双生子多巴胺D3受体基因多态性对儿童体成分的影响

均衡的体成分构成对维持机体的健康状态具有重要作用,体成分受遗传与环境因素的共同影响。多巴胺参与摄食、运动及认知等活动的调节,多巴胺D3受体（DRD3）对多巴胺神经通路起关键调节作用,进而对摄食功能发挥作用,从而可能对体成分产生影响。为了解遗传与环境因素对双生子儿童体成分的影响,并探讨DRD3基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与体成分的相关性,对160对4-12岁双生子肱三头肌皮褶厚度（d₁）、肩胛下皮褶厚度（d₂）、髂前上棘位皮褶厚度（d₃）和体质量（m）进行了测量,计算d₄(d₁+d₂)、d₅(d₂/d₁),体脂率（P_f）、瘦体质量（m_l）;从口腔拭子中提取全基因组DNA;通过Amp FISTR Sino filerPlus试剂盒分析确定卵型;采用SNaPshot技术对DRD3基因4个SNP位点进行检测;使用Mx软件估算各指标遗传度;运用广义估计方程模型分析各指标与DRD3基因SNP的相关性。校正年龄效应后,除个别指标（d₃, m_l）外,男女生指标遗传度（h）学龄前期总体偏低,且某些指标（d₂, d₄, P_f, m_l）的遗传度存在一定的性别差异。d₂分别与rs324029、rs226082存在相关（P<0.05）; d₃分别与rs2134655、rs226082存在相关（P<0.05）;d₅分别与rs2134655、rs167771存在相关（P<0.05）;P_f分别与rs226082、rs167771存在相关（P<0.05）;m_l分别与rs2134655、rs226082、rs167771存在相关（P<0.05）。本研究结果表明,遗传和环境因素对儿童体成分发育均有影响,但遗传效应可能存在一定的发育阶段和性别差异;DRD3基因SNPs与儿童的体成分可能存在一定的相关性。     

Piezoelectric properties of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate and copolymers of β-hydroxybutyrate and β-hydroxyvalerate

The shear piezoelectricity was observed in oriented films of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and copolymers of β-hydroxybutyrate (HB) and β-hydroxyvalerate (HV). The piezoelectric stress constant 3₁₄ = e′₁₄ − ie″₁₄ (polarization/strain), the piezoelectric strain constant d₁₄ = d′₁₄ − id″₁₄ (polarization/stress), the elastic constant c = c′ + ic″ and the dielectric constant = ′ − i″ were determined at a frequency of 10 Hz over a temperature range from −150° to +150°C. Piezoelectric relaxations as well as elastic and dielectric relaxations were clearly observed at the glass transition temperature of about 15°C. In order to evaluate the piezoelectric constants (e₂ and d₂) for the piezoelectric phase which consists of the crystalline region and the oriented non-crystalline region, a spherical dispersion two phase model was utilized. Assuming the appropriate fixed values for the elastic and dielectric constants in the piezoelectric phase, d₂ and d₂ were calculated as a function of temperature. For a PHB and a copolymer (17 HV/83 HB), e₂ and d₂ showed relaxations, leading to a conclusion that the instantaneous piezoelectric constant in the crystalline phase is constant independent of temperature but the piezoelectric constant in the oriented non-crystalline phase is relaxational and has the opposite sign. For a copolymer (25 HV/75 HB) and a chloroform treated copolymer (17 HV/83 HB), e₂ and d₂ were constant independent of temperature, indicating that the oriented non-crystalline phase has disappeared owing to the increased molecular flexibility due to copolymerization or annealing in chloroform vapour.     

