阿魏酸钠对增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖及胶原合成的影响

探讨阿魏酸钠(SF)对增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞(HSFb)增殖及胶原合成的影响.体外培养HSFb,MTT法计算SF的LC50及最佳药物时间后,分为空白对照组、SF干预组(高、中、低浓度分别为0.3、0.03、0.003 mg/mL),培养72 h后,在倒置显微镜和透射电镜下观察HSFb微观形态学变化;MTT法、Wester...     

转化生长因子β1对培养的瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖的调控作用

目的探讨TGF-β1对瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖的调控作用。方法采用细胞培养、MTT法、流式细胞仪和免疫组化方法观察TGF-β1在不同作用剂量和时间对增生性瘢痕来源的成纤维细胞的增殖影响。结果在20%胎牛血清条件下TGF-β1可刺激瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖,其作用在10ng-50ng/ml之间呈剂量效应关系;50ng/ml TGF-β1作用12h开始增殖显著,并可持续到72h。细胞周期分析表明:在TGF-β1作用下,G0/G1%呈降低趋势,而S%呈升高趋势,反映细胞增殖活力的PI值也呈升高趋势。免疫组化结果也显示增殖细胞核内抗原(PCNA)随用药浓度增加而逐渐增加。说明TGF-β1对体外培养的瘢痕成纤维细胞具有促增殖作用。结论TGF-β1可能通过调控成纤维细胞的增殖而在增生性瘢痕的形成过程中起重要作用。     

血管钠肽抑制低氧刺激心脏成纤维细胞增殖的机制研究

目的：研究血管钠肽（VNP）抑制低氧刺激的心脏成纤维细胞增殖的机制。方法：发离、培养乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞,随机分为四组：对照组、低氧组、低氧＋VNP组和低氧＋8－Bromo-cGMP组。以MTT法观察各组细胞的生长情况,分别采用放射免疫和免疫组化的方法研究了VNP对细胞内cGMP水平和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达的影响。结果：低氧24h可以使培养的乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞MTT A490nm值显著升高（P＜0．05vs对照组）,VNP（10^-7mol/L和8－Bromo-cGMP(10^-3mol/L)均可以显著降低低氧刺激的心脏成纤维细胞MTT A490nm值（P＜0．05vs低氧组）;对照组和低氧组细胞内cGMP水平无显著差异,而VNP（10^-7mol/L）能升高细胞内cGMP水平（P＜0．05vs对照组、低氧组）;低氧组PCNA的表达显著强于对照组（P＜0．05vs对照组）,VNP（10^-7mol/L可以使低氧刺激的心脏成纤维细胞PCNA表达减弱（P＜0．05vs低氧组）。结论：VNP抑制低氧刺激的心脏成纤维细胞增殖与升高细胞内cGMP水平、减弱PCNA的表达有关。     

抑制circPVT1对瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及其相关机制研究

为探讨circPVT1对瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及分子机制,该实验将瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞分为si-NC组、si-circPVT1组、miR-NC组、miR-194-5p组、si-circPVT1+anti-miR-NC组以及si-circPVT1+anti-miR-194-5p组.RT-qPCR检测circPV...     

CD47基因对食道癌细胞增殖的影响

本研究将CD47-si RNA转染至食道癌细胞,采用蛋白免疫印迹检测食道癌细胞中CD47蛋白的表达,MTT法检测CD47-siRNA转染组和空质粒转染组(对照组)食道癌细胞增殖状态,蛋白免疫印迹检测CD47-siRNA转染组和空质粒转染组(对照组)食道癌细胞中PCNA蛋白表达,DCFDA染色流式细胞仪检测食道癌细胞CD47-siRNA转染组和空质粒转染组(对照组)中ROS水平,以探究CD47基因对食道癌发生发展的影响。研究结果表明,CD47-si RNA转染组食道癌细胞中CD47蛋白明显低于对照组;CD47-siRNA转染组食道癌细胞增殖率显著低于对照组(p<0.05);CD47-siRNA转染组细胞增殖相关蛋白PCNA低于对照组(p<0.01);CD47-siRNA转染组食道癌细胞中ROS水平明显高于对照组(p<0.05)。本研究初步认为:CD47-siRNA可降低食道癌细胞中CD47蛋白表达,抑制食道癌细胞的增殖并增加食道癌细胞中ROS水平。     

