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1.
植物几丁质酶的结构,基因及其表达   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
几丁质酶按其蛋白氨基酸序列结构的特征及同源性可分为六类,即:ClassⅠ-Ⅵ。ClassI在蛋白氨基酸结构上包括三个功能区域,N-端是富含半胱氨酸的几丁质结合工,约40个氨基酸;C-端是酶的催化区,也是酶的主要功能区域,约300个氨基酸;二者通过一个多变的交联区连接在一起。ClassⅡ仅具有类似于ClassⅠ的酶催化区域,而没有几丁质结构区和交联区。ClassⅢ几丁质酶在氨基酸序列上与ClassⅠ  相似文献   

2.
近年来对几丁质酶的研究越来越深入,资料也愈来愈多。有的植物几丁质酶除具有几丁质酶活性,还具有其它的活性。典型的几丁质酶由N_端信号区、催化区和C_端延伸区组成,有的还有几丁质结合域。各功能域具有各自的功能。对植物几丁质酶的分类已经过多次改进,目前公认的是分成4组9个亚组。有证据表明植物几丁质酶在进化过程中有遗传转座现象,但具体进化过程还有待进一步确证。对几丁质酶与其它一些蛋白的关系的了解有助于理解几丁质酶的起源和进化。由于几丁质酶具有独特的抗真菌特性,因而几丁质酶基因成为目前抗真菌基因工程研究的热点之一。  相似文献   

3.
植物过氧化物酶超家族的分子结构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘稳 《生命科学》2002,14(4):212-214
过氧化物酶广泛存在于生物中。基于序列相似性比较,可将真菌、细菌和植物来源的过氧化物酶归为一个超家族-植物过氧化物酶超家族。作者对近几年来植物过氧化物酶超家族的分子结构与功能研究进展,从过氧化物酶的辅基(血红素)微循环结构、过氧化物酶超家族的序列结构域,以及酶分子中底物结合位点和Ca^2+结合位点的结构等方面作了简要评述。  相似文献   

4.
植物几丁质酶的结构与功能、分类及进化   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
近年来对几丁质酶的研究越来越深入,资料也愈来愈多,有的植物几丁质酶除具有几丁质酶活性,还具有其它的活性,典型的几丁质酶由-N-端信号区,催化区和C-端延伸区组成,有的还有几丁质结合域,各项能域具有各自的功能,对植物几丁质酶的分类已经过多次改进,目前公认的分成4组9个亚组,有证据表明植物几丁质酶在进化过程中有遗传转座现象,但具有进化过程还有待进一步确证,对几丁质酶与其它一些蛋白的关系的了解有助于理解几丁质酶的起源和进化,由于几丁质酶具有独特的抗真菌特性,因而几丁质酶基因成为目前抗真菌基因工程研究的热之一。  相似文献   

5.
植物几丁质酶的生物功能   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
几丁质酶(EC3.2.1.14)是一种能降解几丁质(N乙酰氨基葡萄糖线性聚物)的糖苷酶。已经发现多种微生物、动物、植物都可产生几丁质酶。就植物而言,几丁质酶不仅存在于被子植物的双子叶植物和单子叶植物,而且也存在于裸子植物及蕨类植物中[1]。在植株中,几丁质酶可分布于根、茎、叶、花器、果实、种子诸器官。种子、根、花器中的几丁质酶含量一般较其它器官高。在正常情况下,植物中几丁质酶活性较低,但经诱导因子诱导,活性会迅速升高。真菌、细菌、病毒的侵染,真菌和植物细胞壁的组成成分,多糖等诱导物,伤害,乙烯,有机分子如水杨酸、氨基酸类…  相似文献   

6.
文章就植物中单糖转运蛋白的分离克隆,结构、功能及其调节机制的研究进展进行介绍。  相似文献   

7.
植物中的冷激蛋白   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
史海水  廖祥儒  尚丹 《生命科学》2003,15(5):307-311
植物冷激蛋白结构保守,具有RNA结合位点(S1结构域)或类似的β折叠构成的桶状结构,它与原核生物冷激蛋白同源性高,通过转录、翻译等的调节完成其生理功能。  相似文献   

8.
植物过氧化物酶研究进展   总被引:128,自引:0,他引:128  
过氧化物酶 [peroxidase,POD,EC1 .1 1 .1 .7(X) ]是广泛存在于各种动物、植物和微生物体内的一类氧化酶。催化由过氧化氢参与的各种还原剂的氧化反应 :RH2 H2 O2 →2 H2 O R。植物过氧化物酶的研究可追溯到 1 80 9年用愈创树脂为底物进行的颜色反应。但直到一个世纪之后才开展此酶的分离和命名。已知的催化反应底物超过 2 0 0种 ,以及多种过氧化物和辅助因子。迄今被研究最深入的应首推辣根过氧化物酶 (horseradish pero-xidase,HRP)。早在 1 94 0年 ,Thorell即用电泳方法从部分纯化的辣根组织中区分出 2种不同的 HRP,之后此酶…  相似文献   

