He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射小麦细胞膜的影响

采用He-Ne激光 5mW·mm-2 辐照方法,对增强UV-B 10.08kJ·m-2·d-1 辐射小麦细胞膜损伤进行修复的研究.结果表明:经He-Ne激光和UV-B复合处理后,小麦细胞膜表面电荷的电泳速度高于UV-B处理组,小麦的MDA含量比单独UV-B辐射后的低,SOD酶的活性增强.说明He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射复合处理后可使小麦的氧化酶活性增强,从而使MDA的浓度降低,小麦细胞膜损伤得到了一定程度的修复.     

增强UV-B及He-Ne激光对小麦幼苗"翘根"现象的诱导与修复机制

采用He-Ne激光(5 mW.mm-2)辐照方法,对增强UV-B(10.08 kJ.m-2.d-1)辐射小麦‘93-4736’幼苗损伤进行修复研究。结果表明:增强UV-B辐射导致小麦根细胞有丝分裂减弱,降低根尖吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性,增加根弯曲部位H 外流,引起小麦“翘根”现象。而He-Ne激光辐照处理增强UV-B辐射后的小麦,可增加根尖吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性,减少根弯曲部位H 外流,减轻“翘根”现象的发生。说明增强UV-B辐射对小麦根尖生长素的影响是造成小麦“翘根”现象形成的重要原因之一,He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射造成的小麦“翘根”损伤有一定程度的修复作用。     

激光、~(60)Co—r射线对草毒生物效应的研究

本实验用CO_2激光功率密度10.44W/cm~2、3.40W/cm~2,一次10秒及再次6、10、14秒处理草莓、茎尖外植体,可使多数处理的无性后代,产量提高或品质改善。He—Ne激光输出功率10.6mW,原光斑照射30、40秒,也有与CO_2激光相似效应。~(60)Co—r射线吸收剂量193Gy,单独处理及与He—Ne激光30秒复合处理,可改善果实品质,He—Ne激光对~(60)Co—r射线的辐射损伤有修复作用。     

He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射对小麦幼叶叶绿素荧光和Rubisco活化酶的影响

选用小麦‘ML7113’品种为材料,人工模拟He-Ne激光(5mJ·s-1·mm-2)、增强UV-B(10.8kJ·m-2·d-1)辐射及两者复合辐照进行处理,利用叶绿素荧光仪、考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法和PCR技术研究7d龄小麦幼苗叶绿素荧光特性、Rubisco活化酶含量、基因表达量及其基因序列的变化。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,增强UV-B辐射后,小麦幼苗叶绿素荧光特性减弱,Rubisco活化酶含量及其基因表达量均下降;而低剂量的He-Ne激光辐照后能够在一定程度上修复经UV-B辐射后对小麦幼苗叶绿素荧光特性所造成的损伤,且使Rubisco活化酶含量及其基因表达量上升。(2)与对照组相比,经He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射以及两者复合辐照处理后基因序列均出现两个相同的点突变,但并未造成氨基酸序列的变化。研究认为,低剂量He-Ne激光辐照能够在一定程度上修复受UV-B辐射小麦幼苗叶绿素荧光活性、Rubisco活化酶含量及其基因表达量的降低;He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射对小麦幼苗Rubisco活化酶活性的影响可能发生在其转录水平,从而使小麦光合能力发生相应的变化。     

He-Ne激光对小麦幼苗增强UV-B辐射损伤的修复研究

分别采用5mW·mm-2He-Ne激光辐照和增强UV-B辐射(10.08kJ·m-2·d-1)及其二者组合对晋麦8号小麦幼苗进行处理,5d后测定各处理幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白、硝酸还原酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性的变化以分析He-Ne激光对小麦幼苗受增强UV-B损伤的修复作用.结果显示:He-Ne激光辐照可使UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗叶片的可溶性蛋白含量增加,谷氨酸脱氢酶活性增强,而使硝酸还原酶活性先升高后降低.表明小麦幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白、谷氨酸脱氢酶、硝酸还原酶的变化同小麦幼苗损伤修复的能力相关,一定剂量的He-Ne激光辐照可部分修复增强UV-B对小麦幼苗氮代谢水平的辐射损伤.     

