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1.
K T Wieringa 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》1966,32(2):183-186
2.
Prof. Dr. A. Urbanek S. Razmadhan M. Jaworska 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》1989,4(2):91-94
A procedure is described for measuring the rate of biooxidation of elemental sulphur in nutrient solutions. Results of preliminary measurements of sulphur bio-oxidation rate in a dynamic system are presented. The rate of sulphur bio-oxidation has been determined at the level of 0.02–0.05 g of sulphur per m2 of sulphur per h.List of Symbols
C g/dm3
concentration of sulphate ions
-
C
2 g/dm3
concentration of sulphate ions in withdrawn solution
-
C g/dm3
C difference between solution outlet and inlet to sulphur bed
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F m2
sulphur surface exposed to bacteria action
-
m g
mass of elemental sulphur
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V dm3
volume of solution
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V
0 dm3/h
volume of fresh solution supplied to the set
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V
1 dm3/h
circulating solution flow rate
-
V
2 dm3/h
volume of solution withdrawn
-
h
time
Abbreviations RBES
rate of bio-oxidation of elemental sulphur 相似文献
3.
Oxidation of micronized elemental sulphur in soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. J. Chapman 《Plant and Soil》1989,116(1):69-76
The rate of oxidation of micronized elemental sulphur in three soils was measured over a range of temperatures between 2 and
20°C. Temperature had a marked effect with a Q10 (temperature coefficient) between 1.9–3.1. The period for 50% oxidation varied between 6–10 days at 20°C to between 36–42
days at 2°C. All the oxidation curves showed an initial lag. At 20°C the oxidation rate was four times that of flowers of
sulphur and was related to the smaller particle size. Additives (wetting and dispersing agents) in the commercial micronized
sulphur preparation used (‘Thiovit’) were inhibitory at high concentrations but stimulatory at low concentrations. The significance
to field conditions is discussed. 相似文献
4.
Fässler E Stauffer W Gupta SK Schulin R 《International journal of phytoremediation》2012,14(7):681-690
The application of elemental sulphur (S) to heavy metal contaminated soils is a strategy to increase metal extraction by plants. Here, we examined to which degree the efficiency of phytoextraction could be enhanced by increasing the S application rate on afield where S had already been applied for 6 years. For this purpose, the field experiment was continued for another two years doubling the S application rate on half of the S treatment plots, while continuing application at the previous rate on the other half. Doubling the application rate significantly accelerated the dissolution of calcite and the decrease in soil pH and also increased cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) uptake by sunflower and tobacco. But even in a best-case-scenario remediation of the site would still take more than a century. The results indicate that we reached the maximum potential of S application to enhance metal phytoextraction on the study site. Further decrease in pH by additional S applications would bear an excessive risk of decreasing yields and increasing metal leaching out of the root zone. 相似文献
5.
Plant and Soil - Brown soil formed from loamy clay was examined for its ability to produce sulphate from added elemental suphur. At higher rates of sulphur applications the pH of a slightly acid... 相似文献
6.
The role of soil microbes in plant sulphur nutrition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chemical and spectroscopic studies have shown that in agricultural soils most of the soil sulphur (>95%) is present as sulphate esters or as carbon-bonded sulphur (sulphonates or amino acid sulphur), rather than inorganic sulphate. Plant sulphur nutrition depends primarily on the uptake of inorganic sulphate. However, recent research has demonstrated that the sulphate ester and sulphonate-pools of soil sulphur are also plant-bioavailable, probably due to interconversion of carbon-bonded sulphur and sulphate ester-sulphur to inorganic sulphate by soil microbes. In addition to this mineralization of bound forms of sulphur, soil microbes are also responsible for the rapid immobilization of sulphate, first to sulphate esters and subsequently to carbon-bound sulphur. The rate of sulphur cycling depends on the microbial community present, and on its metabolic activity, though it is not yet known if specific microbial species or genera control this process. The genes involved in the mobilization of sulphonate- and sulphate ester-sulphur by one common rhizosphere bacterium, Pseudomonas putida, have been investigated. Mutants of this species that are unable to transform sulphate esters show reduced survival in the soil, indicating that sulphate esters are important for bacterial S-nutrition in this environment. P. putida S-313 mutants that cannot metabolize sulphonate-sulphur do not promote the growth of tomato plants as the wild-type strain does, suggesting that the ability to mobilize bound sulphur for plant nutrition is an important role of this species. 相似文献
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8.
J.P. Carlier 《Letters in applied microbiology》1992,14(3):84-87
The use of a highly polar capillary column permits gas chromatographic analysis of organic acids as methyl esters. This method has found use in the study of end products of anaerobic bacteria. In addition, it also permits the detection of nonvolatile sulphur compounds which are neglected on the usual packed columns. These compounds have been identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as methyl esters of 3-(methylthio)-propanoic acid and 4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid. When certain species were grown in a medium supplemented with 0·4% (w/v) DL-methionine, the relative amounts of both acids increased significantly. These nonvolatile sulphur compounds may serve as markers for specific bacteria. 相似文献
9.
Stevenson BS Eichorst SA Wertz JT Schmidt TM Breznak JA 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2004,70(8):4748-4755
An integrative approach was used to obtain pure cultures of previously uncultivated members of the divisions Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia from agricultural soil and from the guts of wood-feeding termites. Some elements of the cultivation procedure included the following: the use of agar media with little or no added nutrients; relatively long periods of incubation (more than 30 days); protection of cells from exogenous peroxides; and inclusion of humic acids or a humic acid analogue (anthraquinone disulfonate) and quorum-signaling compounds (acyl homoserine lactones) in growth media. The bacteria were incubated in the presence of air and in hypoxic (1 to 2% O(2) [vol/vol]) and anoxic atmospheres. Some bacteria were incubated with elevated concentrations of CO(2) (5% [vol/vol]). Significantly more Acidobacteria were found on isolation plates that had been incubated with 5% CO(2). A simple, high-throughput, PCR-based surveillance method (plate wash PCR) was developed. This method greatly facilitated detection and ultimate isolation of target bacteria from as many as 1,000 colonies of nontarget microbes growing on the same agar plates. Results illustrate the power of integrating culture methods with molecular techniques to isolate bacteria from phylogenetic groups underrepresented in culture. 相似文献
10.