Structures and magnetism of rubidium and cesium salts of dimeric oxovanadium(IV) tartrate(4−) complexes

Complexes of type A₄[VO(tart)]₂·nH₂O, where A = Rb or Cs and tart =d,l-tartrate(4−) (n = 2) or d,d-tartrate(4−) (n = 2 for Rb and n = 3 for Cs), were prepared from an aqueous mixture of V₂O₅, AOH and H₄tart. These complexes were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods: Rb₄[VO(d,l-tart)]₂·2H₂O, space group P1 with a = 8.156(1),b = 8.246(1),c = 8.719(1)Å, = 66.09(1)°, β = 65.07(1)°, γ = 82.40(1)°,Z = 2, 1917 observed reflections, and final R_w = 0.035; Cs₄[VO(d,l-tart)]₂·2H₂O, space group P₂₁/c with a = 9.350(1),b = 13.728(2),c = 8.479(1)Å, β = 106.77(1)°,Z = 4, 2235 observed reflections, and final R_w = 0.054; Rb₄[VO(d,d-tart)]₂·2H₂O, space group P₄₁₂₂ with a = 8.072(1),c = 32.006(3)Å,Z = 8, 1014 observed reflections and final R_w = 0.038; Cs₄[VO(d,d-tart)]₂·3H₂O, space group P₁₂₂ with a = 8.184(1),c = 33.680(5)Å,Z = 8, 1310 observed reflections, and final R_w = 0.063. Bulk magnetic susceptibility data (1.5–300 K) for these compounds and A₄[VOl,l-tart)]₂·nH₂O (A = Rb, Cs) were obtained on polycrystalline samples. These data were analyzed in terms of a Van Vleck exchange coupled S = 1/2 model which was modified to include an interdimer exchange parameters Θ. Analysis of the low-temperature (1.5–20 K) susceptibility data gave 2J = +1.30 cm⁻¹ and Θ = −1.86 K for Rb₄[VO(d,l-tart)]₂·2H₂O, 2J = +1.16 cm⁻¹ and Θ = −1.69 K for Cs₄[VO(d,l-tart)]₂·2H₂O, 2J = +1.90 cm⁻¹ and Θ = −0.82 K for Rb₄[VO(d,d-tart)]₂·2H₂O, 2J = +2.04 cm⁻¹ and Θ = −0.80 K for Rb₄[VO(l,l-tart)]₂·2H₂O, 2J = +1.52 cm⁻¹ and Θ = −0.25 K for Cs₄[VO(d,d-tart)]₂·3H₂O, and 2J = +1.64 cm⁻¹ and Θ = −0.31 K for Cs₄[VO(l,l-tart)]₂·3H₂O. These results suggest the magnitudes of intradimer (ferromagnetic and interdimer (antiferromagnetic) exchange interactions are similar in these complexes, as observed for the analogous Na salts.     

外源GA3对毛竹实生苗茎秆生长及CesA基因表达的影响

以毛竹实生苗为试验材料,研究不同浓度外源GA₃（0,0.1,0.5,1 μmol·L^-1）对毛竹生长及CesA基因表达的影响。结果表明,与未经GA₃处理相比,施用外源GA₃后,毛竹实生苗茎节间和纤维细胞显著伸长,初生壁纤维素合成相关基因PeCesA2和PeCesA6相对表达量明显上调,次生壁相关基因PeCESA4和PeCESA4-1显著下调,傅里叶红外光谱分析（FTIR）,发现毛竹茎秆纤维素特征峰强度（1 060,1 160及1 373 cm^-1）随着GA₃浓度升高而逐渐增强,表明施用外源GA₃能够影响毛竹茎秆CesA基因表达,PeCesA2和PeCesA6的表达与外源GA₃促进纤维细胞伸长的过程存在一定联系。     

Cytochrome oxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. IV. Reaction with oxygen and carbon monoxide

The reaction between a cytochrome oxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and oxygen has been studied by a rapid mixing technique. The data indicate that the heme d₁ moiety of the ascorbate-reduced enzyme is oxidized faster than the heme c component. The oxidation of heme d₁ is accurately second order with respect to oxygen and has a rate constant of 5.7 · 10⁴ M⁻¹ · s⁻¹ at 20 °C. The oxidation of the heme c has a first-order rate constant of about 8 s⁻¹ at infinite concentration of O₂. The results indicate that the rate-limiting step is the internal transfer of electrons from heme c to heme d₁. These more rapid reactions are followed by more complicated but smaller absorbance changes whose origin is still not clear.

