潜叶蜂族研究(膜翅目:叶峰科)(英文)

本文记述中国潜叶蜂族Fenusini6属8种,其中包括2新属6新种及4新组合种：大眼郑潜叶蜂Zhenginamegommagen．etsp．nov,吕氏华潜叶蜂Sinofeunsaluigen．etsp．nov,黑鳞丝潜叶蜂Messanigrotegulasp．nov,痕缝脊潜叶蜂Parnavestigialissp．nov,沟缝脊潜叶蜂Parnadistinctasp．nov,黄首原潜叶蜂Profenusaxanthocephalasp．nov．;槭树雅潜叶蜂Anafsnusaacericola（Xiao1992）comb．nov。恢复臀潜叶蜂属AfusaMalaise,将ParafenusaZhelochovtsev（1976）降为AfusaMalaise1964的次异名,原Paarafenusa属下的种类移入Afusa属,建立3个新组合：Afusapruni（Zhelochovtsev1976）comb．nov,Afusacerasi（Zhelochovtsev1976）comb．nov,Afusamaharibiana（Zhelochovtsev1976）comb．nov。新属新种附有主要形态特征图。文中还编制了潜叶蜂族的已知底检索表和Profenusa,Anafeausa,Parna属的已知种检索表。雅潜叶蜂属Anafenusa和脊潜叶蜂属Parna为中国新纪录属。迄今,潜叶蜂族已知24属约60种;中国已记述12属22种。     

Synonymy of Plotococcus Miller & Denno with Leptococcus Reyne, and description of a new species from Colombia (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Plotococcus Miller & Denno is synonymized with Leptococcus Reyne (Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). The genus is redescribed and the adult female of the type species, L. metroxyli Reyne, is redescribed and illustrated. All species hitherto included in Plotococcus are transferred to Leptococcus as L. capixaba (Kondo) comb. nov., L. eugeniae (Miller & Denno) comb. nov., L. hambletoni (Kondo) comb. nov., L. minutus (Hempel) comb. nov., and L. neotropicus (Williams & Granara de Willink) comb. nov. A new species of Leptococcus, L. rodmani Kondo sp. n., from leaves of Guarea guidonia (Meliaceae) from Colombia, is described and illustrated based on the adult female. A revised key to adult females of all species in the genus is provided.     

A new genus of oak gallwasps, Zapatella Pujade-Villar & Melika, gen. n., with a description of two new species from the Neotropics (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini)

A new genus of cynipid oak gallwasp, Zapatella Pujade-Villar & Melika, gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with two new species, Zapatella grahami Pujade-Villar & Melika, sp. n. and Zapatella nievesaldreyi Melika & Pujade-Villar, sp. n., is described from the Neotropics. Zapatella grahami,known only from the sexual generation,induces galls in acorns of Quercus costaricensis and is currently known only from Costa Rica. Zapatella nievesaldreyi, known only from the asexual generation, induces inconspicuous galls in twigs of Quercus humboldtii, and is known only from Colombia. Diagnostic characters for both new species are given in detail. Five Nearctic species are transferred from Callirhytis to Zapatella: Zapatella cryptica (Weld), comb. n., Zapatella herberti (Weld), comb. n., Zapatella oblata (Weld), comb. n., Zapatella quercusmedullae (Ashmead), comb. n.,Zapatella quercusphellos (Osten Sacken), comb. n. (= Zapatella quercussimilis (Bassett), syn. n.). A key based on adults for the species belonging to Zapatella is also given. Generic limits and morphological characteristics of Zapatella and closely related genera are discussed.     