Ercolini D 《Journal of microbiological methods》2004,56(3):297-314
Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) fingerprinting was recently introduced into food microbiology. This paper describes the technique and reports on the state-of-the-art application of this technique to food and food-related ecosystems. Applications of PCR-DGGE in several fields of food microbiology are reviewed: the identification of microorganisms isolated from food, the evaluation of microbial diversity during food fermentation, and microbiological and commercial food quality assessment. Potentials and limitations of this culture-independent approach in food microbiology are indicated and future perspectives are discussed. 相似文献
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Paweł Mochalski Beata Wzorek Ireneusz Śliwka Anton Amann 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2009,877(20-21):1856-1866
Suitability of different types of pre-concentration (solid phase microextraction and sorbent trapping) and detection (flame photometric detector (FPD) and mass selective detector (MSD)) for gas chromatographic determination of sulphur-containing compounds (H2S, MeSH, EtSH, DMS, COS and CS2) in breath-gas was assessed in this study. Several factors like influence of humidity, influence of oxygen, or stability of target compounds in extraction vessels (SPME vials and sorbent tubes) were investigated. Despite poor stability of VSCs in SPME vials and matrix effects (unfavorable influence of humidity), SPME was found to be a fast and reliable enrichment method, which coupled with mass selective detector provided satisfactory LODs of target compounds at the ppt level (from 0.15 ppb for CS2 to 2.3 ppb for H2S). Application of sorbent trapping with two-bed sorbent tubes containing Tenax TA and Carboxen 1000 gave excellent LODs (0.03–0.3 ppb for 200 ml sample and MSD). Stability of investigated VSCs in sorbents was found to be very poor (30–40% losses after 2 h). FPD showed satisfactory sensitivity only when it was coupled with sorbent trapping. Breath samples were collected into Tedlar bags in a CO2-controlled manner. Humidity was removed during sampling (permeation dryer – Nafion) to avoid unfavorable water dependent effects during analysis. 相似文献
13.
Rate of elemental sulphur biooxidation by Thiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria in continuous culture with nutrient circulation was determined for oxygen concentration in liquid in the range 1–17?mg/dm3 for temperature range 19–40?°C, pH from 1.5 to 4.5 and for CO2 concentration above 110?mg/dm3. Equation describing the influence of above mentioned parameters on the rate of sulphur oxidation was presented. 相似文献
14.
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is one of the most important bacterium used in bioleaching, and can utilize Fe2+ or sulphide as energy source. Growth curves for Thiobacillus ferrooxidans have been tested, which show lag, logarithmic, stationary and aging phases as seen in other bacteria. The logarithmic phases were from 10 to 32 hours for Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cultivated with Fe2+ and from 4 to 12 days for Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cultivated with elemental sulphur. Differences of protein patterns of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans growing on elemental sulphur and Fe2+ separately were investigated after cultivation at 30 degrees C by the analysis of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization (MALDI)-Mass spectrometry and ESI-MS/MS. From the 17 identified protein spots, 11 spots were found more abundant when growing on elemental sulphur. By contrast 6 protein spots were found decreased at elemental cultivation condition. Among the proteins identified, cytochrome C have been previously identified as necessary elements of electron-transferring pathway for Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to oxidize Fe2+; ATP synthase alpha chain and beta are expressed increased when Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cultivated with Fe2+ as energy source. ATP synthase Beta chain is the catalytic subunit, and ATP synthase alpha chain is a regulatory subunit. The function of ATPase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. 相似文献
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16.
García de la Fuente R Carrión C Botella S Fornes F Noguera V Abad M 《Bioresource technology》2007,98(18):3561-3569
The biological oxidation of elemental sulphur (S(o)) added to three alkaline composts prepared with a range of organic wastes (CC, melon crop residues; MC, mixed manures; and BC, pine bark) to reduce their pH was studied. The titration curves showed that to achieve an equivalent pH drop, compost CC needed a larger dose of S(o) than did composts MC and BC. The acidification efficiency was high in the three composts (53%), but the pH reduction obtained from the titration curves in MC and BC composts was lower than expected. S(o) oxidation in amended composts was found to be related to pH and CaCO(3) content decreases, and to the rise in CaSO(4) and electrical conductivity levels. A remarkable increase in the autotrophic bacteria population and a slight increase in heterotrophic bacteria along with S(o) oxidation were recorded. Actinomycetes, fungi and yeasts were not affected by the addition of S(o) to composts. 相似文献
17.
A I Dagis K T Vitkiavichius G A Bal'chiunas V I Gendvilene P P Dzheia A I Tole?kis 《Biulleten' eksperimental'no? biologii i meditsiny》1990,110(10):377-379
The experiments performed have shown that elemental sulphur inhibited only cytoplasmic isoenzyme of adenylate kinase without having any effect on mitochondrial isoenzyme. Effect of sulphur is related to its reaction with SH-groups of enzyme. Sulphur also by 50% inhibited cytoplasmic adenylate kinase in intact myocardium during perfusion of isolated rabbit heart. Under this circumstances the amplitude of contractions is diminished but perfusate flow is increased. Thus elemental sulphur must be considered as a new specific SH-reagent and vasodilator drug. 相似文献
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