The reaction of ascorbate-reduced oxidase with CO has also been studied and is second order with a rate constant of 1.8 · 10⁴ M⁻¹ · s⁻¹. The initial reaction with CO is followed by a slower reaction of significantly less magnitude. The equilibrium constant for the reaction with CO, calculated as a dissociation constant from titrimetric experiments with dithionite-reduced oxidase, is about 2.3 · 10⁻⁶ M. From these data a rate constant of 0.041 s⁻¹ can be calculated for the dissociation of CO from the enzyme.     

Internode length in Pisum. III The effect and interaction of the Na/na and Le/le gene differences on endogenous gibberellin-like substances

In the garden pea ( Pisum sativum L.), shoots of the extremely short plants with the mutant na (phenotype nana) are found by bioassay to contain undetectable levels of gibberellin-like substances. This is confirmed by the use of near isogenic lines differing at the Na locus. Thus, mutant na appears to block a step early in the pathway of gibberellin synthesis. It is suggested that the polar gibberellin-like substance found in the apical portion of shoots of tall ( Le ) but not dwarf ( le ) peas could be GA₁. Extracts of shoots of na Le peas treated with GA₂₀ (the major active gibberellin in dwarf peas) possess a large amount of GA₁-like activity whereas extracts of shoots of na le peas treated with GA₂₀ possess a much reduced amount. Thus, gene Le may allow the conversion of a less active gibberellin (GA₂₀) into one more active in stimulating elongation in the pea (the GA₁-like compound). In contrast to their influence in the shoot, the na and Le genes do not appear to be operative in controlling the gibberellin content of developing seed, indicating that organ specific gibberellin biosynthesis and metabolism occur in peas.     

GA3与EDTA强化黑麦草修复Pb污染土壤及其解毒机制

采用盆栽土培方法研究了生长调节剂GA₃和重金属螯合剂EDTA强化黑麦草修复Pb外源浓度分别为250和500 mg·kg^-1的污染土壤以及黑麦草Pb解毒机制.结果表明： 细胞壁沉积和液泡区室化在黑麦草地上部分Pb的解毒中起重要作用.EDTA单独使用提高了植物体内Pb的浓度和Pb在细胞可溶组分和细胞器组分中的比例,增强了Pb对植物的毒害作用,从而使植物生物量显著下降(P<0.05).叶面喷洒低浓度GA₃(1或10 μmol·L^-1)显著促进黑麦草对Pb的富集,但Pb在细胞器组分中的比例降低,缓解了Pb对植物细胞的伤害,从而促进了黑麦草的生长(P<0.05),其中1 μmol·L^-1 GA₃作用最显著.100 μmol·L^-1 GA₃降低了黑麦草体内Pb浓度,但Pb在细胞可溶组分和细胞器组分中的比例提高,使黑麦草的生物量明显低于对照.低浓度GA₃可在一定程度上缓解Pb和/或EDTA对黑麦草的毒害,生物量表现为低浓度GA₃ 单独>低浓度GA₃+EDTA>EDTA单独使用.低浓度GA₃和EDTA联用时的协同作用强化了黑麦草对Pb的富集,其中,在外源Pb浓度为500 mg·kg^-1处理组中,EDTA+1 μmol·L^-1 GA₃使黑麦草地上部分Pb浓度和提取效率分别达到1250.6 mg·kg^-1和1.1%.因此,1 μmol·L^-1 GA₃与EDTA联用在强化Pb污染土壤植物修复中具有很好的应用潜力.     