Nd：YAG激光对牙龈成纤维细胞增殖及超微结构的影响

这探讨Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光照射对牙龈成纤维细胞增殖状况及超微结构的影响,采用体外细胞培养技术,经一定能量密度（２０ｍｊ／ｃｍ＾２－１２０ｍｊ／ｃｍ＾２）的脉冲Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激肖照射后,观察牙龈成纤维细胞的增殖和细胞超微结构的变化。观察到２０ｍｊ／ｃｍ＾２－１２０ｍｊ／ｃｍ＾２能量密度的Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光均能使细胞的增殖受到抑制,透射电镜下可见,８０ｍｊ／ｃｍ＾２－１２０ｍｊ／ｃｍ＾２组细胞内结构明显受损。     

游离脂肪酸对人牙周膜成纤维细胞增殖的影响

目的:探讨游离脂肪酸(FFAs)对人牙周膜成纤维细胞增殖的影响,研究游离脂肪酸在代谢综合征患者牙周病发病机制中的作用。方法:选用在牙周组织修复中起主要作用的人牙周膜成纤维细胞进行体外培养,对照组加入不含胎牛血清的DMEM,实验组分别加入不同浓度的游离脂肪酸进行刺激,在刺激24h-72h后,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色(MTT)法检测人牙周膜成纤维细胞的增殖情况。结果:与对照组相比,游离脂肪酸可以抑制人牙周膜成纤维细胞的生长增殖(P<0.01),并且这种抑制作用具有浓度和时间依赖性,以培养72h后抑制作用最为明显(P<0.01)。结论:游离脂肪酸可以抑制牙周膜成纤维细胞的增殖,降低代谢综合征患者牙周组织的的修复能力,从而导致或加重牙周病的发生或发展。     

检测人成纤维细胞增殖的XTT比色法

利用3种不同来源的成纤维细胞(大鼠肾上皮细胞,人胎肺成纤维细胞,人成纤维细胞)的活细胞线粒体脱氢酶在电子偶联剂硫酸酚嗪甲酯（phenazine methosulfate, PMS）的协同作用下,还原四氮唑复合物(XTT)形成可溶性的棕黄色甲簪（formazan）产物,测定细胞甲簪的生成量来反映细胞的生长与活性状态,并与传统的四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)方法作比较.结果表明,XTT方法直接测定水溶性的甲簪产物,敏感度高于MTT法,具有操作简单、快速、灵敏度高、结果准确的优点,为成纤维细胞的研究建立了新的检测方法.     

510.6nm激光照射对兔血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

本文用５１０．６ｎｍ 波长激光以功率密度１、５、１０ ｍ Ｗ／ｃｍ ２ 和能量密度２、４、６Ｊ／ｃｍ ２ 照射体外培养的兔血管平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）,通过３Ｈ－ ＴｄＲ掺入率和细胞生长曲线测定细胞增殖率。结果显示,上述激光照射量均能抑制细胞增殖率,其中以１０ｍ Ｗ／ｃｍ ２ 组的作用最为显著     

Analysis of proliferative activity in colorectal mucosa by immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)

Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) has been suggested as a new approach for determinating proliferative activity in paraffin-embedded tissue. In a prospective study PCNA immunostaining was performed in 284 colorectal biopsies using monoclonal antibodies 19F4 (Ogata et al. 1987) and PC10 (Waseem and Lane 1990) and compared with the Ki67 method. From each site three biopsies were taken and a variety of fixation regimens for frozen and paraffin-embedded samples tested. For frozen biopsies methanol fixation at −20° C proved best. In paraffin sections PCNA could be detected after methacarn fixation as well as after controled fixation at 4° C in 4% paraformaldehyde for 1 h and in most biopsies routinely fixed with 10% formalin. However, the latter fixation regimens revealed additional PCNA-positive cells in the normal superficial colonic mucosal epithelium. Although the percentage of cells positive for PCNA was generally lower than for Ki67, the rates correlated in a highly significant fashion, both in frozen methanolfixed biopsies, and in paraformaldehyde-fixed paraffinembedded samples. PCNA immunohistochemistry revealed a similar proliferative activity in different parts of the large bowel. A higher proliferative activity was found in inflamed mucosa, adenomas, carcinomas and even in normal mucosa from patients with colorectal neoplasms. In routinely fixed biopies, the monoclonal antibody PC10 was superior to 19F4 because of considerably less background staining. However, in the routine material only a rough estimate of the proliferative activity was possible by PCNA immunohistochemistry using these antibodies, because unpredictable numbers of non-S-phase cells were also stained. Thus, it was concluded that reliable results are only obtainable after careful control of the fixation conditions. Taking this reservation into account, PCNA immunohistochemistry still represents a convenient method for measurements of proliferative activity in paraffin-embedded colorectal mucosa and can be applied using methanol-containing fixatives as well as after 4% paraformaldehyde fixation. Supported by a grant of the Werner and Klara Kreitz-Stiftung, Kiel to J.D.     

Growth of rat pancreatic acinar cells quantitated with a monoclonal antibody against the proliferating cell nuclear antigen

The monoclonal antibody PC10 raised against the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was used to study acinar cell replication in the pancreas of rats under different functional conditions. In Western blots, the antibody recognized a single band of 37 kDa in pancreatic homogenates indicating its specificity in this particular species and organ. Three conditions of growth were chosen for immunohistochemical analysis: pancreatic preand postnatal development, pancreatic regeneration after injury, and cholecystokinin-stimulated acinar cell proliferation. The time course of acinar cell replication under each condition was the same as that obtained after tritiated thymidine incorporation with subsequent autoradiography, indicating that the percentage of PCNA-positive cells reflects the pool of cycling cells in the models investigated. However, the absolute number of PCNA-positive cells was two to ten times higher than comparable labeling indices from ³H-thymidine autoradiography. This finding might reflect the half life of PCNA, which exceeds the duration of the S-phase. Thus, PCNA-positive cells not only represent S-phase cells, but also cells that have recently completed the cell cycle.     

Hair cell regeneration in the chick inner ear following acoustic trauma: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies

The regeneration of hair cells in the chick inner ear following acoustic trauma was examined using transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the localization of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) was demonstrated immunohistochemically. The auditory sensory epithelium of the normal chick consists of short and tall hair cells and supporting cells. Immediately after noise exposure to a 1500-Hz pure tone at a sound pressure level of 120 decibels for 48 h, all the short hair cells disappeared in the middle region of the auditory epithelium. Twelve hours to 1 day after exposure, mitotic cells, binucleate cells and PCNA-positive supporting cells were observed, and b-FGF immunoreactivity was shown in the supporting cells and glial cells near the habenula perforata. Spindle-shaped hair cells with immature stereocilia and a kinocilium appeared 3 days after exposure; these cells had synaptic connections with the newly developed nerve endings. The spindle-shaped hair cell is considered to be a transitional cell in the lineage of the supporting cell to the mature short hair cell. These results indicate that, after acoustic trauma, the supporting cells divide and differentiate into new short hair cells via spindle-shaped hair cells. Furthermore, it is suggested that b-FGF is related to the proliferation of the supporting cells and the extension of the nerve fibers.     

Primordial follicle activation and follicular development in the juvenile rabbit ovary

Of all the stages of mammalian folliculogenesis, the primordial to primary follicle transition is the least understood. In order to gain new insights into this process, we have conducted a comprehensive morphological, morphometric and molecular study of ovarian organisation and early follicle development in the rabbit. The structure of ovaries collected from rabbits aged from 2–12 weeks (a period encompassing primordial follicle formation, activation and the first wave of folliculogenesis in this species) has been analysed by light microscopy and the follicles present have been measured and scored for their developmental stage. To establish useful molecular markers of activation, we have further classified follicles according to their expression of the proliferative marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and the zona pellucida protein, ZPB. The activation of primordial follicles is initiated immediately following their formation in the rabbit ovary and is characterised by oocyte growth, granulosa cell morphogenesis and increased granulosa cell mitosis. Enhanced ZPB protein expression at the oolemma is also associated with follicle activation and development. Few primordial follicles in the juvenile rabbit ovary are lost by atresia, as assessed by the TUNEL assay. The appearance of apoptotic granulosa cells is however coincident with the development of antral follicles. This study thus describes the temporal and spatial regulation of early follicular development in the post-natal rabbit ovary and, for the first time, shows that the primordial to primary transition in the juvenile rabbit is a highly ordered process occurring within quantifiable parameters.K.J.H. was supported by the Pest Animal Control CRC and Post Graduate scholarships from the Australian National University.     

