芸芥体细胞胚胎发生及植株再生体系的建立

以芸芥子叶为外植体,诱导芸芥体细胞胚胎发生并建立植株再生体系.结果表明:基因型及植物生长调节剂对芸芥体细胞胚胎发生均有一定的影响,其中以含有1.0mg·L-12,4-D的MS培养基诱导芸芥体细胞胚胎发生的效果最优.在MS 0.2mg·L-12,4-D培养基上,胚性愈伤组织可大量增殖.对芸芥体细胞胚胎成熟的研究表明,体胚在N6培养基上成熟最佳,且45.2%的成熟体胚可在1/2MS 0.1mg·L-1IBA培养基上萌发生长.     

大蒜体细胞胚胎发生过程中抗氧化酶活性变化及某些生理特征

以大蒜的发芽叶基(鳞茎)为外植体诱导体细胞胚胎发生,研究大蒜体胚发生过程中SOD、POD和CAT 3种抗氧化酶的活性以及可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量变化.结果表明:在大蒜体胚发生过程中,SOD、POD和CAT活性变化与胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体胚的发育密切相关,POD对体胚的诱导起主导作用,而SOD和CAT在体胚的发育和成熟中起主导作用.可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质累积与大蒜体细胞胚胎发生密切相关.     

香根草体细胞胚胎发生的细胞学特点与形成条件

香根草是一种优良的生态环境治理植物,但也存在着一些局限性。为了对香根草进行遗传改良,选育出性状更优、抗性更强的新品种,开展了香根草离体培养研究。离体培养采用了两种外植体,一是带腋芽的节,二是由器官发生方式所产生的无菌不定芽。基本培养基为MS,根据不同的目的附加不同种类或配比的生长素与细胞分裂素。观察到香根草的外植体的离体发育途径,有器官发生和体细胞胚胎发生两种,依培养基中所含细胞分裂素或生长素的种类和用量不同而异。结果表明,香根草的这两种离体发育途径的植株再生能力均可以长期保持。细胞学的研究显示,香根草离体发育的启动可在外植体的表皮细胞或薄壁细胞中进行,这些细胞逐渐发育成为胚性细胞。胚性细胞分裂活跃,经二细胞、四细胞而发育成为多细胞的胚性细胞团。由显微观察可知,香根草的体细胞胚胎发生是单细胞起源的,成熟的体细胞胚具有单子叶植物典型的胚胎结构。在分化培养基的作用下,体细胞胚组织上所有的胚状体可以出芽而形成再生植株。所建立的香根草体细胞胚胎发生的植株再生体系,完全适用于遗传转化等生物工程方法对离体培养要求。此外,还观察到一些一般只有在双子叶植物才出现的鱼雷形体细胞胚,这是体细胞胚胎发生中的异常现象。认为这种异常胚是离体培养所引起的。     

糜子离体体细胞胚胎发生的组织学研究

利用组织学连续石腊切片的研究方法,观察了糜子组织培养中植株再生的过程,从而证明了植株再生是通过体细胞胚胎发生途径的。结果表明:(1) 糜子成熟胚培养首先从下胚轴及胚根区愈伤组织化;(2) 体细胞胚起源于下胚轴及胚根维管束周围愈伤组织中单个离散的胚性细胞;(3) 糜子离体体细胞胚有与典型禾谷类作物合子胚大致相似的发育过程。     

矮牵牛叶片体细胞胚胎发生发育的组织学观察

以矮牵牛生根试管苗的叶片为外植体,在培养基MS NAA0.1mg/L 6-BA1.6mg/L上诱导体细胞胚胎直接发生。从接种后第一天开始观察叶片愈伤组织发生、发育的外部形态变化,从接种后第七天开始,每隔3天取变化明显的叶片组织块切片观察其胚状体的组织细胞学连续变化。组织切片观察表明,矮牵牛叶片体细胞胚胎发生类似于合子胚的发育过程;矮牵牛体细胞胚起源于叶肉细胞,胚性细胞与非胚性细胞染色明显不同,体细胞胚胎与周边其它组织有明显界线;体细胞胚胎的发育经历胚性细胞、多细胞原胚、球形胚、梨形胚、心形胚、鱼雷胚、类子叶胚等几个阶段。     