9.
植物几丁质酶按其蛋白氨基酸序列结构特征及同源性可分为六类,即:ClassI-Ⅵ。ClasI在蛋白氨基酸结构上包括三个功能区域,N-端是富含半胱氨酸的几丁质结合区,约40个氨基酸;C-端是酶的催化区,也是酶的主要功能区域,约300个氨基酸;二者通过一个多变的交联区连接在一起。ClassⅡ仅具有类似于ClassⅠ的酶催化区域,而没有几丁质结合区和交联区。ClassⅢ几丁质酶在氨基酸序列上与ClassⅠ和Ⅱ没有任何同源性,其中有些具有几丁质酶和溶菌酶双重活性。ClassⅣ类似于ClassⅠ,只是在几丁质结合区和催化区缺失了少数氨基酸。ClassV类似于ClassⅠ,但具有两个重复的几丁质结合区。ClasVI与前五类几丁质酶无同源性,但与微生物几丁质酶有同源性。所有的植物几丁质酶都是由一个小的多基因族编码的,一般基因中有二个内含子,都位于催化区内。几丁质酶的表达受病原物和植物激素的诱导而表达,也与植物的发育有关。通过转几丁质酶基因的工程植株分析几丁质酶基因的启动子,已鉴定出负责几丁质酶表达的调控序列。  相似文献   

10.
植物外源凝集素及其在植物基因工程中的应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
植物外源凝集素及其基因研究近年来发展迅速 ,尤其是在植物基因工程中 ,植物外源凝集素越来越受到重视。本文介绍了植物外源凝集素的分类、分布、多样性、基本组成与结构、凝集素基因同源性、表达及生物学功能等。重点讨论了凝集素基因在植物基因工程中的应用  相似文献   

11.
苯丙烷代谢途径是植物主要代谢途径之一,可产生黄酮、酚酸和木质素类等物质,这些物质不仅参与调控植物生长发育和抗逆等生理活动,还被用于预防和治疗疾病,是决定药用植物品质的关键因素之一。苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL)负责催化苯丙烷类代谢途径中第一个反应,是此途径的关键酶和限速酶。本文就药用植物中PAL基因的基本特性、表达调控机制等方面的研究进行综述,为进一步阐明药用植物中PAL的功能提供参考依据。  相似文献   

12.
利用真核基因表达调控的原理,以pSV2-dhfr为起始材料,构建了两个通用的真核质粒表达载体pMAML1-dhfr和pMAML2-dhfr,它们包含人巨细胞病毒立即早期启动子/增强子调控元件,由两个转录方向相同或相反的表达单元组成.以荧火虫荧光素酶基因为报道基因,β-半乳苷酶基因为内对照,借助COS-7短暂表达系统,研究了它们对荧光素酶表达的影响,并比较了它们与出发载体pSV2-dhfr的相对强弱.  相似文献   

13.
Summary We have previously isolated a legumin gene LeB4 from Vicia faba and shown that a 4.7 kb DNA fragment containing the gene leads to seed-specific expression in transgenic tobacco plants. Here we report that the 2.4 kb upstream sequence alone, when fused to either the neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) gene or the -glucuronidase (uidA) gene, leads to high enzyme levels in transgenic seeds of both tobacco and Arabidopsis. -Glucuronidase (GUS) activity is especially intense in the cotyledons fading out towards the embryonal root tip, a result confirmed by in situ hybridization. Staining of endosperm cells is consistent in both species. Analysis of a series of promoter deletion mutants fused to the nptII gene and introduced into tobacco plants revealed that about 1 kb of 5-flanking sequence is sufficient for high-level expression but indirect evidence suggests the presence of weak positive regulatory elements further upstream. Deletions leaving only 0.2 kb of upstream sequence reduce enzyme levels to less than 10%. A deletion which destroys the legumin box with its seed protein gene-specific CATGCATG motif has no obvious effects on expression levels.  相似文献   

14.
    
We present a new WWW-based tool for plant gene analysis, the Arabidopsis Co-Expression Tool (ACT), based on a large Arabidopsis thaliana microarray data set obtained from the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre. The co-expression analysis tool allows users to identify genes whose expression patterns are correlated across selected experiments or the complete data set. Results are accompanied by estimates of the statistical significance of the correlation relationships, expressed as probability (P) and expectation (E) values. Additionally, highly ranked genes on a correlation list can be examined using the novel clique finder tool to determine the sets of genes most likely to be regulated in a similar manner. In combination, these tools offer three levels of analysis: creation of correlation lists of co-expressed genes, refinement of these lists using two-dimensional scatter plots, and dissection into cliques of co-regulated genes. We illustrate the applications of the software by analysing genes encoding functionally related proteins, as well as pathways involved in plant responses to environmental stimuli. These analyses demonstrate novel biological relationships underlying the observed gene co-expression patterns. To demonstrate the ability of the software to develop testable hypotheses on gene function within a defined biological process we have used the example of cell wall biosynthesis genes. The resource is freely available at http://www.arabidopsis.leeds.ac.uk/ACT/  相似文献   

15.
    