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in normal urothelium and urothelial lesions of the urinary bladder: a quantitative assessment using a true color image analysis system

To evaluate proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining for assessing proliferative activity in routine pathology specimens of urinary bladder, the bladder carcinoma cell line J82 and a total of 122 specimens of normal bladder and urothelial lesions were stained with the antibody clone PC10 against proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In in vitro plateau cultures the proportion of PCNA-positive cells exceeded that of Ki-67-positive cells, and only very few cells were negative. In formalin-fixed tissues, the PCNA staining pattern, which should be confined to replicon units in the nucleus, was optimized by 1 h postfixation in an organic solvent (methacarn). Sections showed positive nuclear staining confined to basal and some suprabasal cells in normal urothelium and grade 1 dysplasias, but more generalized nuclear staining in all other neoplastic lesions. In addition, stromal cells adjacent to invasive tumors showed nuclear positivity in some instances. Using quantitative true color image analysis of sections counterstained with hemalum, the degree of brown staining of the PCNA reaction product is contrasted with the blue staining of the nuclear area. With this method low contrast specific staining not appreciated optically can be reliably detected. Image analysis data confirmed observations made on noncounterstained sections and showed significant differences between grade 1 and 2 dysplasias as well as between grade 1 dysplasia and all grades of papillary tumor. Furthermore, a significant difference in PCNA staining indices was found between grade 1 and 3 bladder carcinomas. The results indicate that PCNA staining using the PC10 antibody is not confined to the proliferative fraction of neoplastic urothelium. In contrast with data from normal tissue and malignant hematological neoplasms, the amount of PCNA is regulated differently in urothelial neoplasms, emphasizing the biological differences between the following two sets: mild dysplasia and moderate dysplasia; mild dysplasia and papillary carcinomas. The use of image analysis to standardize the detection process after controlled staining conditions is advisable in order to provide reliable data. Supported by the DFG project: Knuechel/Urothelcarcinom 263     

极端嗜热古菌———芝田硫化叶菌DNA 连接酶的生化性质

极端嗜热古菌———芝田硫化叶菌 DNA 连接酶 (Ssh 连接酶 ) 的最适辅因子为 ATP ,在 dATP 存在时,该酶也能表现出较弱的连接活性 . ATP 或 dATP 都能够使该酶发生腺苷化,腺苷化的 Ssh 连接酶能够将腺苷基团转移至含切刻的 DNA 上 . 电泳迁移率改变实验表明, Ssh 连接酶能够结合双链 DNA ,且与含切刻及不含切刻的 DNA 结合的亲和力相同,但不结合单链 DNA. 酵母双杂交实验显示,硫磺矿硫化叶菌 ( 与芝田硫化叶菌亲缘关系很近 ) 的 DNA 连接酶,与该菌所含的 3 个增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA) 同源蛋白中的一个 (PCNA-1) 有相互作用,而与另外 2 个同源蛋白 (PCNA-like 和 PCNA-2) 则无相互作用 . 在古菌中高度保守的 Sac10b 蛋白家族成员 Ssh10b 能够激活 Ssh 连接酶的活性,而硫化叶菌中的主要染色体蛋白——— 7 ku DNA 结合蛋白 (Ssh7) 则对该酶活性没有影响 .     