A generic revision of the Phallodrilinae (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae)

The generic classification of the subfamily Phallodrilinae (with a total of 252 species) is revised according to phylogenetic principles. Morphological character patterns are assessed under the principle of maximum parsimony, but due to the poor resolution and instability in the resulting cladograms, the analysis is supplemented with intuitive weighting of synapomorphic similarities. Thirty-one genera are recognized. The former definition of the type genus Phallodrilus Picrantoni, 1902, is revised and the members of this genus are reclassified into 20 taxa, each hypothesized to be monophyletic: Phallodrilus s.str . (revised to contain the type species only), Somalidrilus gcn.n., Milliganius gen.n., Phallodriloides gen.n., Albanidrilus gen.n., Abyssidrilus gen.n., Paraktedrilus gen.n., Uniporodrilus Erséus, 1979, Inermidrilus gen.n., Gianius gen.n., Mexidrilus gen.n., Peosidrilus Baker & Erséus, 1979, Atlantidrilus Erséus, 1983, Thalassodrilus Brinkhurst, 1963, Pirodrilus gen.n., Pirodriloides gen.n., Marionidrilus gen.n., Pectinodrilus gen.n., Pacifidrilus gen.n. and Pseudospiridion gen.n. Nine new species are described from the Northwest Atlantic: Phallodriloides pinnulatus sp.n., Abyssidrilus opulentus sp.n., A. potens sp.n., A. altoides sp.n., Mexidrilus obtusus sp.n., Peosidrilus dalei sp.n., P. aduncus sp.n., P. riseri sp.n., and Atlantidrilus hamulus sp.n. The genus Discordiprostatus Baker, 1982, is synonymized with Nootkadrilus Baker, 1982.     

Pseudempleurosoma gibsoni n. sp., a new ancyrocephalid monogenean from Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Sciaenidae) from off the southeastern coast of Brazil

Pseudempleurosoma gibsoni n. sp. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) is described from the oesophagus of Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steindachner) from off the coast of Brazil. The type-species of Pseudempleurosoma Yamaguti, 1965, P. carangis Yamaguti, 1965, is redescribed and the diagnosis of the genus is amended. Metadiplectanotrema Gerasev et al. 1987 is considered synonym of Pseudempleurosoma. This genus now contains four species, including P. carangis, P. caranxi Gerasev et al., 1987 n. comb., P. myripristi Gerasev et al., 1987 n. comb. and the one new species.     

Parapsylla, a Gondwanan element in the psyllid fauna of southern Africa (Homoptera)

The genus Parapsylla (Homoptera: Psylloidea) is redescribed and placed in the Diaphorininae of the Family Aphalaridae. Its relationships within this subfamily are discussed. The genus Agmapsylla syn. nov. is placed into the synonymy of Parapsylla , and Pennavena syn. nov. and Eudiaphorina syn. nov. are placed into the synonymy of Diaphorina. The eight known species of Parapsylla are distributed in southern Africa and upland areas of East Africa. Host plant relationships are not clearly established but the genus appears to be associated with species of Maytenus (Celastraceae), Olinia (Oliniaceae) and possibly Olea (Oleaceae) and Syzygium (Myrtaceae). Parapsylla relicta syn. nov, and A. aureus syn. nov. are placed into the synonymy of Arytaina capensis. Parapsylla capensis comb. nov. is transferred from Arytaina, Parapsylla valens comb. nov. is transferred from Diaphorina , and the following new species are described: P. angolensis sp. nov., P. eafra sp. nov., P. huila sp. nov., P. marginipennis sp. nov., P. rufa sp. nov. and P. theroni sp. nov.     

The West Indian species of Encyrtidae described by L. D. Howard, 1894 and 1897 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

