增强剂量的CTOP方案联合放疗治疗非何杰金氏淋巴瘤的疗效观察

目的:分析增强剂量CTOP方案联合放疗治疗非何杰金氏淋巴瘤的疗效.方法:我院从2005年5月至2008年5月期间初治43例非何杰金氏淋巴瘤患者,随机分成对照组和观察组,分别采用常规剂量(THP40mg/m2)和增强剂量(THP60mg/m2)CTOP方案治疗6-8个疗程,第4-6个疗程后放疗一次,观察疗效及不良反应.结果:对照组总有效率(CR+PR)为81.82%,观察组的总有效率(CR+PR)为85.71%,疗效有所提高.两组毒副作用差异无显著性.结论:增强剂量CTOP方案结合放疗治疗非何杰金氏淋巴瘤有较好的疗效,与常规剂量CTOP方案相比毒副作用相仿.     

糖皮质激素受体α在脑膜瘤的表达及意义

目的探讨糖皮质激素受体α(GRα)在脑膜瘤的表达及在脑膜瘤发生发展中的意义。方法应用流式细胞术(FCM)检测58例脑膜瘤的增殖指数(PI)、S期细胞比率(SPF)、DNA倍性以评价肿瘤细胞的增殖活性,应用RT-PCR法检测脑膜瘤与7例正常硬脑膜GRα的表达,比较脑膜瘤与正常硬脑膜GRα表达的差异,并分析GRα表达与脑膜瘤病理级别、PI、SPF、DNA倍性的关系。结果58例脑膜瘤的PI为9·32%±4·41%,SPF为2·79%±2·43%。其中二倍体51例,异倍体7例,异倍体率为12·1%。GRα“-”9例,“ ”13例,“”15例,“”9例,“”12例,总的阳性率为84·5%。而7例正常硬脑膜均为GRα阴性表达,脑膜瘤的GRα阳性率显著高于正常硬脑膜。GRα阴性、弱阳性、强阳性这三组脑膜瘤的PI、SPF均无显著差异,GRα阳性与阴性脑膜瘤的异倍体率也未见差异。结论脑膜瘤组织是糖皮质激素的靶组织,GRα在脑膜瘤的发生中具有一定的意义;在诸多影响因素之中,GRα不是调节脑膜瘤增殖的主要因素,它的表达对脑膜瘤细胞的增殖活性无显著影响。     

干扰素现在和将来在治癌中的应用

<正>用重组白细胞α干扰素治疗末用过细胞毒药物的非何杰金氏淋巴瘤(NHL);慢性淋巴细胞型白血病(CLL);难治的皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤和毛细胞型白血病(HCL)均显示其疗效。对NHL的缓解期为16—55周,平均为18周。对HCL治疗开始2—3月就出现白细胞计数改善,有的2周后就显示效果,完全缓解者5％,部份缓解者70％,稍有效者14％,但大多数患者骨髓未恢复正常,只有5％无效,中断治疗者6％。干扰     

非何杰金氏淋巴瘤在石蜡切片的免疫表型研究

用单克隆抗体ＬＣＡ,ＵＣＨＬ１,ＭＴ１,ＭＢ１,ＭＢ２,ＬＮ１和ＬＮ２对６５例非何杰金氏淋巴瘤常规福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织切片作免疫表型研究。证实Ｂ细胞性淋巴瘤５０例（７７％）。Ｔ细胞性淋巴瘤１１例（１７％）（４例染色不良,未能分型）。根据国际工作分类,本组Ｔ细胞淋巴瘤所占比例分别是１１％,２７％和１３％。全部病例中ＬＣＡ阳性率９７％。Ｔ细胞抗体ＵＣＨＬ;阳性率（９１％）明显高于ＭＴ１（７３％）,且与Ｂ淋巴细胞无交叉反应。４种Ｂ细胞抗体阳性率分别为ＬＮ。（９６％）,ＭＢ２（９４％）,ＬＮ１（８６％）,ＭＢ１（８４％）。ＬＮ２和ＬＮ１对源于滤泡中心细胞淋巴瘤有更强的反应。研究结果表明上述单克隆抗体可有效用于非何杰金氏淋巴瘤石蜡切片的免疫组织化学标记,合理选用单克隆抗体有助于进行免疫学分型。     

食管鳞癌Cyclin D1与细胞增殖关系的研究及意义

目的　探讨食管鳞癌细胞中细胞周期素D1(CyclinD1)表达与细胞增殖的关系及意义。方法　应用免疫组织化学和流式细胞术检测 48例食管鳞癌组织中CyclinD1蛋白表达及DNA倍体、S期细胞比值、G2 /M期细胞比值。结果　 48例食管鳞癌中CyclinD1阳性表达率为 45 8%(2 2 / 48) ;DNA异倍体检出率为 5 0 %(2 4/ 48) ,CyclinD1阳性表达的标本中DNA异倍体的检出率为 6 8 2 %(15 / 2 2 ) ,显著高于CyclinD1阴性表达的标本 (33 3%,9/ 2 7,P <0 0 5 )。CyclinD1表达阳性的肿瘤中细胞周期G2 /M期的比值也明显高于CyclinD1表达阴性的肿瘤 (分别为 5 98± 4 87和 4 12± 2 70 ,P<0 0 5 )。结论　从观察结果推测CyclinD1的表达可以加速肿瘤细胞增殖。分析食管鳞癌CyclinD1、DNA倍体及不同时相的细胞增殖有助于帮助分析和判断病人的预后。     