GA3与EDTA强化黑麦草修复Pb污染土壤及其解毒机制

采用盆栽土培方法研究了生长调节剂GA₃和重金属螯合剂EDTA强化黑麦草修复Pb外源浓度分别为250和500 mg·kg^-1的污染土壤以及黑麦草Pb解毒机制.结果表明： 细胞壁沉积和液泡区室化在黑麦草地上部分Pb的解毒中起重要作用.EDTA单独使用提高了植物体内Pb的浓度和Pb在细胞可溶组分和细胞器组分中的比例,增强了Pb对植物的毒害作用,从而使植物生物量显著下降(P<0.05).叶面喷洒低浓度GA₃(1或10 μmol·L^-1)显著促进黑麦草对Pb的富集,但Pb在细胞器组分中的比例降低,缓解了Pb对植物细胞的伤害,从而促进了黑麦草的生长(P<0.05),其中1 μmol·L^-1 GA₃作用最显著.100 μmol·L^-1 GA₃降低了黑麦草体内Pb浓度,但Pb在细胞可溶组分和细胞器组分中的比例提高,使黑麦草的生物量明显低于对照.低浓度GA₃可在一定程度上缓解Pb和/或EDTA对黑麦草的毒害,生物量表现为低浓度GA₃ 单独>低浓度GA₃+EDTA>EDTA单独使用.低浓度GA₃和EDTA联用时的协同作用强化了黑麦草对Pb的富集,其中,在外源Pb浓度为500 mg·kg^-1处理组中,EDTA+1 μmol·L^-1 GA₃使黑麦草地上部分Pb浓度和提取效率分别达到1250.6 mg·kg^-1和1.1%.因此,1 μmol·L^-1 GA₃与EDTA联用在强化Pb污染土壤植物修复中具有很好的应用潜力.     

Crystal and molecular structure of μ-oxo-bis((5,10,15,20)tetrakispentafluorophenyl)porphinatoiron(III)

In this paper, we report the crystal and molecular structure of μ-oxo-bis(5,10,15,20)tetrakispentafluorophenyl)porphinatoiron(III) [(TPP(F₅)Fe)₂O]. The crystals belong to the tetragonal system, space group I4₁/a, with a =b = 26.362(7),c = 30.886(8)Å,V = 21465ų,Z = 8 and D_calc = 1.496. Discrepancy indices are R₁ = 0.084 and R₂ = 0.104 for 3320 reflections having I3σ(I). The FeN_p average distance, 2.088(11)Å, is at the long end of the range of high-spin ferric porphyrin while the FeO distances (1.775(1)Å) are similar to those of the non-halogenated analog (TPPFe)₂O. The FeOFe angle of 178.4(5)° shows an essentially linear oxo bridge. The 0.673(2)Ådisplacement of the iron atom from the porphyrin mean plane is unusually large. The facing porphyrin rings are twisted 47° with respect of each other giving the molecule nearly exact D_4d symmetry.     

6-BA、GA3调控春石斛花芽分化的效应

调查了春石斛假鳞茎封顶和增粗的生长情况,并以不同浓度6-BA、GA₃溶液进行灌根处理,观测其对花芽分化的效应。结果表明,假鳞茎的增粗阶段在9月15日至10月10日,经过约50 d增粗生长,假鳞茎粗度迅速增加。其间,6-BA、6-BA+GA₃处理对春石斛花芽分化有促进作用。3种6-BA浓度作用效果明显,最佳为400 mg/L;6-BA添加低浓度GA₃,对花芽分化有增效作用,其中以6-BA 200 mg/L添加GA₃ 50 mg/L效果最佳。GA₃作用效果不稳定,浓度为25 mg/L时叶片脱落不明显,高于50 mg/L则叶片大量脱落。     

The respiratory chain of Azotobacter vinelandii II. The effect of cyanide on cytochrome d

1. Cyanide causes a slow disappearance of the oxidized band (648 nm) of cytochrome d in particles of Azotobacter vinelandii and inhibits the appearance of the reduced band (631 nm). No effect of cyanide is found on the reduced band of cytochrome d.

2. The kinetics of the disappearance of the 648-nm band of cytochrome d with excess cyanide deviates from first-order kinetics at lower temperatures (22 °C) indicating that at least two conformations of the enzyme are involved. At higher temperatures (32 °C) the observed kinetics of the cyanide reaction are first order with a k_on = 0.7 M⁻¹·s⁻¹ and with an estimated k_off of approximately 5·10⁻⁵ s⁻¹.