Abstract. The following species of encyrtids described by Howard (1894, 1897) from St Vincent and Grenada are redescribed or dealt with in some other way. The current generic placements and synonymies are indicated in parentheses. Archinus occupants (Archinus), Aphycus amoenus (Metaphycus comb.n.), Aratus scutellatus (= brasiliensis Subba Rao syn.n., Zeteticontus), Blastothrix insolitus ( Anagyrus comb .n. ), Bothriothorax insularis (Zeteticontus), Cerchysius terebratus (Anagyrus), Cerchysius pulchricornis (Anagyrus), Chieloneurus funiculus (= cupreicollis Ashmead syn.n., Cheiloneurus), Cheiloneurus nigrescens (= longisetaceus De Santis syn.n., Cheiloneurus), Copidosoma diversicomis (Apoanagyrus comb.n.), Encyrtus argentipes (Zaomma), Encyrtus crassus (= Encyrtus gargaris Walker syn.n. = Giraultella lopesi Costa Lima & Ferreira syn. n, Coelopencyrtus comb.n.), Encyrtus conformis (Encyrtus), Encyrtus convexus (= Encyrtus nitidus (Howard) syn. n.), Encyrtus flaviclavus (Encyrtus), Encyrtus hirtus (Hunterellus comb.n.), Encyrtus moderatus (= Adelencyrtus femoralis Compere & Annecke syn. n. = Adelencyrtus miyarai Tachikawa syn. n., Adelencyrtus comb.n.), Encyrtus nitidus (= Protyndarichus proximus De Santis syn. n., Protyndarichus comb.n.), Encyrtus quadricolor (Encyrtus), Encyrtus rotundiformis (Psyllaephagus comb.n.), Encyrtus sordidus (Forcipestricis comb.n.), Encyrtus submetallicus (Ooencyrtus), Habrolepoidea glauca (Habrolepoidea) and Homalopoda cristata (Homalopoda). Xiphomastix De Santis is synonymized with Anagyrus Howards (syn. n.), both included species ( X. nigriceps De Santis and X. bellator De Santis) being transferred to the latter. Propsyllaephagus Blanchard is synonymized with Psyllaephagus Ashmead (syn.n), Aratiscus laevigatus De Santis is transferred to Zeteticontus Silvestri (comb n.) and a key to the South American species of the genus is provided.     

Review of Australasian spider flies (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a revision of Panops Lamarck

The Australasian spider flies (Diptera: Acroceridae) are reviewed, with all eight currently recognized genera diagnosed and figured. The panopine genus Panops Lamarck, 1804 from Australia and Indonesia is revised with four new species described, increasing the total number of species in the genus to nine: Panops aurumsp. n., Panops danielsisp. n., Panops jadesp. n. and Panops schlingerisp. n. Five species of Panops are redescribed: Panops austrae Neboiss, 1971, Panops baudini Lamarck, 1804, Panops boharti (Schlinger, 1959), comb. n., Panops conspicuus (Brunetti, 1926) and Panops grossi (Neboiss, 1971), comb. n. The monotypic genera Neopanops Schlinger, 1959 and Panocalda Neboiss, 1971 are synonymized with Panops. Keys to genera of Australasian Acroceridae and species of Panops, Helle Osten Sacken, 1896 and Australasian Pterodontia Gray, 1832 are included.     

Review of the family Anthribidae (Coleoptera) from the Jurassic of Karatau: Subfamily Protoscelinae. Genus Protoscelis Medvedev

The subfamily Protoscelinae from the Middle to Late Jurassic of Karatau is transferred from the family Chrysomelidae to the family Anthribidae. The genus Protoscelis, comprising five species, is reviewed. Males and females of the genus are described and keys to the identification of male and female specimens are provided. The new species P. medvedevi sp. nov. is described. The generic names Cerambyomima Medvedev, 1968, Pseudomegamerus Medvedev, 1968 and Protosceloides Medvedev, 1968 are synonymized under Protoscelis Medvedev, 1968, and the species Pseudomegamerus grandis Medvedev, 1968 is synonymized under Cerambyomima longicornis Medvedev, 1968. The new combinations Protoscelis longicornis (Medvedev, 1968) comb. nov. and P. nitidicornis (Medvedev, 1968) comb. nov. are established.     

Taxonomic revision of the genus Phryganogryllacris (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) from China

A taxonomic revision of the genus Phryganogryllacris Karny, 1937 is provided. Twelve species of the genus from China are recorded, including 5 species described as new to science, namely P. sichuanensis Li, Liu Li, sp. nov., P. parva Li, Liu Li, sp. nov., P. truncata Li, Liu Li, sp. nov., P. interrupta Li, Liu Li, sp. nov. and P. longicerca Li, Liu Li, sp. nov. Two new combinations are also reported here, P. gialai(Gorochov, 2004)(Vietnam) comb. nov. and P. alia(Gorochov, 2004)(Vietnam) comb. nov. A key to Chinese species of the genus was provided.     

