火焰兰的种子培养和试管育苗

1植物名称火焰兰(Renanthera CoCCinea). 2材料类别种子. 3培养条件种子萌发培养基:(1)VW;(2)VW 100 mL·L-1椰子乳;(3)KC;(4)KC 100 mL·L-1椰子乳(5)1/2MS;(6)MS.生根育苗培养基:(7)3 g·L-1花宝1号(美国Haponex公司产品,N:P:K=7:6:19) 2 g·L-1蛋白胨 2 g·L-1活性炭 0.5 mg·L-1NAA 0.2 mg·L-16-BA;(8)1 g·L-1花宝1号 1 g·L-1花宝2号(N:P:K=20:20:20) 2 g·L-1蛋白胨 2 g·L-1活性炭 0.5 mg·L-1NAA 0.2 mg·L-16-BA.以上培养基均附加1.5%蔗糖、0.6%琼脂,pH 5.2～5.4.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照度1 500～2000lx,光照时间12 h·d-1.     

NaCl胁迫对超大甜椒种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以超大甜椒种子和幼苗为材料,采用水培法研究低、中、高浓度(50、150、250 mmol·L-1)NaCl胁迫对其种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果显示:(1)低浓度NaCl处理促进种子萌发,而中、高浓度NaCl处理抑制种子萌发;NaCl处理第18天时,高浓度NaCl处理植株全部死亡,其余各处理植株苗高、叶面积、地上部鲜重和干重均随处理浓度升高而下降,但低浓度NaCl能刺激超大甜椒的根系生长.(2)低、中浓度NaCl处理时,植株叶绿素含量未受到大的影响,类胡萝卜素含量却随胁迫时间延长微量升高;在盐胁迫7 d的周期内,低、中浓度NaCl处理植株MDA含量、SOD活性和可溶性糖含量均随浓度升高及时间延长显著增加,脯氨酸含量在低浓度下变化不明显而中浓度下显著升高;在高浓度NaCl处理3 d中,MDA含量急剧升高,SOD活性先升高后下降,脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著增加.研究发现,NaCl胁迫浓度越高对超大甜椒种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制效应越明显;低中浓度NaCl处理幼苗能通过自身的抗氧化酶清除系统和渗透调节物质来抵抗胁迫引起伤害,类胡萝卜素可能也有一定的抗胁迫作用,而高浓度NaCl处理增加了膜脂过氧化程度,严重影响了活性氧和渗透调节物质的正常代谢.     

Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Sopubia delphinifolia - a Hemi-root Parasite: Germination Requirements

Requirements for seed germination (emergence of radicle) andseedling formation (emergence of both radicle and cotyledons)of a hemi-root parasite Sopubia delphinifolia were studied inthe absence of any host stimulus, in Petri dish and asepticcultures. Both water washing in trickling tap water as wellas cold treatment were effective in inducing/stimulating germinationand seedling formation in the light. Although ethrel, an ethylenereleasing compound, stimulated radicle emergence it inhibitedthe emergence of the cotyledons. Light was found to be essentialfor germination; none of the growth substances could replacethe light requirement. Light responses seem to be mediated throughthe phytochrome system. The results indicate that the emergenceof the radicle, its further growth into the root and the emergenceof cotyledons are controlled by different factors. Sopubia delphinifolia, hemi-root parasite, seed germination requirements, pretreatment, seedling formation     

赤霉素和光对拟南芥种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以拟南芥的赤霉素 (GA)缺陷型突变体ga 1,ga 2 ,ga 3和GA不敏感型突变体ga i为材料 ,研究了光和 4种GA对拟南芥种子萌发和幼苗生长影响的相互关系。结果表明 :(1)烯效唑对ga i种子萌发的抑制在光下可明显被GA恢复 ,而在黑暗中GA的作用不明显。 (2 )在光下低浓度的外源GA3 可使ga 1,ga 2和ga 3的种子萌发 ,而在黑暗中同样浓度的GA3 则难以使种子萌发。 (3)光可以降低种子萌发所需求的GA的剂量。 (4 )ga i和ga 1的幼苗的呼吸代谢有明显差异。以上结果说明 :光对拟南芥种子萌发的促进主要是提高了种子对GA反应的敏感性而不是增加GA的生物合成     

化学药剂对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以早丰 11号水稻种子为材料 ,用KNO3、KH2 PO4 、Na2 HPO4 等不同药液浸种 .结果显示 ,早丰 11号种子在适当浓度的KNO3、KH2 PO4 、Na2 HPO4 浸种后 ,发芽势、发芽率比对照有所提高 ,幼苗生长加快 ,表现在根长、发根数、苗高、鲜重比对照生长好 ,并且对水稻秧苗表现有抵抗低温的作用 .     

