杂合抗菌肽CecA-Mag的人工合成及其在Pichia pastoris中的分泌表达

根据抗菌肽天蚕素A(cecropinA,CA)N端第1~7个氨基酸残基,马盖宁(magainin,M)N端第2~12个氨基酸残基,以毕赤酵母偏爱的密码子设计合成了杂合肽CA(1~7)-M(2~12)基因,同载体pPICZα-A连接后转化Pichia pastoris受体菌SMD1168,在醇氧化酶(AOX)启动子调控下,分子量约1.9kDa的CecA-Mag杂合抗菌肽获得表达,抗菌特性研究表明,该表达产物具有广谱抗菌活性,对多数G-菌及G 菌均有较好的抑菌活性。初步抑菌活性测定,显示该杂合肽对金黄色葡萄球菌、耐氨苄青霉素的大肠杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌有良好的抑杀活性。酸稳定实验显示pH为3.2时仍具有相当高的活性。热稳定性实验显示该杂合肽100℃加热5min后仍具有抑菌活性。这些特点使得重组抗菌肽CecA-mag在疾病防治和动物饲料添加剂等方面显露出很好的应用前景。     

复合抗菌肽PL在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及其活性研究

为了获得抗菌活性较强的抗菌肽,将几种抗菌肽串联起来在毕赤酵母中表达,并比较其与单独抗菌肽的抑菌活性。以GenBank中的Protegrin-1(PG-1)、ScorpionDefensin(SD)、Metalnikowin-2A和SheepMyeloidAntibacterialPeptide(SMAP-29)(序列号分别为AAB27599,AAAB27538、P80409和P49928)成熟肽段作为模板序列,根据巴斯德毕赤氏酵母(P.pastoris)偏好密码子,设计并人工合成复合抗菌肽pl基因,同时用SOE法获得ScorpionDefensin的基因,分别克隆到pPICZαA载体中,转化P.pastoris受体菌X-33,在醇氧化酶(AOX)启动子调控下,复合抗菌肽PL及SD均获得表达。体外抑菌试验检测复合抗菌肽PL与单独的蝎子防御素SD的热稳定性、酸稳定性、最低抑菌浓度等,结果显示复合抗菌肽PL及SD具有很强的热酸稳定性,而针对不同的细菌,复合抗菌肽则表现出了强于单独的SD的活性,特别是对大肠杆菌。上述结果说明了该复合抗菌肽具有很好的开发前景。     

棘胸蛙抗菌肽Spinosan-C的串联表达与活性检测

为克服抗菌肽易被蛋白酶降解及对宿主大肠杆菌的杀伤作用,并进一步提高大肠杆菌系统的表达能力,以棘胸蛙Paa spinosa抗菌肽Spinosan-C为研究对象,按照大肠杆菌密码子利用频率进行密码子优化,设计合成8拷贝的串联8×Spinosan-C基因,将合成的串联基因克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体p ET-28a,利用大肠杆菌感受态细胞Rosetta进行原核表达,获得高效表达的串联8×Spinosan-C重组蛋白,用甲酸专一性切割得到抗菌肽Spinosan-C单体。体外抑菌试验表明,切割后的抗菌肽Spinosan-C单体对测试菌生长具有抑制作用,为蛙类抗菌肽的规模化制备提供了参考。     

猪β防御素1基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

PBD-1是猪防御系统起重要作用的抗菌小肽,为实现其在毕赤酵母中的表达,根据已发表的猪β防御素1(PBD-1)氨基酸序列和酵母偏好密码子,用PCR方法获得PBD-1基因,克隆到分泌型表达载体pPIC9K信号序列α因子之后,构建重组表达质粒pPIC9K-PBD-1,用SalⅠ将其线性化后转化毕赤酵母SMD1168,采用PCR法筛选Mut 表型,在AOX1启动子调控下,分子量约4.5kD的PBD-1抗菌肽得到表达。抗菌特性研究表明,该表达产物对金黄色葡萄球菌有较好的抑菌活性。首次在毕赤酵母表达系统中实现了PBD-1的分泌表达。     

