我国弄蝶科、螟蛾科和夜蛾科害虫的寄蝇主要种类检索表

稻苞虫、稻纵卷叶螟、稻螟蛉、玉米螟、大螟、三化螟、粘虫等均为弄蝶科、螟蛾科和夜蛾科中的重大害虫。寄蝇是抑制这些害虫发生数量的重要生物因子之一,如1961年我们在湖南长沙地区的调查,寄蝇在第一代粘虫中的寄生率一般达40％以上。我国地域辽阔,作物种类繁多,有些重大害虫食性很杂;寄蝇的种类也形形色色,到目前为止我们已知上述害虫的寄蝇有2个亚科21属24种。现用检索表的形式概述它     

我国云南省甘蔗螟虫的几种寄蝇

<正> 甘蔗螟虫种类多、分布广、为重害,是甘蔗的重要害虫之一。由于蔗螟分散发生,钻蛀、隐蔽为害,农药防治比较困难,目前世界产糖国都在着重研究经济有效的生物防治方法,有的国家已把利用寄蝇防治蔗螟作为重要的措施之一,例如美国已机械化生产螟利索寄蝇防治蔗螟,日本、印度、菲律宾都已成功地引入该寄蝇。我国台湾省和广东省也都先后数次引进此种寄蝇。 云南德宏州甘科所对当地甘蔗害虫及天敌进行了普查,从为害甘蔗的二点螟Chilo infu-     

甘蔗害虫优势天敌及其保护利用

本文对7种甘蔗害虫优势天敌的寄生捕食特点及其保护利用进行了探讨和综述.云南蔗区甘蔗害虫种类多,天敌资源十分丰富.全省甘蔗害虫天敌达283种之多,其中,具有保护利用价值和研究意义的优势种主要有:寄生甘蔗螟虫Sesamia inferens Walker的赤眼蜂Thichogramma、螟黄足绒茧蜂Apanteles flavipes(Cameron)和大螟拟丛毛寄蝇Sturmiopsis inferens Townsend;捕食甘蔗绵蚜Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner的大突肩瓢虫Synonycha grandis (Thunberg)、双带盘瓢虫Lemnia biplagiata(Swartz)、六斑月瓢虫Chilomenes sexmaculata(Fabricius)和绿线食蚜螟Thiallela sp.;捕食甘蔗粉蚧Saccharicoccus sacchari(Cocherell)、Dysmicoccus boninsis Kuwana和蔗头象虫Trochorhopalus humeralis Chevrolat Diocalandra sp.的黄足肥螋Euborellia pallipes Shiraki等.还有一种寄生菌-白僵菌Beauvria sp.,在自然界中分布十分广泛,可寄生蔗螟、蔗龟Exolontha serrulata(Gyllenhal)Alissonotun impressicolle Arrow、蔗头象虫、蛀茎象虫Otidognathus rubriceps Chevrolat等多种甘蔗害虫,其自然寄生率一般在10%左右,对甘蔗害虫具有一定的自然抑制作用.合理保护利用天敌,充分发挥天敌对害虫的自然调控作用,这对保护生态环境,维护蔗田生态平衡,提高害虫综合治理水平,促进蔗糖业可持续发展均具有重要意义.     

桉树大毛虫的生物学特性及防治

桉树大毛虫是近年在四川省会理县发现的一种石榴主要害虫。本文描述了该虫各虫态的形态特征和生物学特性。在会理县关河乡该虫一年发生1～2代,以蛹越冬。主要天敌有梳胫节腹寄蝇,对老熟幼虫的寄生率高达33～48％。人工捕杀和保护利用寄蝇是较好的防治方法。     

利用自然寄主玉米螟人工大量繁殖玉米螟厉寄蝇的研究

本文报道1983—1984年我国利用自然寄主亚洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)幼虫人工大星繁殖玉米螟厉寄蝇(Lydella grisescens)的技术和方法。研究结果表明:在正常的玉米螟人工饲料配方中添加0.05克维生素E后,饲养和累代繁殖的供试玉米螟幼虫对提高寄蝇的生活和生殖力效果显著;温湿度、光照和风是影响寄蝇交尾的三因素,温度28～30℃,相对湿度70—80％,日光光照和微风吹拂为寄蝇交尾的适宜条件;掌握羽化1天以上的雄蝇与当天羽化的雌蝇这一有利时机,交尾率可达80—90％;受精雌蝇以5％稀蜂蜜液和牛奶喂饲后,寿命延长,胚胎发育良好;在温度25—30℃及相对湿度80—90％的条件下,子宫内的卵经9—11天全部成熟,采用人工剖腹取蛆,以蛆与寄主幼虫的密度比为3:1或4:1,使其充分接触的接蝇蛆方法,寄生率一般为80—90％,最高可达98％;根据同一寄主幼虫体内寄生1—4个蝇蛆的不同营养和发育情况,测定其蛹重,观察和比较成虫抱卵量、寿命和生殖力的强弱,证明1头玉米螟幼虫体内寄生1—2厉蝇蛆较为有利。 玉米螟厉寄蝇人工大量繁殖研究的成功,不仅有利于我国玉米螟防治工作,而且将为我国生防领域开辟出一条利用寄蝇的有效途径。     