NaCl胁迫对糯玉米种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

采用InfoStat软件中DGC方差分析法,研究不同浓度NaCl对糯玉米种子发芽和幼苗生长影响的结果表明,随着NaCl浓度的增加,糯玉米的种子发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、发芽速度以及苗高和根长均下降,而发芽时间延长,根苗比升高,活性氧清除能力显著降低,膜系统受损严重。     

磁化水对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理特性的生物学效应

为研究磁化水对作物的生物学效应,本文详细分析了磁化水处理对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。研究结果显示：磁化水处理小麦的种子发芽参数与对照相比无显著差异;磁化水处理对小麦的株高、根长、地上部和根部鲜重等生长参数也无显著影响;同样,磁化水处理在叶片色素含量、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量、含水量、细胞汁液渗透势等重要生理特征参数方面也未显示出显著差异。此外,磁化水并未显著影响小麦叶片的光合作用。综上所述,磁化水处理对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长无明显的生物学效应。     

Modeling Analysis on Germination and Seedling Growth Using Ultrasound Seed Pretreatment in Switchgrass

Switchgrass is a perennial C4 plant with great potential as a bioenergy source and, thus, a high demand for establishment from seed. This research investigated the effects of ultrasound treatment on germination and seedling growth in switchgrass. Using an orthogonal matrix design, conditions for the ultrasound pretreatment in switchgrass seed, including sonication time (factor A), sonication temperature (factor B) and ultrasound output power (factor C), were optimized for germinating and stimulating seedling growth (indicated as plumular and radicular lengths) through modeling analysis. The results indicate that sonication temperature (B) was the most effective factor for germination, whereas output power (C) had the largest effect on seedling growth when ultrasound treatment was used. Combined with the analyses of range, variance and models, the final optimal ultrasonic treatment conditions were sonication for 22.5 min at 39.7°C and at an output power of 348 W, which provided the greatest germination percentage and best seedling growth. For this study, the orthogonal matrix design was an efficient method for optimizing the conditions of ultrasound seed treatment on switchgrass. The electrical conductivity of seed leachates in three experimental groups (control, soaked in water only, and ultrasound treatment) was determined to investigate the effects of ultrasound on seeds and eliminate the effect of water in the ultrasound treatments. The results showed that the electrical conductivity of seed leachates during either ultrasound treatment or water bath treatment was significantly higher than that of the control, and that the ultrasound treatment had positive effects on switchgrass seeds.     

航天搭载对小桐子种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究了航天搭载对两个种源地小桐子种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:航天搭载降低了种子的活力;在幼苗生长方面,航天搭载对小桐子幼苗的成苗率没有显著影响,航天搭载扩大了版纳种源当代幼苗株高及地径的变异范围,对元阳种当代幼苗的株高及地径影响不明显.这说兑叫不同种源地的植物对太空环境的反应有所不同.本研究为航天技术有效的运用于小桐子诱变育种提供依据.     