3. The value of the k_off (7·10⁻⁴−14·10⁻⁴ s⁻¹ at 32 °C) determined from the rate of reduction of cyanocytochrome d by Na₂S₂O₄ or NADH is one order of magnitude larger than the k_off value found when the enzyme is in its oxidized state.

4. No effect of cyanide is found on the spectrum of cytochrome a₁.     

不同栽培措施对降香黄檀内源激素含量的影响

为了了解不同栽培措施对降香黄檀叶片内源激素的影响,本研究通过铺设修枝、移植、钾肥、乙烯4个试验,分析各处理叶片激素含量特征。结果表明：修枝实验中,重度修枝处理IAA、GA₃、ZR、ABA含量均最大,分别为69.849、6.619、8.805、77.998 ng·g^-1。移植各处理中,去冠移处理IAA、ZR含量最高分别为73.195和9.472 ng·g^-1,而其ABA含量最低为52.001 ng·g^-1,GA₃含量最高的为断根处理8.418 ng·g^-1。IAA、ZR、GA₃含量K1钾肥配比最高分别为75.188、8.383、6.127 ng·g^-1;ABA最大含量71.082 ng·g^-1为CK处理。乙烯试验中,CK处理的IAA、GA₃含量最高分别为47.762、4.967 ng·g^-1;E2.5%处理的ABA含量96.94 ng·g^-1最高。E0.1%处理的ZR含量最高为9.378 ng·g^-1。修枝对GA₃/ABA和ZR/GA₃影响较大,其最小值分别比最大值降低了29.7%、19.0%。移植对IAA/ABA、GA₃/ABA影响较大,最小值比最大值依次降低了52.47%和51.47%。树干注射乙烯和钾肥对IAA/ABA、GA₃/ABA影响较大,乙烯试验最小值分别比最大值降低了55.4%、49.2%,钾肥试验最小值分别比最大值降低了48.8%和37.1%。     

枇杷叶片胚性愈伤组织诱导与内源激素含量的关系

为揭示胚性愈伤组织发生过程中内源激素的变化规律,本研究以枇杷叶片为实验材料,通过诱导胚性愈伤组织获得体细胞胚,采用高效液相色谱法测定枇杷叶片及愈伤组织的赤霉素（GA₃）、生长素（IAA）、脱落酸（ABA）和玉米素（ZT）4种内源激素的含量,探讨胚性愈伤组织发育过程中4种内源激素的动态变化。结果显示,不同成熟度叶片内IAA/ZT比值对胚性愈伤组织的发生有正效应,而GA₃/IAA的比值具有负效应。胚性愈伤组织的发生需要较低含量的GA₃及高含量的IAA和ABA,IAA/ZT比值高有利于胚性愈伤组织形成,培养后期及时添加一定量的外源激素有利于胚性保持。本研究可为离体培养时选择外植体、添加外源激素及控制继代时间提供理论指导,并为快速获得枇杷胚性材料、开展基因转化研究奠定基础。     

刺楸种子层积过程中内源植物激素的动态变化及激素在种子休眠中的作用

本文主要以高效液相色谱为主要手段,结合生物测定方法,测定了4种不同层积条件下激素动态变化。结果表明刺楸干种子中存在有两种抑制物质-脱落酸(ABA)和香豆素(C),在种子层积的不同阶段又相继有GA₃,IAA和Z出现,并在层积后熟过程中呈现非常有规律的变化。根据激素的变化,可把种子整个后熟过程分三个阶段;即阶段Ⅰ,以抑制物质(ABA,C)和IAA水平迅速减少为主要特征,阶段Ⅱ主要表现为GA₃和Z合量的上升,阶段Ⅲ各种激素处于相对稳定的状态。种子的休眠与否可能主要取决于阶段Ⅱ的状况。在刺楸种子胚形态后熟期间,胚的生长与分化同ABA和C水平有很高的相关性,但同时也受GA₃和IAA的调节。生理后熟主要与Z有关,同ABA和C无明显相关性。同时本文还对激素相对水平做了初步研究,发现GA₃/ABA+IAA,Z/GA₃+IAA和GA₃/C+IAA^*,在种子后熟期间的变化同胚生长发育存在高度的一致性。认为激素的相对水平对种子休眠起重要的控制作用,还推测激素的作用可能类似于"板机"机制。     