肠道非何杰金淋巴瘤与EB病毒感染的相关性研究

目的：研究肠道非何杰金淋巴瘤(NHL)与EB病毒(EBV)感染相关性。方法：利用EBV寡核探针(EBER)原位杂交法检测EB病毒。结果：16例肠道NHL好发部位于小肠下端和结肠,以单发瘤结节多见,常伴有溃疡形成。经免疫组化证实3例为T细胞淋巴瘤(18．75％),13例为B细胞淋巴瘤(81．25％)。：EBV—EBER原位杂交3例有阳性表达,均为T细胞淋巴瘤,阳性细胞占肿瘤细胞的25％～75％。B细胞淋巴瘤未见阳性表达。结论：肠道非何杰金淋巴瘤以B细胞淋巴瘤多发,并以惰性淋巴瘤为多见;而T细胞淋巴瘤多为侵袭性,且与EBV感染的相关性较高,与B细胞淋巴瘤无相关性。     

口腔肿瘤的预后与肿瘤细胞异倍体关系

目的研究口腔肿瘤预后与异倍体细胞的关系。方法口腔肿瘤切除后,将肿瘤组织在玻片印1-2张。经Feulgen染色,用DNA图像分析系统分析DNA含量。将DNA倍体分析异常结果分为3级,Ⅰ级为少数5c异倍体细胞,Ⅱ级可见1个异倍体细胞峰,Ⅲ级可见多个异倍体细胞峰。其余肿瘤组织做病理分型分期。结果 30例口腔肿瘤按转移情况分为Ⅰ级19例,Ⅱ级6例和Ⅲ级5例。在19例Ⅰ级病例中,有12例(12/19)DNA倍体分析发现有5c异倍体细胞峰。30例口腔肿瘤按病理分化程度分为16例高分化,9例中等分化和5例低分化程度。在16例高分化病例中,有11例(11/16)可见5c异倍体细胞而无异倍体细胞峰。14例中等或低分化病例中,有12例可见DNA异倍体细胞峰。结论口腔肿瘤细胞异倍体细胞数量及细胞峰型与肿瘤分期和分化程度有关,即异倍体细胞越多,预后越差。     

人4-1BBL胞外区/抗CD20 Fab'融合蛋白的构建和表达

研究共刺激分子4-1BBL在肿瘤靶向治疗方面的作用,用PCR和overlap PCR方法构建人4-1BBL胞外区/抗CD20 Fab'融合蛋白表达载体,并用双脱氧终止法测定DNA序列;采用亲和层析法纯化该产物,并用SDS-PAGE和HPLC鉴定纯化产物;采用玫瑰花环试验鉴定纯化产物与靶细胞的结合活性.DNA序列测定结果表明:人4-1BBL胞外区/抗CD20 Fab'融合蛋白已构建成功.表达可溶性产物的产量达200 μg/L以上,纯度较高.具有与激活的Jurkat(4-1BBL )和Raji细胞(CD20 )结合的活性.这将为非何杰金氏淋巴瘤免疫治疗、靶向治疗提供新的思路.     

用PCR技术检测活检组织和鼻咽上皮细胞内EB病毒基因

选用Epstin-Barr病毒(EBV)基因组内部重复序列1(IR1)片断作为多聚酶链反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)扩增引物,用于检测了31例不同病例活检组织和4例新鲜鼻咽组织经体外培养6周以上的新生上皮细胞内EBV基因,其中检出EBVDNA:高分化鼻咽癌5/5,低分化鼻咽癌4/4,何杰金氏病5/5,非何杰金氏病0/2,头颈其他肿瘤1/6,鼻咽慢性炎症0/5,正常鼻咽组织0/4;新生上皮细胞DNA抽提物;低分化鼻咽癌2/2,炎症0/1,正常人胚鼻咽上皮0/1;携带EBV基因组细胞系(Raji,B_(95-8)各1)2/2,致淋巴细胞转化之B_(95-8)病毒为10~(-4),PCR检测10~(-4)～10~(-6)均阳性,10~(-7)未检出。结果表明EBV与鼻咽癌与何杰金氏病有关,常规石蜡包埋切片仅8μm×0.1mm~2,贮存时间至三年仍可用于PCR检测EBV DNA,证实PCR是一种快速、灵敏和特异测捡EBV基因组的方法,可作为肿瘤和疚病病毒病因回顾性调直研究的有力手段。     

非何杰金恶性淋巴瘤的PCNA及其凋亡调控基因的表达

为探讨非何杰金恶性淋巴瘤（NHL）的细胞增殖及共与凋亡调控基因bcl-2、bax表达状态之间的关系。利用免疫组化方法检测了62例NHL中的PCNA、P53、bcl-2及bax基因蛋白的表达水平。结果显示随着NHL恶性程度的逐增,PCNA、P53及bcl-2蛋白的表达率、表达强度及其阳性细胞密度逐渐增高,低度恶性组明显低于中度及高度恶性组（P＜0.01）;而bax蛋白的表达情况则相反,低度恶性组显高于中度及高度恶性组（P＜0.01）;但它们四在中度及高度恶性组的表达均无统计学意义（P＞0.050。提示NHL中不仅存在大量的增殖细胞,而且还伴有细胞凋亡调控的异常,细胞增殖与凋亡的失衡在NHL发生发展中可能起重要作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.