He—Ne激光辐照与UV-B辐射对小麦幼苗细胞器中Na^＋／K^＋-ATP酶活性的影响

分别采用5mJ·s^-1·mm^-2He-Ne激光辐照、10．08kJ·m·^-2,d^-1增强UV-B辐射及二者组合对小麦（Triticum aestivum）晋麦8号（Triticum aestivum‘Jinmai8’）幼苗进行处理。第5天开始测定各处理小麦幼苗叶片中线粒体、叶绿体及细胞溶质中Na^＋／K^＋-ATP酶活性的变化。结果表明,随着处理天数的增加,小麦幼苗叶片线粒体、叶绿体及细胞溶质中Na^＋／K^＋-ATP酶活性均在第6天下降,第7天升高,而后又逐渐下降。在处理的第7天,仅He—Ne激光辐照可使小麦幼苗叶片线粒体、叶绿体及细胞溶质中Na^＋／K^＋-ATP酶活性升高：增强UV-B辐射使各细胞器中Na^＋／K^＋-ATP酶活性下降：复合处理后小麦各细胞器中Na^＋／K^＋-ATP酶活性均高于UV-B单独辐射处理。实验结果表明,一定剂量的He-Ne激光辐照能够部分修复UV-B辐射对小麦幼苗细胞器中Na^＋／K^＋-ATP酶造成的损伤。     

激光和γ射线复合处理对水稻胚芽中17种氨基酸含量的影响

用２８、５６ｒｄγ射线单一和加５、１５、２５ｍｉｎＮ＿２激光处理水稻干糙米,经发芽后,测定各处理胚芽中１７种氨基酸的含量,结果表明：两种剂量的γ射线单一处理均能使所测１７种氨基酸中的多数,其含量降低。而加适当剂量的Ｎ＿２激光辐照,可使多数氨基酸的含量得到回升,甚至超过对照。这些研究结果表明：一定剂量的激光对于因γ射线辐射引起的氨基酸含量降低的异常生化现象,具有修复作用。     

He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射小麦幼苗叶绿体的影响

对“晋麦8号”小麦幼苗分别采用5 mW·mm^-2 He-Ne激光辐照、10.08 kJ·m^-2·d^-1增强UV-B辐射及二者组合进行处理,研究各处理组小麦幼苗叶绿体膜透性、叶绿体蛋白质含量以及叶绿体偶联因子CF-1的ATP酶活性、希尔反应的活性变化。结果表明：UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗叶绿体膜透性增加,叶绿体蛋白质含量有一定的下降,而ATP酶活性、希尔反应的活性均受到抑制。经过He-Ne激光辐照可使叶绿体膜透性降低、叶绿体蛋白质含量有一定的升高,同时ATP酶活性、希尔反应的活性也受到部分激活。这些变化说明增强UV-B辐射引起小麦幼苗叶绿体损伤,而一定剂量的He-Ne激光辐照可部分修复增强UV-B对小麦幼苗光合系统的损伤。     

He-Ne激光对UV-B辐射小麦幼苗抗氧化系统的影响

分别采用5 mW.mm-2He-Ne激光辐照、10.08 kJ.m-2.d-1的UV-B辐射及二者组合对‘晋麦8号’小麦幼苗进行处理,5 d后测定各处理幼苗叶片超氧阴离子(O 2)产生速率,丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、抗坏血酸(AsA)及类胡萝卜素(Car)的变化,分析He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射引起小麦损伤的修复效应。结果显示:He-Ne激光辐照可使UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗超氧阴离子的产生速率和MDA含量均减小,GR和APX活性升高,AsA和Car含量增加。表明超氧阴离子的产生速率、MDA、GR、APX、AsA和Car变化同小麦幼苗损伤修复的能力相关,一定剂量的He-Ne激光辐照可部分修复增强UV-B对小麦幼苗抗氧化系统的辐射损伤。     