冷激诱导高温胁迫下番茄幼苗矮化机理

为了探明冷激诱导高温胁迫下番茄幼苗矮化的机理,育苗期间,每天8:00对幼苗分别进行5、10、15 ℃持续时间依次为10、20、30 min的冷激处理,测试了不同冷激强度下番茄幼苗乙烯释放速率,研究了冷激处理T10 ℃ D10 min(10 ℃持续10 min)结合不同生长调节物质对番茄幼苗乙烯释放速率、赤霉素(GA₃)含量和幼苗生长特性的影响.结果表明： 冷激处理刺激了番茄幼苗乙烯的产生,随着冷激温度的降低和冷激时间的延长,冷激诱导乙烯释放的效应显著增强.5 ℃持续30 min的冷激处理番茄幼苗乙烯产生速率最大,达到60.3 nL·h^-1·g^-1,为对照的6.5倍;乙烯利(ETH)、硫代硫酸银(STS)、GA₃和多效唑(PP333)均不能完全阻止冷激处理T10 ℃D10 min诱发的高乙烯产生率.冷激处理T10 ℃D10 min番茄幼苗茎叶GA₃含量为80.8 μg·g^-1,与对照(130.6 μg·g^-1)相比降低了38.1%.喷施ETH、STS对冷激诱发的幼苗矮化效应无显著影响,而GA₃显著减弱了冷激的矮化效应,PP333显著增强了冷激的矮化效应.以株高作为衡量指标,浓度为4.0 mg·L^-1的PP333处理,相当于10 ℃冷激处理.冷激诱导的番茄幼苗矮化效应主要原因在于冷激降低了番茄幼苗茎叶GA₃的含量.T10 ℃ D10 min可以在降低幼苗株高的同时不降低幼苗干物质的积累.     

福建闽南地区汉族与畲族的指长比

本文旨在研究福建闽南地区汉族和畲族指长比(R)的特点。随机选择福建闽南地区汉族506例（男性173例,女性333例）,畲族450例（男性231例,女性219例）,采用体质测量法,测量并计算左右侧6项指长比（R_2/3、R_2/4、R_2/5、R_3/4、R_3/5、R_4/5）。福建闽南地区汉族和畲族左、右侧指长比均呈R_2/3<R_2/4<R_3/4<R_2/5<R_4/5<R_3/5的趋势;汉族女性指长比左侧R_2/3、R_2/4、R_2/5、R_3/4、R_3/5和右侧R_2/3、R_2/4、R_2/5高于汉族男性（P<0.05）;畲族女性指长比左侧的R_2/3、R_2/4、R_2/5和右侧R_2/3、R_2/4高于畲族男性（P<0.05）;畲族男性指长比左、右侧R_2/3、R_2/4、R_2/5、R_3/5、R_4/5高于汉族男性（P<0.05）;畲族女性指长比左侧R_2/3、R_2/4和右侧R_2/3、R_2/4、R_2/5、R_4/5高于汉族女性（P<0.05）。同民族不同性别两侧R_2/4百分比分布差异有统计学意义,不同民族同性别右侧R_2/4百分比分布差异有统计学意义。福建闽南地区汉族和畲族指长比存在性别、侧别的不同,与其他地区、族群也存在差异。     

Solid substrate cultivation of Gibberella fujikuroi on an inert support

Growth of Gibberella fujikuroi on Amberlite, an inert support, and gibberellic acid (GA₃) production was studied in glass columns under different conditions of temperature and water activity (a_w). Maximum biomass concentration and GA₃ production were respectively 40 (mg/g inert support) and 0.73 (mg/g inert support). While high specific growth rates were obtained, low initial nitrogen resulted in low biomass concentrations. Maximum GA₃ (31°C, a_w=0.985) was not produced by the maximum concentration of biomass (25°C, a_w=0.992). Peaks in the rate curves of either outlet gas, CO₂ or O₂, occurred on exhaustion of urea indicating, for future works, just when to feed the culture additional nitrogen.     

