鸡蛋果幼叶细胞质丙酮酸激酶的调节特性

鸡蛋果幼叶ＰＫｃ的Ｋｍ（ＰＥＰ）为０．０３７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｋｍ（ＡＤＰ）为０．０５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,与成生叶相同。幼叶ＰＫｃ的效应物与成长叶的有较大差异,草酸和Ｃａ＾２＋对幼叶ＰＫｃ的抑制机制与成长叶相同,但亲和力不同,这可能反映了酶的非活性部位具有不同的构象。     

PKC、PKA和TPK在血小板激活中的作用

利用~（３２）Ｐ－ＮａＨ_２ＰＯ_４标记猪血小板,然后以ＰＭＡ、凝血酶、ＰＧＥ_１、腺苷等处理,结果表明,随着ＰＭＡ激活ＰＫＣ,血小板发生聚集。３５μｍｏｌ／ＬＰＧＥ_１或１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬｄｂｃＡＭＰ不能抑制５０ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰＭＡ诱导的血小板聚集,腺苷却能抑制ＰＭＡ诱导的血小板聚集（ＥＣ_（５０）＝０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,ｄｂ－ｃＡＭＰ、腺苷都不能抑制１００ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰＭＡ诱导的４０ｋＤ蛋白磷酸化。ＰＫＡ激活不能抑制ＰＭＡ激活的ＰＫＣ。在ＰＭＡ、凝血酶激活的血小板中,ＰＫＣ、ＴＰＫ都发生激活,４０ｋＤ底物既是ＰＫＣ的底物又是ＴＰＫ的底物,ＰＫＣ和ＴＰＫ在血小板聚集中起着重要的调节作用。     

PKC,PKA和TPK在血小板激活中的作用

利用＾３２Ｐ－ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４标记猪血小板,然后,以ＰＭＡ,凝血酶,ＰＧＥ１腺苷等处理,结果表明,随着ＰＭＡ激活ＰＫＣ,血小板发生聚集,３５μｍｏｌ／ＬＰＧＥ１或１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬｄｂｃＡＭＰ不能抑制５０ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰＭＡ诱导的血小板聚集,腺苷却能抑制ＰＭＡ诱导的血小板聚集（ＥＣ５０＝０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｄｂ－ｃＡＭＰ,腺苷都不能抑制１００ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰＭＡ诱导的４０ｋＤ蛋白磷酸化,ＰＫＡ激活不能抑制Ｐ     

两相法分离玉米幼苗叶片生长部位质膜

以玉米幼叶生长部位为材料,通过水溶性多聚物ＰＥＧ４０００／Ｄｅｘｔｒａｎ Ｔ５００构成的两相系统,对玉米幼叶生长部位质膜进行了分离。结果表明,由ＰＥＧ４０００６．２％、Ｄｅｘｔｒａｎ Ｔ５００６．３％,ＫＣｌ５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、磷酸缓冲液ｐＨ７．８４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、蔗糖８．５％构成后两相系统最适宜分离玉米幼叶生长部位质膜。经过三次相分配后,质膜上相中的分配率达８５％以上。经－０．４ＭＰａ胁迫处理２４ｈ后     

兔血管平滑肌延迟整流钾通道研究及其与克隆Kv1.5通道的电生理特性比较

本文用膜片箝全细胞技术比较了研究了单个兔肺动脉血管平滑肌细胞上延迟整流钾通道与克隆Ｋｖ１．５通道的电生理及药理学特性。将平滑肌细胞箝制在－４０ｍＶ,以１０ｍＶ的步跨阶跃去极化（０￣６０ｍＶ）可产生一系列快速上升的外向电流,几无衰减,其激活曲线的Ｖ１／２为２７．２ｍＶ。灌流液中加入１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ和ＴＥＡ １ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ４ＡＰ,电流幅度均明显减小,细胞外Ｃａ＾２＋水平由１．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ降至０．     

乙肝病毒核衣壳启动子内三链DNA的形成

用电泳迁移分析方法研究了２１ｎｔ脱氧寡核苷酸Ｇ３ＴＧ２ＴＧＴ２Ｇ５ＴＧ２ＴＧＴ（ＣＰ１）与１２９ｂｐ的乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）核衣壳启动子（Ｃｐ）片段内一位点结合形成的三链ＤＮＡ的特异性及稳定性．在克隆有ＨＢＶ基因组的质粒ｐＣＰ１０的酶切产物中,ＣＰ１仅与含Ｃｐ的１２９ｂｐ片段结合．在２０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＭｇ２＋溶液中其解离常数（Ｋｄ）为１．４×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ．不同离子稳定三链ＤＮＡ的效果依次为ｓｐ４＋（精胺）＞Ｍｇ２＋＞Ｚｎ２＋＞Ｎａ＋＞Ｋ＋,离子之间存在相互竞争作用．比ＣＰ１多一误配碱基的脱氧寡核苷酸Ｇ２ＴＧ２ＴＧＴＧ３ＴＧ２ＴＧ２ＴＧ２Ｔ（ＣＰ２）在２０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＭｇ２＋溶液中与Ｃｐ结合的Ｋｄ值约为ＣＰ１的１／７,而在６０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫ＋或５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＺｎ２＋溶液中检测不到它与Ｃｐ的结合,这进一步显示了三链ＤＮＡ形成的特异性．细胞的生理离子浓度被认为是：Ｓｐ４＋１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｍｇ２＋１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｋ＋１４０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,因此,ＣＰ１在细胞内将能特异地与Ｃｐ结合并具有较好的稳定性．     