天幕毛虫抱寄蝇的初步研究

天幕毛虫抱寄蝇是柞蚕放养场内大害虫——天幕毛虫(Malacosoma neustria testaceaMots.)的重要天敌。在辽宁省各蚕区普遍发生。据作者在复县调查,其寄生率为93.6％,在新金县调查,寄生率为86.3％,对天幕毛虫的发生发展具有很大的抑制作用,很有利用前途。 又据作者了解,辽南部分蚕民认为,天幕毛虫抱寄蝇与柞蚕饰腹寄蝇一样也是柞蚕的     

水稻大螟越冬幼虫寄生蜂种类调查与主要寄生蜂越冬动态分析

大螟Sesamia inferens(Walker)是水稻上一种重要的钻蛀性害虫,其寄主范围广,近年来为害加重。由于长期以来对大螟的防治采取兼治策略,大螟已经对多种农药产生了抗性。因此,掌握水稻大螟生物防治资源有重要的应用意义。本研究报道了江苏扬州地区水稻大螟越冬幼虫体内仅有两种寄生蜂,分别是中华茧蜂Amyosoma chinensis和螟黄足盘绒茧蜂Cotesia flavipes,其中螟黄足盘绒茧蜂是优势种群。通过近三年的系统调查发现：在自然界中螟黄足盘绒茧蜂在大螟越冬幼虫体内的寄生率呈现动态变化,最高寄生率达33.33%,并且不同年份之间有差异。螟黄足盘绒茧蜂最短出茧时间仅为5.0 d,最长不超过14.0 d。除了12月份至次年1月份采集的螟黄足盘绒茧蜂外,其它时间点采集到的螟黄足盘绒茧蜂的羽化率高达75%以上。该研究结果为利用螟黄足盘绒茧蜂防治大螟提供了研究基础。     

中国菜粉蝶寄生昆虫调查

菜粉蝶是十字花科蔬菜的大害虫。本文系1978—1982年涉及21省、市、自治区,野外采集、室内饲养其卵、幼虫、蛹共达193,000以上的寄生性天敌调查结果。 调查中共得12种原寄生性天敌,它们是:广赤眼蜂(Trichogramma evanescens)、拟澳洲赤眼蜂(T.confusum)、菜粉蝶绒茧蜂(Apanteles glomeratus)、微红绒茧蜂(A.rubecula)、镶颚姬蜂(Hyposotersp.)、蝶蛹金小峰(Pteromalus puparum)、广大腿小蜂(Brachymeria lasus)、粉蝶大腿小蜂(B.femorata)、舞毒蛾黑瘤姬蜂(Coccygomimus disparis)、家蚕追寄蝇(Exorista sorbillans)、毛虫追寄蝇(E.amoena)以及常怯寄蝇(Phryxe vulgaris)。卵寄生率0-1.70%:幼虫害生率0-64.5%;蛹寄生率0—97.00%。在杭州,5、6月间平均蛹寄生率分别为61.45%和63.38%,越冬代蛹寄生率平均 56.01-60.62%。 根据调查结果,初步讨论了当前各地区保护、利用的重点对象,建议考虑从国外引进适当的赤眼蜂,并对如何开展天敌调查工作提出了看法。     

北京地区白杨天社蛾和柳毒蛾的重要天敌——毛虫追寄蝇Exorista amoena Mesnil的初步观察

一、前言 毛虫追寄蝇 Exorista amoena Mesnil(中国新记录)本为法国寄蝇专家米尼里于1960年根据采自苏联塔吉克斯坦的标本订名发表,至今有关它的生物学特性和寄主种类都尚无记载。1962年我们在北京地区进行寄蝇的调查采集工作中,发现此种寄蝇大量寄生于林荫树木害虫——白杨天社蛾Melalopha anachoreta Fabr.和柳毒蛾Stilpnotia salicis L.,根据对白杨天社蛾第4代幼虫的调查,被寄生率达36％。此外,根据外地寄来的标本,得知     

寄生昆虫体外培养研究进展

<正> 随着害虫生物防治的发展,寄生昆虫是可供利用的重要昆虫天敌资源之一。如何人工体外培养大量寄生昆虫的问题,日益受到人们的重视,并且,近年取得了令人鼓舞的进展。 (一)体外培养研究中的寄生昆虫 被进行体外培育研究的寄生昆虫种类日见增多,从国外(加拿大、美国、法国等)到国内,至今报道用人     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.