粗茎秦艽种子粗提物与破眠方法研究

为了探究影响粗茎秦艽（Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.）种子休眠的因素,破除休眠,寻找其种子快速萌发的方法,以干燥的粗茎秦艽种子为材料,测定种子吸水率及粗提物的活性,使用不同浓度的赤霉素（GA₃）、高锰酸钾（KMnO₄）、聚乙二醇（PEG6000）和过氧化氢（H₂O₂）溶液进行浸种处理,比较不同处理条件对粗茎秦艽种子萌发的影响。结果显示,粗茎秦艽种皮对种子吸水没有明显阻碍作用;不同浓度的种子粗提物对白菜、小麦的萌发和生长均表现出抑制作用;不同浓度的粗提物对粗茎秦艽种子自身的萌发也表现出一定的抑制作用,当粗提物浓度达到0.1 g/mL时,抑制作用最显著（P < 0.05）;高锰酸钾处理可提高粗茎秦艽种子的萌发率,浓度为1.5%时效果较显著（P < 0.05）,而过氧化氢处理对粗茎秦艽种子的萌发效果不如前者,此外,用500 mg/L的赤霉素浸种和300 mg/L的聚乙二醇预处理也可显著打破粗茎秦艽种子休眠（P < 0.01）。研究结果表明粗茎秦艽种子的内源抑制物是影响其休眠的因素之一;种皮的机械阻碍也在一定程度上影响了种子萌发;粗茎秦艽种子具有综合性休眠特性。高锰酸钾预处理、赤霉素浸种和聚乙二醇引发均可打破种子休眠、缩短种子出芽时间,提高种子的发芽能力。     

Endogenous gibberellins in young seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars

Gibberellins A₁, A₃, A₄ and A₇ were identified by combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in leaf and stem tissues of 17-day-old seedlings of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ), cvs Siete Cerros (semi-dwarf, Rht1) and Møystad (tall), of F₁, hybrids from the cross Møystad × Siete Cerros and of 2 selected lines from the cross Møystad x Sonora 64 (Rht1 and Rht2). GA, and GA, were identified by full scan mass spectra separately in all 5 extracts, GA₄ and GA₇, were identified by selected ion monitoring in a bulked fraction. About 90% of the biological activity (Tan-ginbozu dwarf rice bioassay) in all 5 extracts was due to the GA₁/GA₃-fraction.     

体育专业大学生指长比及其波动性不对称的特征

为探讨体育专业大学生指长比及其波动性不对称的特征,进而为体质人类学和优秀运动员身体形态特征的研究积累基础资料,本研究特招募374名18~25岁发育正常的汉族在校大学生为研究对象,按照专业和性别分为男生体育组（n=60）、男生普系组（n=143）、女生体育组（n=61）和女生普系组（n=110）,计算各个指长比及两侧指长比的波动不对称值并进行检验。结果显示男生体育组与男生普系组之间的指长比（R）存在统计学差异（P<0.05）,差异主要表现在R_2/5、R_3/5和R_4/5上,而女生体育组与女生普系组之间的指长比不存在统计学差异（P>0.05）。结果还显示男生体育组与男生普系组之间的偏差(σ)存在统计学差异（P<0.05）,差异主要表现在σ_2/3和σ_2/3上。而女生的指长比偏差在体育组与普系组之间不存在统计学差异（P>0.05）。通过分析讨论提示出大学生指长比及指长比偏差与性别和运动能力有关,R_3/5及σ_3/5可能与早期生长发育过程中的性激素的暴露水平有关,而且有望成为运动员选材的新生物标记。