Role of Y-family translesion DNA polymerases in replication stress: Implications for new cancer therapeutic targets

DNA replication stress, defined as the slowing or stalling of replication forks, is considered an emerging hallmark of cancer and a major contributor to genomic instability associated with tumorigenesis (Macheret and Halazonetis, 2015). Recent advances have been made in attempting to target DNA repair factors involved in alleviating replication stress to potentiate genotoxic treatments. Various inhibitors of ATR and Chk1, the two major kinases involved in the intra-S-phase checkpoint, are currently in Phase I and II clinical trials [2]. In addition, currently approved inhibitors of Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) show synthetic lethality in cells that lack double-strand break repair such as in BRCA1/2 deficient tumors [3]. These drugs have also been shown to exacerbate replication stress by creating a DNA-protein crosslink, termed PARP ‘trapping’, and this is now thought to contribute to the therapeutic efficacy. Translesion synthesis (TLS) is a mechanism whereby special repair DNA polymerases accommodate and tolerate various DNA lesions to allow for damage bypass and continuation of DNA replication (Yang and Gao, 2018). This class of proteins is best characterized by the Y-family, encompassing DNA polymerases (Pols) Kappa, Eta, Iota, and Rev1. While best studied for their ability to bypass physical lesions on the DNA, there is accumulating evidence for these proteins in coping with various natural replication fork barriers and alleviating replication stress. In this mini-review, we will highlight some of these recent advances, and discuss why targeting the TLS pathway may be a mechanism of enhancing cancer-associated replication stress. Exacerbation of replication stress can lead to increased genome instability, which can be toxic to cancer cells and represent a therapeutic vulnerability.     

Cell proliferation in the seminiferous and epididymal epithelia of Sus domesticus

It is important to understand the proliferative activity of the different structures of the male reproductive apparatus in livestock species, such as Sus domesticus, to ensure reproductive efficiency. The main aims of this study were (a) to evaluate the proliferative activity of the spermatogonia in the different stages of the seminiferous cycle and (b) to study the cell proliferation in the epididymal epithelium in each region, identifying the different cells involved. For this, the testes and epididymis of three healthy, sexually mature Sus domesticus boars were used. The organs were processed for light microscopy, and immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The cells immunostaining positively and negatively for proliferating cell nuclear antigen were counted and several parameters and indexes were calculated to evaluate the proliferation in both epithelia, taking into account the stage of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, and, in the case of the epididymal epithelium, the different regions and cells are the same. Finally, a contrast analysis of equality between pairs of means was carried out followed by a least significant differences test, in which differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. In the seminiferous epithelium, the greatest total number of spermatogonia and proliferating spermatogonia was observed in the postmeiotic stages (mainly VII and VIII). The proliferation index of the spermatogonia increased from the meiotic to postmeiotic stages. As regards the epididymal epithelium, the total proliferation index was higher in the caput. In each region, the clear and principal cells showed the highest proliferation index with respect to the total number of cells counted, whereas the proliferation index of each cell with respect to the same type was higher in the clear cells, followed by the narrow and principal cells. In conclusion, the proliferative activity of spermatogonia in the seminiferous epithelium of Sus domesticus is stage-dependent, and mainly occurs in the postmeiotic stages. In the epididymal epithelium, proliferative activity takes place in several cell types and is dependent on the anatomical region of the epididymis. We think that these results may be of importance for understanding the pathologic or reproductive processes in which cell proliferation is involved in the male reproductive system.     

火球菌Pyrococcus furious瓣状核酸内切酶1的表达纯化及酶学特征

【目的】克隆表达和纯化火球菌Pyrococcus furious来源的瓣状核酸内切酶1基因pFEN1(PF1414),对该蛋白的活性和酶学特征进行鉴定和分析。【方法】将pFEN1在大肠杆菌中进行重组表达,经亲和层析纯化得到电泳纯蛋白;利用人工合成的荧光标记的寡核苷酸片段作为底物,用变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定pFEN1在体外的酶学特性以及与其他蛋白的相互作用。【结果】pFEN1重组蛋白能在大肠杆菌中进行高效表达;高于100 mmol/L的NaCl会抑制pFEN1的活性;pFEN1的核酸酶活性依赖于金属离子Mg~(2+)或Mn~(2+),且Mn~(2+)的催化效率优于Mg~(2+);来自嗜热古菌的pFEN1是一种耐高温蛋白,最适反应温度为60–65°C;增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)能促进pFEN1的内切酶活性。【结论】本研究证实pFEN1是一种Mg~(2+)或Mn~(2+)依赖的核酸内切酶,且PCNA能促进该酶的活性。