Physiological and cultural characteristics ofChromobacterium marinum sp. n.

A new species ofChromobacterium was isolated from open ocean waters. While it possessed somewhat different flagellar characteristics than some described species it demonstrated enough affinities to establish it in the genusChromobacterium. Under optimum conditions this organism had an unusually short generation time as well as an unusually rapid transition from the lag phase of growth to the death phase. It is suggested that this characteristic is one of the major reasons that organisms of this type have not, in the past, been successfully transferred from isolation plates inoculated with samples of sea water. The proposed name isChromobacterium marinum.     

Physico-chemical characteristics of catalases from Micrococcus sp. n

The physico-chemical properties of heme-containing and non-heme catalases isolated from the cell culture of Micrococcus sp. n. grown under intensive aeration were studied. The enzyme preparations were homogenous during polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. The spectral and functional properties of the enzymes (e. g. specific activity, subunit molecular weight, quaternary structure, amino acid composition, immunoprecipitability, N-terminal amino acid sequences) were investigated. Monocrystals of non-heme catalase applicable for an X-ray analysis were grown and examined by X-ray spectroscopy. Both enzymes were stable upon storage in 40% ammonium sulfate for 2 months and resistant to lyophylization without any significant loss of their activity. Non-heme catalase is apparently an independent enzyme which is not derived from heme-containing catalase via dissociation, limited proteolysis or heme cleavage.     

Thiobacillus acidophilus sp. nov.; isolation and some physiological characteristics.

After a brief exposition to glucose, Thiobacillus acidophilus was isolated from a culture of iron-grown T. ferrooxidans. Physicochemical analysis of its DNA showed a G+C content of 62.9-63.2%. The new isolate grows best at 25-30 degrees C and at pH 3.0. Growth is possible between pH 1.5 and 6.0. Thiobacillus acidophilus is apparently strictly aerobic. Ammonium salts are the only suitable source of nitrogen. The bacterium is a facultative autotroph. In addition to elemental sulfur, it obtains energy from organic compounds such as D-glucose, D-galactose, D-fructose, D-mannitol, D-xylose, D-ribose, D-arabinose, L-arabinose, sucrose, sodium citrate, malic acid,dl-aspartic acid, and dl-glutamic acid. Thiobacillus acidophilus possesses the key enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle including NAD-and NADP-linked isocitric dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and the key enzymes of the hexose monophosphate pathway (glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase). NADH oxidase has been found in particulate fraction of extracts. Rhodanese and thiosulfate oxidase have also been detected.     

Morphological and physiological characteristics of Gemmiger formicilis isolated from chicken ceca.

Morphological and physiological studies were made on chicken cecal isolates of the strictly anaerobic bacterial species Gemmiger formicilis. Structural features (phase-contrast and electron microscopy) of these microorganisms indicate they (i) are highly pleomorphic, (ii) possess a trilaminar cell wall like gram-negative bacteria, (iii) exhibit an unusual growth process characterized by polar swelling (resembling budding bacteria), and (iv) grow into elongated cells when exposed to a subinhibitory concentration of penicillin. The morphological data presented suggest that this species has a rod-shaped structure. These bacteria ferment a variety of sugars to produce formic, butyric, and lactic acids. There appear to be two groups of Gemmiger, one producing primarily lactate and the other producing formate as major fermentation metabolites. Growth of six strains in a basal medium, consisting of Trypticase, minerals, carbohydrate, Na2CO3 buffer, and cysteine as reducing agent, was stimulated by rumen fluid and yeast extract. Volatile fatty acids partially replaced the requirement for rumen fluid with some strains. Single deletions of vitamins (from a defined vitamin mixture) indicated that pantothenate, riboflavin, and thiamine were highly stimulatory to growth of the organism in a medium containing rumen fluid and Trypticase as source of vitamins. Other vitamin requirements were not studied.     

Gloeococcus bavaricus n. sp. undCoelastrella compacta n. sp.

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Potentilla Knappii n. sp.

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Poa Grimburgii n. sp.

Ohne Zusammenfassung