鸽β-防御素1基因的克隆及其生物学作用鉴定

【目的】从鸽子组织中克隆鸽子β-防御素1(AvBD1)基因,在大肠杆菌中表达重组鸽子AvBD1蛋白,测定其生物学特性。【方法】应用RT-PCR法从鸽子骨髓组织中扩增鸽子AvBD1基因,采用Real-time PCR法检测该基因在鸽子组织器官中的表达分布。将该基因亚克隆到大肠杆菌原核表达载体pProEX-HTa的EcoR I和Xho I双酶切位点上,构建重组表达质粒pProEX-pigeon AvBD1,将重组质粒进行诱导表达;对该重组蛋白进行纯化,通过菌落计数法测定其体外抗菌活性与理化特性。【结果】从鸽子骨髓组织中克隆到鸽子AvBD1基因,其cDNA大小为198 bp,编码65个氨基酸,经序列相似性分析,鸽子AvBD1与鸭AvBD1氨基酸序列相似性最高(81.5%)。鸽子AvBD1主要分布于免疫系统和消化系统组织中。Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明,重组鸽子AvBD1蛋白分子量约8.8 kD,与预期大小一致。该重组蛋白具有广谱抗菌活性,高盐浓度显著降低其抗菌活性。此外,该重组蛋白的溶血活性极低。【结论】从鸽子骨髓组织中克隆到鸽子AvBD1基因,其主要分布在机体的免疫系统和消化系统中。该重组蛋白具有广谱抗菌活性,高盐浓度显著降低其抗菌活性,且该重组蛋白的溶血活性极低。     

Biodiversity in aerobic granule membrane bioreactor at high organic loading rates

Antibacterial peptide CM4 (ABP-CM4) is a small cationic peptide with broad-spectrum activities against bacteria, fungi, and tumor cells, which may possibly be used as an antimicrobial agent. We report here the application of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) fusion technology to the expression and purification of cationic antibacterial peptide ABP-CM4. The fusion protein expressed in a soluble form was purified to a purity of 90% by Ni-IDA chromatography and 112 mg protein of interest was obtained per liter of fermentation culture. After the SUMO–CM4 fusion protein was cleaved by the SUMO protease at 30 °C for 1 h, the cleaved sample was re-applied to a Ni-IDA. Finally, about 24 mg recombinant CM4 was obtained from 1 l fermentation culture with no less than 96% purity and the recombinant CM4 had similar antimicrobial properties to the synthetic CM4. Thus, the SUMO-mediated peptide expression and purification system potentially could be employed for the production of recombinant cytotoxic peptides.     

抗菌肽CP10A在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

CP10A是一种由抗菌肽Indolicine经过序列改造,且对多数革兰氏阳性病源细菌具有较强抗菌活性的多肽序列。本研究根据已报道的CP10A氨基酸序列,兼顾大肠杆菌密码子偏好性,设计CP10A的核苷酸序列,利用PCR技术合成相应的DNA序列,后克隆构建重组表达载体pET32a（+）-CP10A,转入大肠杆菌AD494菌株。经IPTG诱导表达和15% SDS-PAGE电泳检测后发现产物以包涵体形式存在,且融合表达量占总蛋白的50%。在变性条件下经Ni-NTA亲合柱层析及复性,最终获得了较高纯度的可溶性重组蛋白。本研究首次实现了CP10A抗菌肽在大肠杆菌中的融合表达,为进一步研究其生物学活性及应用奠定了一定的基础,同时也为研究抗菌肽表达提供了一种方法。     

杂合抗菌肽CecA-mil的改造及在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

参照毕赤氏巴斯德酵母(Pichia pastorts)偏好密码子,改造并化学合成杂合抗菌肽CecA-mil基因,改造后的CecA-mil基因克隆到pPICZα-A载体中,构建分泌型重组酵母表达载体pPICZα-A-CM,转化Pichia pastoris受体菌X-33。在醇氧化酶(AOX)启动子调控下,分子量约1．9kD的CecA-mil杂合抗菌肽获得表达,经表达条件优化,重组酵母菌的摇瓶发酵产率可达到245μg／mL。抗菌特性研究表明,该表达产物具有广谱抗菌活性,对多数G^-菌及G^ 菌均有较好的抑菌活性,特别是对氨苄青霉素抗性菌和卡那霉素抗性菌抑杀效果更好;具有热稳定性和酸稳定性。这些特点使得重组抗菌肽CecA-mil在食品防腐、疾病防治和动物饲料添加剂等方面显露出很好的应用前景。     