大肠杆菌精氨酰－tRNA合成酶变种ArgRS381KA的基本性质

本文研究了Ｌｙｓ３８１变为Ａｌａ的精氨酰－ｔＲＮＡ合成酶（ＡｒｇＲＳ）变种ＡｒｇＲＳ３８１ＫＡ的最适ｐＨ和稳态动力学性质;比较了此酶与天然酶ＡｒｇＲＳ的荧光光谱性质和热稳定性。实验结果表明ＡｒｇＲＳ３８１ＫＡ的氨酰化活力和ＡＴＰ￣ＰＰｉ交换活力的最适ｐＨ分别为８．０和７．０,与天然酶相同;ＡｒｇＲＳ３８１ＫＡ的氨酰化活力对精氨酸、ＡＴＰ和ｔＲＮＡＡｒｇ的Ｋｍ分别为１２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、０．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１．１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｖｍａｘ为１６０００Ｕ／ｍｇ,ｋｃａｔ为１６ｓ－１;ＡＴＰ￣ＰＰｉ交换活力对精氨酸、ＡＴＰ和ＰＰｉ的Ｋｍ分别为９２．９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、０．８５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ和８０．１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｖｍａｘ为２８０００～３００００Ｕ／ｍｇ,ｋｃａｔ为３２ｓ－１．ＡｒｇＲＳ３８１ＫＡ的荧光激发光谱和发射光谱与ＡｒｇＲＳ基本相同。热失活速度比天然酶慢。     

照光对鸡蛋果绿色组织细胞质丙酮酸激酶活性的影响

鸡蛋果叶片照光１５ｍｉｎ后,其成长叶ＰＫ和ＰＫｃ活性降低,幼叶ＰＫ和ＰＫｃ活性提高。鸡蛋果成长叶ＰＫｃ受［ＡＴＰ］／［ＡＤＰ］比值调节,受ＤＴＴ轻微抑制。ＤＴＴ和生理浓度ＡＴＰ对鸡蛋果幼叶ＰＫｃ活性无明显影响。这表明鸡蛋果成长叶ＰＫｃ光下受抑制可能与光下［ＡＴＰ］／［ＡＤＰ］比值提高有关。     

褪黑素对大鼠海马神经元谷氨酸所致毒性的拮抗作用

在大鼠海马脑片上电刺激Ｓｃｈａｆｆｅｒ 侧支纤维, 胞外记录ＣＡ１ 区锥体细胞层诱发群体锋电位（ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｓｐｉｋｅ,ＰＳ） , 观察灌流谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ） 和褪黑素（ＭＥＬ） 对ＰＳ的影响。结果显示：５－０ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度的Ｇｌｕ 可使ＰＳ值下降至对照值的４－１ ％ ; ＭＥＬ（０－４ 、０－５ 和０－６ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ） 与５－０ ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＧｌｕ 混合给药,ＰＳ值分别变化为对照值的１４－７ ％ 、１０５－２％ 、２４－３ ％ ; ＭＥＬ（０－５ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ） 、Ｇｌｕ （５－０ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ） , 与赛庚啶（ＣＤＰ,０－５ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ） 混合给药,ＰＳ值下降至０ 。上述结果提示,５－０ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度的Ｇｌｕ 有神经毒性作用, 但可为ＭＥＬ拮抗, 这可能由５ＨＴ受体所介导。     

照光对鸡蛋果绿色组织细胞质丙酮酸激酶活性的影响

鸡蛋果叶片照光１５ｍｉｎ后,其成长叶ＰＫ和ＰＫｃ活性降低,幼叶ＰＫ和ＰＫｃ活性提高。鸡蛋果成长叶ＰＫｃ受［ＡＴＰ］／［ＡＤＰ］比值调节,受ＤＴＴ轻微抑制。ＤＴＴ和生理浓度ＡＴＰ对鸡蛋果幼叶ＰＫｃ活性无显著影响。这表明鸡蛋果成长叶ＰＫｃ光下受抑制可能与光下［ＡＴＰ］／［ＡＤＰ］比值提高有关。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism