蛋白激酶C在小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟和受精中的作用

蛋白激酶是一类重要的丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶。本实验以小鼠为实验动物,研究了PKC在卵母细胞体外成熟、活化和受精中的可能作用,及两种PKC亚型在卵母细胞中的定位。PKC激活剂PMA可以阻止CV期卵母细胞在体外恢复减数分裂,该作用可被PKC抑制剂calphostin C抵消,但不能被PLCγ抑制剂U73122或PKCδ专一性抑制剂Rottlerin所克服。Western印迹显示PKCα和βⅠ在卵母细胞发育过程中恒量表达。激光共聚焦显微术研究发现,受精或受到活化刺激后PKCα转位到卵母细胞膜上,同时皮质颗粒排放,说明PKCα可能参与调节卵皮质反应。本实验首次在小鼠中研究了PLCγ与受精的关系,发现不存在PKC对PLCγ的正反馈调节。此外,本研究还对小鼠卵巢中对PKCα和βⅠ进行了蛋白定位研究。     

小鼠卵母细胞成熟和受精过程中Ca^2＋分布变化的研究

用焦锑酸钾原位定位法、膜结合Ｃａ＾２＋荧光探针金霉素标记法,分别在电镜和光镜水平对小鼠卵成熟和卵受精过程中结合态Ｃａ＾２＋的分布及其变化进行了研究,发现：１）Ｃａ＾２＋分布于线粒体、胞质、内质网囊泡、微绒毛和透明带等部位,其中以线粒体基质中分布密度为最大;２）减数分裂Ｉ中、后期于纺锤体极区结合有较多的Ｃａ＾２＋;３）生发泡、纺锤体和原核内膜结合态Ｃａ＾２＋含量很少,但纺锤体和原核周围分布较多;４）     

小鼠卵受精和人工激活过程中胞质游离Ca^2＋变化及其在卵激活中的作用

休止于第二次成熟分裂中期（ＭＩ）的小鼠卵母细胞分别乙醇,钙离子载体Ａ２３１８７、电刺激或精子激活并用Ｃａ＾２＋特异荧光探针－Ｆｕｒａ２／ＡＭ测定细胞内游离Ｃａ＾２＋的变化。结果表明,受精诱导ＭⅡ卵内游离Ｃａ＾２＋浓度多次跃升（ｏｓｃｉｌｌａｔｉｏｎ）乙醇,钙离子载体及１次电刺激仅诱导胞内Ｃａ＾２＋１次升高,人工诱导激活的卵可象正常受精卵一样卵裂并发育至囊胚,用ＥＧＴＡ阻止受精和人工激活过程中卵内游     

抗真菌药物影响生殖细胞发育机理的研究

目的：探讨抗真菌药物对促性腺激素诱导的卵母细胞成熟的机理。方法：用小鼠卵母细胞体外培养模型,将小鼠卵母细胞培养在含有次黄嘌呤（ＨＸ,卵母细胞成熟抑制物）的培养注中,观察促卵泡生成素（ＦＳＨ）、两性毒素Ｂ、酮康唑对卵母细胞减数分裂恢复的影响。结果：①ＦＳＨ（１０￣２００ＩＵ／Ｌ）显著刺激卵丘－卵母细胞复合体（ＣＥＯ）克服ＨＸ的抑制而恢复减数分裂,该作用具有剂量依赖性（Ｐ〈０．０５）;②两性霉素Ｂ（０     

口服醋酸棉酚前后人精子体外受精能力及精核转变的细胞学观察

本文报道口服醋酸棉酚对人精子体外受精能力、原核及染色体形成的影响。结果表明,在口服醋酸棉酚前的9名男性精子对金黄地鼠卵的穿透率平均为62%。每日口服20mg醋酸棉酚15天后,精子对卵的穿透率下降至47%,30天后下降至24%,50天后下降至8%。即口服醋酸棉酚50天后达到了不再具有生殖能力的精子穿透率阈值(10%)以下。原核及染色体形成的观察表明,即使口服醋酸棉酚50天后,仍可见有完整原核的形成,并未见有明显的染色体畸变。综述上列结果,似乎表明口服醋酸棉酚虽可影响人精子对去除透明带金黄地鼠卵的穿透率,而进入卵内的精子仍可形成原核及染色体。因此,仅从成熟精子的生理功能而论,口服醋酸棉酚期间它似乎并不产生可察觉的致畸效应,这与醋酸棉酚对体细胞并无致畸作用的报道相一致。     

