P. pinea. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

橡胶树白粉菌(HO-73)启动子WY172不同长度片段的克隆及表达活性分析

旨在克隆橡胶树白粉菌启动子WY172及其上游2K序列上4个不同长度缺失片段,以分析启动子各片段的表达活性。基于实验室前期研究基础,以WY172上游2K序列作为研究对象进行渐变缺失突变,得到4个不同长度的可能具有启动子活性的片段,结合WY172,选用pBI121载体作为骨架,分别替换GUS基因前的CaMV35S启动子,并分别构建重组表达载体,通过ATMT法转化农杆菌;利用GUS染色法和酶活性检测,分析WY172启动子及不同长度片段的酶活性。分别构建了pBI121-WY172、pBI121-WY172Q、pBI121-WY172Q1、pBI121-WY172Q2、pBI121-WY172Q3共5个重组的植物表达载体,所有植物表达载体烟草瞬时表达GUS染色均有蓝色出现,且蓝色程度均强于阳性对照CaMV35S启动子,其中pBI121-WY172Q3的GUS染色相对最深;GUS酶活性测定结果显示所有缺失突变片段都具有调控基因表达的启动子活性,且启动活性均强于CaMV35S启动子,WY172Q3调控GUS基因表达的活性最高。因此我们判断WY172及其上游2K序列上4个不同长度缺失片段均具有启动子活性,其中以WY172Q3启动子片段的表达活性最强。     

麻疯树MIPS基因启动子的分离及在烟草原生质体中瞬时表达活性分析

根据麻疯树MIPS基因序列,设计特异性的巢式引物,运用TAIL-PCR法两次步移得到MIPS基因5＇端侧翼序列,序列分析显示含有多个胁迫应答相关元件,如ABRE、HSE等。以该序列为基础,PCR扩增得到5个5＇端不同长度的缺失片段,分别插入pBI221载体置换CaMV35S启动子,构建的表达载体在PEG介导下转入烟草叶片原生质体进行瞬时表达,检测GUS报告基因的活性。经GUS活性荧光定量检测发现,分离到的MIPS基因侧翼序列5＇端不同缺失片段都能启动GUS报告基因表达,启动活性最高的是WQ1区（-565bp）,核心区位于-565～-449bp。在100μmol·L-1ABA诱导下启动活性增强,但不同区段的增长幅度不同。WQ1区增长幅度最大,比未处理时提高41.4%。     

CaMV 35S promoter directs β-glucuronidase expression in Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus citrinopileatus

The cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter has been most commonly used in plant transformation studies, but its activity in mushrooms has not been reported. p301-b is a binary vector containing a bialaphos resistance gene driven by the promoter of Lentinus edodes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene. CaMV 35S-GUS was inserted into p301-b, and the resulting construct p301-bG was transformed to protoplasts of Ganoderma lucidum and basidiospores of Pleurotus citrinopileatus. GUS activity was observed in the transformants, indicating that CaMV 35S promoter can direct expression of exogenous gene in the mushrooms. This is the first report on the application of CaMV 35S promoter in genetic modification of mushrooms.