抗菌肽GK1在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

为高效表达抗菌肽GK1并避免GK1的高抗菌活性对大肠杆菌宿主菌的致命影响, 将经改造后的人胰岛素原(mhPI)与GK1的融合基因(mhPI-GK1)克隆到表达载体pET28a中, 构建出表达质粒pET28a-mhPI-GK1, 转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行表达。融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中以包涵体形式表达, 表达量占菌体总蛋白的20%。经CNBr裂解、阳离子交换层析和RP-HPLC纯化后, 每升发酵液可获得5.7 mg纯度大于97%的重组GK1。质谱检测显示重组GK1的分子量为2794.0 D, 抑菌活性实验表明纯化后的重组GK1和化学合成GK1具有相同的抗菌活性。为利用基因工程方法大规模生产GK1奠定了基础。     

中国家蚕抗菌肽人工合成类CMⅣ基因在甜菜夜蛾虫体中的表达

将人工合成的中国家蚕抗菌肽类CMⅣ基因与抗菌肽信号肽基因连接 ,经EcoRⅠ、HindⅢ双酶切后 ,克隆于pFASTBacⅠ的EcoRⅠ、HindⅢ酶切位点之间 ,得到重组转座载体pFASTBac ABP ,经测序证明阳性克隆正确。将重组转座载体转化HD1 0Bac大肠杆菌 ,得到重组Bacmid ABP。将重组Bacmid转染sf2 1细胞及感染甜菜夜蛾 (Laphygmaexigua)幼虫 ,在培养细胞上清及虫体血淋巴中均测到抗菌活性。经Northernblotting证明感染甜菜夜蛾幼虫中有类CMⅣmRNA的存在。且表达产物在酸性电泳中电泳行为与天然抗菌肽CMⅣ组分相似。为进一步利用昆虫细胞及虫体生产抗菌肽药物打下了基础。     

High-level expression of the recombinant hybrid peptide cecropinA(1-8)-magainin2(1-12) with an ubiquitin fusion partner in Escherichia coli

The hybrid antibacterial peptide CA-MA [cecropinA(1-8)-magainin2(1-12)] with potent antimicrobial properties but no hemolytic activity is a potential alternative antibiotic. To explore a new approach for high-level expression of the hybrid peptide CA-MA in Escherichia coli, the sequence of ubiquitin (UBI) from housefly was inserted into the plasmid pQE30 to construct the vector pQEUBI. The cDNA fragment encoding CA-MA with preferred codons of E. coli was obtained by recursive PCR (rPCR) and cloned into the vector pQEUBI to express the fusion protein (His)(6)-UBI-CA-MA. The fusion protein was expressed in soluble form under the optimized conditions at high level (more than 36% of the total proteins). With (His)(6)-tag, the fusion protein was easily purified by Ni-NTA chromatography and 36 mg of fusion protein was purified from 1L of culture medium. The fusion protein was efficiently cleaved by ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH), yielding recombinant CA-MA with high antimicrobial activity. After removing the contaminants by Ni-NTA chromatography, recombinant CA-MA was purified to homogeneity by reversed-phase HPLC and 6.8mg of pure active CA-MA was obtained from 1L culture medium. Analysis of recombinant CA-MA by MALDI-TOF-MS showed that the molecular weight of the purified recombinant CA-MA was 2559Da, which perfectly matches the mass (2559Da) calculated from the amino acid sequence. Analysis of CA-MA by circular dichroism (CD) revealed that the secondary structures of CA-MA in water solution were 17.4% alpha-helix and 82.6% random coil but no beta-sheet. Our results demonstrated that functional CA-MA can be produced in sufficient quantities using the ubiquitin fusion technique. This is the first report on the heterologous expression of a hybrid antibacterial peptide fused to ubiquitin in E. coli.     

石斑鱼-防御素的酵母表达及其产物抗菌活性分析

防御素是一类阳离子抗菌肽。研究从石斑鱼垂体SMART cDNA 文库中扩增出129 bp 石斑鱼-防御素成熟肽序列, 将其克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPCIZA 中, 构建了石斑鱼-防御素的真核表达载体, 电击转化毕赤酵母GS115。Western Blot 分析表明石斑鱼-防御素在酵母菌中获得了表达。体外抗菌实验表明纯化的重组蛋白具有抑制大肠杆菌以及嗜水气单胞菌的作用, 但是对革兰氏阳性菌, 如金黄色葡萄球菌和藤黄微球菌的生长没有抑制作用。实验结果表明酵母表达的石斑鱼-防御素能够特异地抑制革兰氏阴性菌的生长。       