We have shown leaf-specific inhibition GUS gene expression in transgenic Nicotiana plants using an antisense RNA with a 41-base homology spanning the translation start codon of the gene. GUS was expressed from the nominally constitutive 35S promoter and the antisense RNA was expressed from the light-regulated ca/b promoter of Arabidopsis thaliana. A range of GUS inhibition from 0 to 100% was obtained by screening a small population of transgenic plants and the specific levels of inhibition observed were stably inherited in two generations. An antiGUS gene dosage effect was observed in plants which were homozygous for antiGUS. RNA detection results suggest that duplex formation with the 41 base pair antiGUS RNA destabilized the GUS mRNA and that an excess of antisense. RNA was not required. Our results demonstrate the potential of antisense RNA as a strategy for obtaining plant mutants, especially down mutations in essential genes where only a short 5 sequence of the mRNA is required. They also suggest that the position effect on gene expression could be used in conjunction with an antisense RNA strategy to provide a versatile approach for crop improvement.  相似文献   

16.
吕权真  张景翔  姜远英  王彦 《菌物学报》2020,39(11):2149-2160
白念珠菌是临床最常见的致病真菌,共有约6 100个基因,阐明其基因功能,尤其是致病性和耐药性相关基因的功能对发现抗真菌的新策略和新靶点有举足轻重的意义。白念珠菌基因功能研究的策略主要包括基因敲除和基因表达调控,近年来,白念珠菌基因功能研究的技术手段不断发展,本文就常用技术的发展进行综述,对相关技术存在的不足和发展前景也进行了分析。  相似文献   

17.
EB病毒BNLF-1基因的分子生物学研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
位于EB病毒基因组U5-TR区内的BNLF-1基因,其转译产物为潜伏膜蛋白(latent membrane protein1, LMP-1),由于LMP-1可以导致细胞转化并在EB病毒致癌过程中具有重要作用,因而成为近年来EB病毒分子生物学及相关肿瘤如人鼻咽癌、伯基特淋巴瘤、何杰金氏病等疾病病因发病学研究的热点,并取得了一批有重要意义的成果,文章从BNLF-1的基因结构及表达调控, LMP蛋白的结构及生化功能, LMP-1的生物学功能和LMP-1研究进行评述.  相似文献   

18.
基因表达调控是生物体生长发育的一个重要环节.在这一过程中,染色质重塑复合物扮演了非常重要的作用.SAGA是一个至少由20个蛋白组成的不依赖ATP的多功能染色质重塑复合物,它通过对组蛋白H3和H2B氨基末端赖氨酸乙酰化修饰来松动染色质结构,从而促进基因转录的起始.目前,对SAGA及其同源物的研究表明,SAGA及其同源物参与了许多重要的生物学功能,如mRNA输出、DNA损伤修复、胚胎发育、细胞癌变等.  相似文献   

19.
    
In the last couple of decades, biomarkers have been on the rise for diagnostic and predictive value. There has been a rush to identify new markers using new technologies and drug repurposing approaches. SMARCB1 acronym arises from the SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable)-related Matrix-associated Actin-dependent Regulator of Chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1). It is a molecule, whose role is associated with the sucrose metabolism. SMARCB1 is also called INI1 (Integrase Interactor 1). The molecule was discovered in the mid-1990s. Its role as a loss-of-function marker for malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) of renal and extrarenal origin has enormously expanded the spectrum of involved neoplasms since that time. Several tumors have been characterized by genetic aberrations in the SMARCB1 gene. They include reduction in expression, loss of expression, and mosaic expression. Most of the tumors are sarcomas, but a variegated group of tumors with mixed phenotypes has also been delineated. It is well known that the outcome of patients harboring genetic aberrations in the SMARCB1 gene has been poor. Guo et al. reported that reduced SMARCB1 expression occurred in 70% of osteosarcomas. Their data significantly correlated with poor neoadjuvant response. These authors emphasize a shorter progression-free and overall survival of the patients demonstrating an altered expression of this gene. Interestingly, mRNA in silico analysis established that SMARCB1 expression correlates with the response to chemotherapy of osteosarcoma patients, but there was no reliable correlation between SMARCB1 expression level and metastasis, response to neoadjuvant therapy, overall survival, and progression-free survival. The study involved a tissue microarray (TMA) on bone tumors that may limit the full evaluation of the gene expression. Nevertheless, Guo et al.’s study is remarkable. It expands the list of the tumors harboring an altered SMARCB1 gene expression and suggests that this marker should be investigated in every pathology workup for potential predictive value. On the other side, much work needs to be done if we hope that we strive to provide additional therapeutic strategies for osteosarcoma patients with altered SMARCB1 gene expression.  相似文献   

20.
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