黑穗醋栗(Ribes nigrum L.)未受精胚珠培养诱导体细胞胚状体和植株再生的研究

本文报告了黑穗醋栗(Ribes nigrum L.)三个栽培品种中的薄皮黑豆未受精胚珠(花粉发育到单核晚期)在MS基本培养基附加植物激素BA,2.4-D和GA_3中形成了体细胞胚状体。长度约为0.5—1.0cm大小的胚状体在生根培养基中可以形成完整的再生植株。经过筛选得到了体细胞胚性愈伤组织无性系,继代培养二年多仍能保持胚状体形成能力。试验结果表明:诱导体细胞胚胎发生受品种和接种时期的影响,适宜的接种时期为花粉发育到单核晚期。培养基中的BA为诱导胚胎发生和保持胚性愈伤组织无性系所必需。     

大蒜体细胞胚胎发生研究进展

大蒜生产主要靠无性繁殖 ,因此 ,进行大蒜体细胞胚发育研究具有重要意义。本文对大蒜体细胞胚发育的影响因子进行了综述 ,其中较高浓度的维生素B1 及还原态氮源可能有利于胚胎发生 ,而大蒜体细胞内含物则不利于胚胎发生。此外 ,对大蒜体细胞胚培养中存在的主要问题进行了讨论 ,并认为系统开展体细胞胚发生的细胞分子生物学机理研究、建立悬浮培养体系以及进行大蒜体细胞胚无性系变异的研究等 ,具有广阔的前景。     

大蒜体细胞胚胎发生研究进展

大蒜生产主要靠无性繁殖,因此,进行大蒜体细胞胚发育研究具有重要意义。本文对大蒜体细胞胚发育的影响因子进行了综述,其中较高浓度的维生素B1及还原态氮源可能有利于胚胎发生,而大蒜体细胞内含物则不利于胚胎发生。此外,对大蒜体细胞胚培养中存在的主要问题进行了讨论,并认为系统开展体细胞胚发生的细胞分子生物学机理研究、建立悬浮培养体系以及进行大蒜体细胞胚无性系变异的研究等,具有广阔的前景。     

松柏类植物体细胞胚胎发生的研究进展

松柏类植物的体细胞胚胎发生既是繁育的一种手段,又是研究胚胎发育过程中结构、生理和分子事件的一种重要的模式系统.整个体细胞胚胎发生过程主要包括3个步骤:胚性组织的诱导和增殖、体细胞胚的成熟以及体细胞胚的萌发和转换.过去为了提高胚胎发育过程所做的努力主要都集中在胚的成熟阶段,这是因为一直认为能否成功再生的关键在于胚发育成熟阶段的处理.然而,在过去几年里,结合生理生化以及分子生物学的研究发现,胚胎发生的早期阶段对于完成整个发育过程也是至关重要的,早期阶段培养条件的优化可以显著提高培养过程中体细胞胚的数量和质量.此外,萌发过程培养条件的调节对于提高成熟体细胞胚的萌发率和转换率也很重要.因此,这些新的研究成果对于改善松柏类植物体细胞胚胎发生中的胚的诱导率和转换率低的现象具有重要的意义.     

枸杞体细胞胚发生中蛋白质代谢动态的立体计量

以宁夏枸杞无菌苗叶片为材料,离体培养并诱导体细胞胚胎发生。根据细胞形态计量学原理,应用数字图像处理软件计量由光学底片经Ａ／Ｄ转换成的数字图像中的蛋白质大分子,对于枸杞体细胞胚发生过程中蛋白质分子的代谢动态进行了量化处理,并对量化结构分析了蛋白质代谢动态与体细胞胚发生、发育的关系。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.