Systematics of species referred to the genus Angiostrongylus

Based on morphological criteria of the male bursa, angiostrongylid nematodes often placed in the genus Angiostrongylus Kamensky (1905) were found to be heterogeneous, comprising species which are relegated to 5 distinct genera: Angiostrongylus Kamensky, 1905 (syn. Haemostrongylus Railliet and Henry, 1907); Parastrongylus Baylis, 1928 (syn. Pulmonema Chen, 1935, Rattostrongylus Schulz, 1951, Morerastrongylus Chabaud, 1972, Chabaudistrongylus Kontrimavichus and Delyamure, 1979); Angiocaulus Schulz, Orlov and Kutass, 1933; Gallegostrongylus Mas-Coma, 1977 (syn. Thaistrongylus Ohbayashi, Kamiya and Bhaibulaya, 1979 n. syn); and Stefanskostrongylus Drozdz, 1970. These genera all contain species located primarily in specific host groups: Angiostrongylus in carnivores; Parastrongylus in rodents (Muridae), Angiocaulus in mustelids; Rodentocaulus in rodents (Cricetinae), Gallegostrongylus in rodents (Muridae), and Stefanskostrongylus in insectivores. Species in each genus include: Angiostrongylus (A. vasorum, A. raillieti, A. chabaudi); Parastrongylus (P. tateronae, P. cantonensis, P. mackerrasae, P. sandarsae, P. sciuri, P. petrowi n. comb., P. dujardini, P. schmidti, P. costaricensis n. comb., P. malaysiensis n. comb., P. ryjikovi n. comb., P. siamensis n. comb.); Angiocaulus (A. gubernaculatus, A. ten n. comb., A. sp. Caballero, 1951); Rodentocaulus (R. ondatrae) and Gallegostrongylus (G. ibicensis, G. andersoni, G. harinasutai n. comb.). Angiostrongylus pulmonalis is likely similar to Stefanskostrongylus soricis and is transferred to this genus. Angiostrongylus minutus is removed to Stefanskostrongylus.     

Encarsia or Encarsiella? – redefining generic limits based on morphological and molecular evidence (Hymenoptera,Aphelinidae)

Abstract.  The genus Encarsiella ( syn.n. ) (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Aphelinidae) is synonymized with Encarsia on the basis of molecular and morphological characters. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted of the D2 expansion region of the 28S ribosomal DNA including thirty-eight Encarsia species. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed a polyphyletic origin of Encarsiella and confirmed the results of earlier analyses indicating the paraphyly of Encarsia . Four species are described as new ( Encarsia bifasciata sp.n. , E. caelata sp.n. , E. obliqua sp.n. and E. pilosa sp.n. ). The following species are transferred from Encarsiella to Encarsia : Encarsia aleurodici ( Girault, 1916 ) comb.n. , E. amabilis ( Huang & Polaszek, 1998 ) comb.n. , E. boswelli ( Girault, 1915 ) comb.n. , E. magniclava ( Girault, 1915 ) comb.n. , E. narroi Gómez & García comb.n. , E. nepalensis ( Polaszek & Hayat, 1992 ) comb.n. , E. noyesi ( Hayat, 1983 ) comb.n. , E. pithecura ( Polaszek, 1999 ) comb.n. , E. tachii ( Polaszek & Hayat, 1992 ) comb.n. , E. taiwanensis ( Chou & Chou, 1994 ) comb.n. and E. tamaulipeca ( Myartseva & Coronado-Blanco, 2002 ) comb.n. The generic limits of Encarsia are re-defined based on a re-assessment of morphological characters, and the results are discussed with respect to the current classification of the aphelinid subfamily Coccophaginae.     