杂合抗菌肽在毕赤酵母中的表达及其活性测定

为获得溶血活性低、抗菌活性高的杂合抗菌肽,以家蝇抗菌肽Cec Md和中国林蛙抗菌肽Chensirin为母体肽,并结合毕赤酵母偏爱密码子的原则,设计出6条具有抗菌潜力的新型杂合抗菌肽,将其命名为CC22、CC28、CC29、CC30和CC34(1),CC34,利用SOE-PCR技术合成所需的目的基因,并将其克隆至毕赤酵母表达载体pGAPZαA,通过电击转化技术,将其转化至毕赤酵母SMD1168中,经含有Zeocin的抗性平板筛选阳性转化子,YPD液体培养72h后,经Tricine-SDS-PAGE检测出目的蛋白,然后采用高效液相色谱法对其进行纯化。检测结果显示,表达产物CC29对大肠杆菌、鸡沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)均为25μg/ml;CC34(1)对大肠杆菌表现相对较弱的抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为100μg/ml;CC34对鸡沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为50μg/ml;且杂合抗菌肽对有益菌均没有表现出抑制作用。6条杂合肽的溶血活性均呈现较低水平,其中表现出抗菌活性的3条抗菌肽中,以CC29的溶血活性最低,CC34(1)和CC34相对次之。结合抑菌活性,CC29和CC34的抑菌效果较为明显,从而确定溶血活性低且抗菌活性较高的CC29和CC34为新型杂合抗菌肽。     

Expression and purification of antimicrobial peptide buforin IIb in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis>

A novel production method in Escherichia coli for an antimicrobial peptide of 21 amino acids, buforin IIb, which is a synthetic analog of buforin II, has been developed. The buforin IIb gene was cloned into the vector pET32a to construct an expression vector pET32a–buforin IIb. The fusion protein Trx-buforin IIb, purified by nickel nitrilo-triacetic acid (Ni-NTA) resin chromatography, was cleaved by hydroxylamine hydrochloride to release recombinant buforin IIb. Purification of recombinant buforin IIb was achieved by HPLC: about 3.1 mg/l active recombinant buforin IIb with purity >99% was obtained. The recombinant buforin IIb showed antimicrobial activities that were similar to the synthetic one.     

抗菌肽SMAP-29结构功能及分子设计策略

抗菌肽是生物体内产生的一种具有生物活性的小分子多肽,具有广谱抗细菌、抗病毒、抗真菌甚至抗癌作用。SMAP-29是来源于绵羊骨髓细胞,包含29个氨基酸的Cathelicidin类α-螺旋结构抗菌肽。SMAP-29具有多种生物活性,包括抗革兰氏阳/阴性菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗寄生虫、抗螺旋体、抗衣原体和中和内毒素活性,并且具有作用机制独特、快速杀灭细菌的特点。以下综述了SMAP-29抗菌肽家族的基因和蛋白结构、结构与活性关系、作用机制、生物功能、基因重组表达,重点阐述了SMAP-29结构、分子设计的必要性和基于     

Expression of a cytotoxic cationic antibacterial peptide in Escherichia coli using two fusion partners

It has been reported that it is difficult to express cationic antibacterial peptides in engineered bacteria because such peptides are highly toxic to the host bacteria cells and sensitive to intracellular proteases. Antibacterial peptide CM4 (ABP-CM4) is a small cationic peptide with broad-spectrum activities against bacteria, fungi and tumor cells, which may possibly be used as an antimicrobial agent. Here we tried to express ABP-CM4 in Escherichia coli cells using either the GST fusion system or the intein-mediated fusion expression system. In order to investigate the possible use of these two fusion partners in cationic small peptide expression and purification, a mutant ABP-CMt, which is a highly positively charged peptide with +9 charges at neutral pH, was designed. In the present study, we have shown that both ABP-CM4 and ABP-CMt peptides can be expressed and purified by the intein-mediated expression system but not by the GST fusion expression system. Thus the intein-mediated peptide expression and purification system potentially could be employed for the production of recombinant protease-sensitive and cytotoxic peptides.     