葡萄糖对干旱胁迫下小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的调节作用

干旱胁迫会抑制小麦种子的萌发及生长,20%聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫的同时施以不同浓度的外源葡萄糖处理小麦种子,探讨外源葡萄糖对干旱胁迫下小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。14 h光照/10 h黑暗的光周期培养条件下,较低浓度的葡萄糖(0.02 mmol/L和0.05 mmol/L)促进了干旱胁迫下小麦种子的萌发及幼苗生长,但较高浓度的葡萄糖(0.1 mmol/L,0.2 mmol/L及0.5 mmol/L)加强了干旱胁迫对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制效应;而在黑暗条件下培养,葡萄糖的上述调节作用消失。以上结果说明葡萄糖对干旱胁迫下小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的调节作用具有浓度效应,并且依赖于光。     

SA浸种对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以小麦盐敏感品种鲁麦15为材料,研究了外源水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)浸种对100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。研究结果表明:盐胁迫下,无论经SA浸种还是未经SA浸种,小麦幼苗的生长均受到明显抑制,干、鲜重显著下降;0.1 mmol/L、0.2 mmol/L和0.3 mmol/L SA溶液浸种均能显著缓解NaCl胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的抑制,其中以0.2 mmol/L SA溶液浸种预处理效果最好。实验中,0.2 mmol/L SA浸种可显著提高盐胁迫下小麦种子β-淀粉酶的活性和吸胀速率。此外,与未经SA浸种的盐胁迫小麦幼苗相比,0.2 mmol/L SA浸种的盐胁迫小麦幼苗整株的干、鲜重显著增加,幼苗体内Na~+含量降低,K~+含量和K~+/Na~+比值显著提高;同时,小麦幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性升高,而丙二醛(MDA)含量则显著降低。由此可以得出,SA浸种能有效提高盐胁迫下小麦幼苗体内K~+/Na~+比值,提高SOD、CAT和POD的活性,减轻膜脂过氧化程度,以缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的抑制作用,从而提高耐盐性。     

外源一氧化氮供体浸种对玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

外源一氧化氮供体硝普钠浸种可以提高玉米种子的发芽率,浓度为10、100、1000、2000μmol·L-1时,促进幼苗地上部和根的伸长生长,且有利于玉米侧根发生,幼苗叶片中的硝酸还原酶的活性也提高.以100μmol·L-1的硝普钠处理的综合效果最好.     

Characters of Cysteine Endopeptidases in Wheat Endosperm during Seed Germination and Subsequent Seedling Growth

The endopeptidases （EPs） in wheat endosperm during seed germination and subsequent seedling growth were characterized by gradient-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with gelatin copolymerized into the gel. Four cysteine EPs （EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4） were detected in wheat endosperm during the 7 d growth after seed imbibition. The results also showed that the activities of all of these EPs increased continuously, and EP2 first appeared and had the highest proteolytic activity among the four EPs in this experimental process. The optimum pH and temperature of all four EPs were 4.0 and 40.0 ~C. All EPs were completely inhibited by 25 μmol/L E-64 and had no good thermal stabilities, especially EP1. In addition, these EPs had different substrate specificities to albumins, globulins, gliadins and glutenins; the main storage proteins of mature wheat endosperm. Among them, EP2 had the highest proteolytic activities on globulins, gliadins and glutenins, and might be the most important and specific EP with potential to be tightly correlated with seedling development.     

Hg2+与POD复合处理对小麦萌发及幼苗生长的影响

通过水培实验研究了0、10、20、50、70和100mg·L-1Hg2 和65 U·mL-1的过氧化物酶(POD)混合浸种对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)萌发及幼苗生长过程中的10个形态和生理生化指标的影响.结果表明:施加外源POD可明显提高种子发芽率、植株日均增重和幼苗叶片的可溶性蛋白含量,增加幼苗叶片内源超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和POD的活性,拈抗Hg2 胁迫对种子发芽率、苗高、日均增重及叶片可溶性蛋白含量的不利影响,Hg2 浓度较高时(≥50mg·L-1),对种子发芽率和日均增重的拮抗作用更明显,并对较低浓度Hg2 (≤20 mg·L-1)胁迫引起的叶片SOD活性的上升和低于100 mg·L-1的Hg2 胁迫引起的叶片POD活性的上升有进一步的促进作用;然而对幼苗平均最长根长度、侧根数和幼苗叶片叶绿素含量则无明显影响.     