A revision of the chigger mite genus Paratrombicula Goff & Whitaker, 1984 (Acari: Trombiculidae), with the description of two new species

The monotypic chigger mite genus Paratrombicula Goff & Whitaker, 1984 is expanded to include five species. Two new species of chiggers, parasitising iguanid lizards in Chile, Paratrombicula chilensis n. sp. and P. goffi n. sp., are described, and two species, P. neuquenensis (Goff & Gettinger, 1995) n. comb. and Paratrombicula plaumanni (Brennan & Jones, 1964) n. comb., are transferred to this genus from Parasecia Loomis, 1966 and Neotrombicula Hirst, 1925, respectively. A key to the species of Paratrombicula is presented.     

Four new species of Provanna Dall (Prosobranchia,Cerithiacea?) from East Pacific hydrothermal sites

Four new species of Provanna Dall, 1918 are described from East Pacific hydrothermal sites: Provanna ios sp.n., P. goniata sp.n., P. echinata sp.n. and P. variabilis sp.n. The type species of Provanna, P. Iomana Dall, 1918 and Trichotropis (Cerithioderma) pacifica Dall, 1908. which here is transferred to Provanna , are the only additional species known of the genus. Results of some preliminary anatomical investigations are given and a tentative position in the Cerithiacea is suggested. The four new species were collected by manned submersibles from sites of hydrothermal activity; P. Iomana has been dredged on two occasions only. from an area known for hydrothermal activity and we assume that the type- and only known locality for P. pacifica also is affected by hydrothermal acitivity.     

Pseudobalta, a New Australian Ovoviviparous Cockroach Genus (Dictyoptera: Blattaria: Blattellidae: Pseudophyllodromiinae)

Pseudobalta , a new blattellid genus, is described. It differs from oviparous Balta Tepper in being ovoviviparous and the male having a tergal gland on the first abdominal segment. Pseudobalta comprises two species previously placed in Balta (P. pusilla (Hebard) comb.n. and P. cinctella (Hebard) comb.n.) and P. queenslandica sp.n. This is the fourth known blattellid, and the second taxon in the Pseudophyllodromiinae, that reproduces by ovoviviparity.     

Thinempis, a new genus from Australia and New Zealand (Diptera: Empididae), with notes on the tribal classification of the Empidinae

The genus Thinempis (Diptera: Empididae) is newly described and includes six species, four from Australia – T.austera sp.n., T.esperance sp.n., T.minuta sp.n., and T.turimetta sp.n., and two from New Zealand – T.otakouensis (Miller) comb.n., and T.takaka sp.n. It occurs in coastal habitats and is defined by a unique synapomorphy, a modified triangular female oviscapt (tergum 10). However, the genus shows variable expression in characters considered to be of higher taxonomic importance in the Empidinae. The tribes Hilarini and Empidini are discussed and redefined.     

Capsalids (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from marine fishes off Okinawa in Japan with the proposal of two new genera

Molecular studies of the Capsalidae suggested that the genus Benedenia is polyphyletic, but a taxonomic organization of the genus that reflects molecular data has not yet been proposed. As a result of molecular analysis (28S rDNA, ITS1–5.8S-ITS2, and cox1 data) including specimens of Benedeniinae newly obtained from Okinawa-jima Island in Japan, two new genera and the revival of Tareenia independent to the genus Benedenia are proposed. Gracilobenedenia n. gen. is distinguished from the other genera of Benedeniinae based on morphological characteristics. This new genus comprises 6 species: G. lutjani n. comb. (type species), G. anticavaginata n. comb., G. rohdei n. comb., G. beverleyburtonae n. comb., G. kuremibai n. gen., n. sp., and G. hichi n. gen., n. sp. Armatobenedenia n. gen. is a monotypic genus for A. armata n. comb. The present molecular phylogenetic analysis showed the independence of Tareenia, and it can be morphologically separated from the other benedeniines. Four species including two new species obtained from Okinawa-jima Island are reported: G. kuremibai n. sp., G. hichi n. sp., G. lutjani n. comb., and Metabenedeniella parva. Furthermore, in the species identification and phylogenetic analysis of capsalids, the usefulness of not only the 28S rDNA but also ITS and the cox1 regions was suggested. These genes were evaluated the efficacy of those regions in DNA barcoding, and the ITS and cox1 regions shown to be useful for DNA barcoding in capsalids compared to the 28S rDNA sequence.