He-Ne 激光辐照与UV-B 辐射对小麦幼苗细胞器中Na+/K+-ATP 酶活性的影响

分别采用5 mJ.s^-1.mm^-2 He-Ne激光辐照、10.08 kJ.m^-2.d^-1增强UV-B辐射及二者组合对小麦(Triticum aestivum)晋麦8号(Triticum aestivum ‘Jinmai8’)幼苗进行处理。第5 天开始测定各处理小麦幼苗叶片中线粒体、叶绿体及细胞溶质中Na⁺/K⁺-ATP酶活性的变化。结果表明, 随着处理天数的增加, 小麦幼苗叶片线粒体、叶绿体及细胞溶质中Na⁺/K⁺-ATP酶活性均在第6天下降, 第7天升高, 而后又逐渐下降。在处理的第7天, 仅He-Ne激光辐照可使小麦幼苗叶片线粒体、叶绿体及细胞溶质中Na⁺/K⁺-ATP酶活性升高; 增强UV-B辐射使各细胞器中Na⁺/K⁺-ATP酶活性下降; 复合处理后小麦各细胞器中Na⁺/K⁺-ATP酶活性均高于UV-B单独辐射处理。实验结果表明 , 一定剂量的He-Ne激光辐照能够部分修复UV-B辐射对小麦幼苗细胞器中Na^+/K⁺-ATP酶造成的损伤。     

应用酯酶同工酶技术分析激光处理小麦的诱变效应

用He—Ne、Ar~+和CO_23种激光分别辐照小麦浙麦3号干种子,以不处理为对照(CK),在三叶期分别提取酯酶,应用等电聚焦聚丙烯酰胺疑胶(SDS—PAGE)电泳分析其酯酶同工酶,电泳模式表明,He—Ne激光、Ar~+激光处理后出现的酶谱同对照一样,主要集中在Ⅲ区,并有4条相同酶带(Rf=0.88、0.78、0.75和0.71),而CO_2激光处理则出现了16条酶带,其中8条分布在Ⅲ区,6条分布在Ⅱ区,2条分布在Ⅰ区。电泳分析表明,不同激光的诱变效应为:CO_2>He—Ne>Ar~+>CK。     

Morphological changes and antioxidant defence systems in soybean genotypes as affected by salt stress

Abstract

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate salt tolerance in nine genotypes of soybean (Glycine max L.). Ten-day-old seedlings, grown hydroponically, were treated with 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mM NaCl for five days. Growth, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated. Growth, measured in terms of length, fresh weight and dry weight of plants, was drastically reduced in PK-416, while there was little effect of NaCl treatment on Pusa-37 genotype of soybean. A high level of lipid peroxidation was observed in PK-416 as indicated by increased level of malondialdehyde. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase were maximum in Pusa-37 where 9-fold, 1-fold, 5-fold and 6-fold increases over control were observed, respectively. The results suggested that PK-416 and Pusa-37 are salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant genotypes of soybean, respectively, and antioxidant defence systems involved in conferring the sensitiveness and tolerance in these genotypes.     

CO2／盐冲击对小麦幼苗呼吸酶活性的影响

以不同抗盐小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.)为材料 ,研究了 CO2 /盐冲击对幼苗生长状况、叶绿素含量、光呼吸和三羧酸循环 (TCAC)关键酶活性的影响。结果表明 :Na Cl抑制小麦生长 ,而 CO2 促进生长 ,这种效应盐处理植株比非盐处理植株明显 ;Na Cl降低叶绿素含量 ,CO2 可使其轻微提高 ;盐对普通小麦TCAC中的异柠檬酸脱氢酶 (IDH)、琥珀酸脱氢酶 (SDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶 (MDH)和光呼吸中的乙醇酸氧化酶 (GO)、羟基丙酮酸还原酶 (HPR)有刺激作用 ,CO2 则抑制它们的活性。抗盐小麦对 CO2 /盐冲击的反应与普通小麦有差别。结果可以说明 ,CO2 能够减轻 Na Cl对植物的毒害效应     