重组毕赤酵母产青蛤Mytimacin抗菌肽的表达研究

Mytimacin是主要在无脊椎动物中表达的Macin抗菌肽家族中的一员,具有较强的抗病原微生物活性,是利用重组DNA技术开发天然抗菌剂的良好候选者。通过RT-PCR从青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)闭壳肌中克隆编码Mytimacin成熟肽的基因,经3次PCR在该基因的5’端添加Xho I限制性酶切位点和信号肽酶识别位点、3’端添加Xba I限制性酶切位点和6×His,获得目的基因"CsMm";以pPICZαA为表达载体、毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)X-33为工程菌,构建重组毕赤酵母X-33/pPICZαA-CsMm。通过高浓度博来霉素筛选高拷贝酵母转化子,在28℃、250 r/min条件下,使用1.5%的甲醇诱导表达72 h;使用固化金属离子亲和层析(IMAC)对表达产物进行纯化,并通过MALDI-TOF-TOF质谱分析对纯化产物进行鉴定。另外,通过涂布法和浊度法考察重组CsMm的抑菌活性。结果表明:基于X-33/pPICZαA-CsMm重组毕赤酵母的外源表达获得了表达量为25.6 mg/L的重组蛋白,经MALDI-TOF-TOF质谱鉴定其为分子量约7.8 kD的预期重组CsMm。抑菌试验证明重组CsMm对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio Parahemolyticus)具有明显的抑菌活性。构建的重组毕赤酵母X-33/pPICZαA-CsMm能有效合成具有生物学活性的重组青蛤Mytimacin,旨为贝类来源天然小分子抗菌剂的开发提供可资参考的技术途径。     

Production of Recombinant Hinnavin II/MSH Hybrid in Insect Cells

The increasing problem of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria requires development of new antimicrobial agents. For the purpose of this study, a cDNA encoding hinnavin II‐α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (hin/MSH) hybrid was chemically synthesized, annealed, and then cloned into transfer vector pBacPAK 9 for expression in Sf21 insect cells. Recombinant hin/MSH (rhin/MSH) hybrid was efficiently produced in baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) as a hybrid peptide. The antibacterial activity of the rhin/MSH hybrid was compared to that of the recombinant hinnavin II (rhin), using inhibition zone and overlay assay. This new recombinant hybrid peptide may serve as an attractive candidate for powerful novel class of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals.     

Identification and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide from the venom of the ant Tetramorium bicarinatum

A novel antimicrobial peptide, named Bicarinalin, has been isolated from the venom of the ant Tetramorium bicarinatum. Its amino acid sequence has been determined by de novo sequencing using mass spectrometry and by Edman degradation. Bicarinalin contained 20 amino acid residues and was C-terminally amidated as the majority of antimicrobial peptides isolated to date from insect venoms. Interestingly, this peptide had a linear structure and exhibited no meaningful similarity with any known peptides. Antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and S. xylosus strains were evaluated using a synthetic replicate. Bicarinalin had a potent and broad antibacterial activity of the same magnitude as Melittin and other hymenopteran antimicrobial peptides such as Pilosulin or Defensin. Moreover, this antimicrobial peptide has a weak hemolytic activity compared to Melittin on erythrocytes, suggesting potential for development into an anti-infective agent for use against emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogens.     

Expression of recombinant hybrid peptide cecropinA(1-8)-magainin2(1-12) in Pichia pastoris: purification and characterization

Hybrid antibacterial peptide CA-MA (cecropinA(1-8)-magainin2(1-12)) is a linear cationic peptide that has potent antimicrobial properties without hemolytic activity. To explore a new approach of expression of hybrid peptide CA-MA in methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, the gene of CA-MA was obtained by recursive PCR (rPCR) and cloned into the vector pPICZalpha-A. The SalI-linearized plasmid pPICZalpha-CA-MA was transformed into P. pastoris SMD1168 by electroporation. The expression was induced for 96h with 1.0% methanol at 28 degrees C, pH 5.0. Recombinant CA-MA was purified by reversed-phase HPLC and 22 mg pure active CA-MA was obtained from 1L fermentation culture. Tricine-SDS-PAGE indicated that recombinant CA-MA protein molecular weight is 2.6 kDa. Mass spectrometry of purified CA-MA demonstrated a single large signal for the molecular ion [M+2H+](2+) at 1281.07 m/z, identical to that of the putative protein (2.56 kDa). Antimicrobial assays showed that CA-MA has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial property against fungi, as well as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This is the first report on the heterologous expression of a hybrid antibacterial peptide with molecular weight below 3.0 kDa in P. pastoris. Our results demonstrate that functional CA-MA can be produced in sufficient quantities using P. pastoris for use in further studies on functionality and diagnostic applications.