Effect of Vanadium on Testa,Seed Germination,and Subsequent Seedling Growth of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Seed germination is the critical initial phase in the life cycle of plant and it is affected by various exogenous factors, including heavy metals. Seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) incubated in glass Petri dish in presence of elevated concentrations of pentavalent vanadium V(V) solution (0, 0.1, 0.5, 2, 4, 10, 50 mg L⁻¹ V, supplied as NaVO₃·2H₂O) were evaluated. Results showed that vanadium did not (P > 0.05) affect seed germination, final survival rate, and seedling height of alfalfa when exogenously treated dosages were ≤ 10 mg L⁻¹ V, whereas the root vitality and root elongation were distinctly inhibited at ≥ 0.5 mg L⁻¹ V treatments. A progressively deepened testa color at increasing vanadium concentrations during germination and an apparent modified structure of the seed coat at 50 mg L⁻¹ V compared to control in alfalfa were noted. Alfalfa seeds showed rapid and almost synchronous radicle emergence, independently of the vanadium concentration in the medium. The accumulation of vanadium in testa is beneficial to alleviate its toxicity to the seed germination of alfalfa. Leaf proline content was dramatically increased at ≥ 0.5 mg L⁻¹ V treatments compared with the control. Emerged seedlings displayed enough vigor and health to potentially colonize in the vanadium-contained matrix. Thus, alfalfa represents a good candidate for phytoremediation approach aimed at decontaminating environments when vanadium concentrations are within the determined thresholds.

     

镉胁迫对矮牵牛种子萌发、幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用营养液培养的方法研究了不同浓度镉Cd（0、1、2和4 mmol·L^-1）处理对矮牵牛（Petunia hybrida）种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果发现：与对照相比,较低浓度（1 mmol·L^-1）Cd处理下矮牵牛种子萌发和幼苗生长均显著被抑制,当Cd浓度增至4 mmol·L^-1时完全抑制了矮牵牛种子的萌发。Cd胁迫在低浓度时激活矮牵牛幼苗叶片过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,而高浓度产生抑制效应;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性与对照相比均显著升高,丙二醛（MDA）含量无显著变化。不同浓度的乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)的加入使4 mmol·L^-1 Cd胁迫下矮牵牛幼苗叶片POD和APX活性增加,但不影响SOD和CAT活性;此外,6 mmol·L^-1 EDTA使Cd胁迫下矮牵牛幼苗叶片中MDA含量增加。结果表明,Cd胁迫抑制矮牵牛种子萌发和幼苗生长,却使幼苗叶片POD、CAT和APX活性增加,EDTA的加入能够进一步提高Cd胁迫幼苗POD和APX活性。因此,矮牵牛幼苗在Cd胁迫下具有较强的抗氧化损伤的能力。     

光照、温度和土壤水分对孜然芹种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

连续光照和连续黑暗条件下,孜然芹种子萌发最适宜温度为25℃;16h光照18h黑暗的条件下,萌发最适温度为20℃和25/16℃的日夜变温。种子萌发最适宜土壤含水量为15％。     

Enhancement of Wheat Seed Germination,Seedling Growth and Nutritional Properties of Wheat Plantlet Juice by Plasma Activated Water

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Previous studies have shown the great potential of using plasma-activated water (PAW) on improving agriculture seed germination, however, information on the...     

影响翅果油树种子萌发及幼苗生长的几种因素的比较研究

通过对翅果油树种子进行了适温处理、变温处理、激光处理、超声波处理、H₂O₂处理、PEG处理,对发芽实验进行研究,然后测定发芽率、发芽势、萌发指数、根长、芽长、株高、茎粗以及叶绿素含量。萌发实验的结果表明, 变温预处理和PEG预处理能最有效地解除抑制物对种子萌发的影响,对种子进行变温处理和PEG处理是解除种子休眠和提高萌发率的有效途径。本实验为促进濒危植物翅果油树的种群繁衍以及对翅果油树的可持续利用提供一定的科学依据。     

壳聚糖包衣对油菜种子萌发和幼苗生长以及几个生理生化指标的影响

不同酸溶剂与不同分子量壳聚糖包衣均促进油菜种子萌发和幼苗生长。其中壳聚糖无机酸溶剂包衣种子发芽率及幼苗生化等指标优于有机酸溶剂 ;小分子量壳聚糖包衣优于大、中分子量的。壳聚糖包衣处理有促进植物生长之功能