激光照射对蓖麻蚕酯酶同工酶的影响

本文采用三种不同波长不同形式的激光照射蓖麻蚕蚕卵,经孵化后的幼虫在五龄期第二天取血,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对血液中酯酶同工酶进行分析,并与对照组比较,结果表明:激光照射后的各组均发生不同的变化,说明经激光照射后能够诱发蓖麻蚕的遗传变异。     

Enzymatic characterization of arginine esterase from dog seminal plasma

Previously purified arginine esterase from dog seminal plasma was characterized enzymatically. The enzyme was found to have a rather narrow specificity for arginine esters, much less for lysine esters and was practically devoid of activity towards tyrosine esters, casein, albumin and azocoll. It had a broad optimum pH between 8 and 9. It presented no kallikrein-like activities either in the blood pressure test in dog or in the rat uterus contraction test. It was inhibited by bovine pancreas trypsin inhibitor, aprotinin, phenylalanylprolyl arginine chloromethyl ketone, diisopropylfluorophosphate, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, sodium dodecyl sulfate and leupeptin, but not by soybean trypsin inhibitor, tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone, tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone, iodoacetamide, Triton X-100 and EDTA. Experiments involving incubation of prostatic cytosol with purified arginine esterase showed that actin was the only important prostatic protein that was extensively hydrolyzed by this enzyme. It is not known presently whether the hydrolysis of actin is related to a true physiological function of the enzyme and whether actin and arginine esterase ever come into contact with each other in vivo. These properties indicate that arginine esterase from dog seminal plasma is different from other known proteinases including classical kallikreins, although it presents many similarities with this class of enzyme.     

甘肃省大豆品种生育期组的划分及地理分布研究

甘肃省地域广大,地形复杂,气候多样,大豆品种资源丰富,但甘肃各地大豆品种生育期生态类型并不明确.本试验以25份MG 0～Ⅴ的北美大豆生育期组标准品种为对照,将从甘肃各地收集到的151个大豆品种在甘肃境内5个生态区进行生育期性状鉴定和生育期组划分.结果 表明,甘肃地区种植的大豆品种的生育期组在MG 00和MGⅥ之间.在所...     

优异大豆组合郑州135/泗豆2号的育种贡献

郑州135×泗豆2号是黄淮海地区衍生大豆品种最多的组合之一,以郑州135×泗豆2号及其衍生种质为亲本材料在全国8个省市选育出87个通过省审或国审的大豆品种,其中国审品种39个、高蛋白品种20个、高油品种11个,获省部级以上奖13项。郑州135和泗豆2号的育种贡献,证明了优异种质资源在育种中的重要作用。本文就种质创新提出几点思考和建议,以期为大豆育种提供参考。     

Investigations of the esterase, phosphatase, and sulfatase activities of the cytosolic mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, and XIII with 4-nitrophenyl esters as substrates

The esterase, phosphatase, and sulfatase activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isozymes, CA I, II, and XIII with 4-nitrophenyl esters as substrates was investigated. These enzymes show esterase activity with 4-nitrophenyl acetate as substrate, with second order rate constants in the range of 753-7706M(-1)s(-1), being less effective as phosphatases (k(cat)/K(M) in the range of 14.89-1374.40M(-1)s(-1)) and totally ineffective sulfatases. The esterase/phosphatase activities were inhibited by sulfonamide CA inhibitors, proving that the zinc-hydroxide mechanism responsible for the CO(2) hydrase activities of CAs is also responsible for their esterase/phosphatase activity. CA XIII was the most effective esterase and phosphatase. CA XIII might catalyze other physiological reactions than CO(2) hydration, based on its relevant phosphatase activity.