小鼠卵子在不同条件下的体外受精

本实验比较了小鼠精、卵细胞在不同生理状态下体外的受精能力。结果表明,体内受精率明显地高于体外(p<0.05),自发排出的卵子比超数排出的卵子受精率高(p<0.05),体外获能的附睾精子比体内获能的子宫精子受精率高(p<0.01)。唯独用超数排出的卵子和体外获能的附辜精子体外受精时,其受精率和体内相似。     

两种发育型鱼类卵母细胞成熟过程中促精核发育现象的研究

采用实验细胞学技术,比较研究了红鲤精核在雌核发育鱼类(银鲫)和两性融合发育鱼类(红鲤、彩鲫)卵母细胞成熟各阶段中的发育状况,结果表明:在两性融合发育鱼类中,当卵母细胞发育到胚泡破裂期吋,精核开始解凝发育,及至第一次成熟分裂中期后阶段,高度解凝的精核才开始原核化,相应地,在雌核发育银鲫中,精核也只有在与胚泡物质接触后,才能开始解凝,并且在三极纺锤体形成后期初步原核化,但与两性融合发育鱼类相比,精核的原核化程度明显降低。这些实验结果初步揭示,在两性融合和雌核发育鱼类卵中均可产生促精核解凝和原核化的两类因子(SNDFs和SPDFs),其中SNDFs的活性表达起始于卵母细胞胚泡破裂时期,而SPDFs活性则产生于第一次成熟分裂中期后或三极纺锤体形成后阶段,并且两性融合发育鱼类卵中的SPDFs活性远远高于雌核发育鱼类卵母细胞。     

体外培养条件下促性腺激素对昆明白小鼠卵母细胞成熟及卵丘扩展的影响

研究促卵泡激素（FSH）,人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG)对昆明白小鼠卵母细胞成熟和卵丘扩展的影响,以及体外培养时卵丘扩展与卵母细胞成熟之间的关系,FSH可以明显促进次黄嘌吟（HX）抑制条件下的卵丘－卵母细胞复合体CEO卵母细胞成熟及卵丘扩展,其最佳作用剂量为100IU／L,且FSH作用30分钟即可以使CEO获得恢复减数分裂的信息,在HX存在的条件下,FSH处理后10hr,CEO卵丘明显扩展,而生发泡破裂（GVBD）则在16－20hr明显增加,所有卵丘未扩展的CEO中卵母细胞均未发生GVBD,低剂量hCG单独或与FSH共同存在,对CEO卵母细胞成熟及卵丘扩展均无明显影响;高剂量hCG可以部分抑制FSH对卵母细胞成熟的促进作用,结果表明：FSH明显促进CEO卵母细胞成熟及卵丘扩展,而hCG却不具有此作用,体外培养条件下（含次黄嘌呤）,卵丘扩展是卵母细胞成熟的前提条件,但卵母细胞成熟并不需要卵丘完全扩展。     

RNA SYNTHESIS IN THE MOUSE OOCYTE

RNA synthesis in the oocyte and granulosa cell nuclei of growing follicles has been studied in the mouse ovary. The RNA precursor [³H]uridine was administered intraperitoneally to adult mice and the amount of label incorporated into ovarian RNA was quantitated autoradiographically using grain-counting procedures. Uridine incorporation into the nucleus is low in oocytes of small, resting follicles but increases during follicle growth and reaches a peak prior to the beginning of antrum formation. Thereafter uptake rapidly declines and is very low in the oocytes of maturing follicles. Uridine incorporation into granulosa cell nuclei, in contrast to that found in the oocyte, increases gradually during most of the period of follicle growth. Qualitative studies of the activity of endogenous, DNA-dependent RNA polymerases have also been made in fixed oocytes isolated from follicles at different stages of growth. Polymerase activity is demonstrable in the nucleolus and nucleoplasm of oocytes from growing follicles, but is absent from maturing oocytes of large follicles.     

EGF促进小鼠卵母细胞体外减数分裂启动机制的研究

EGF和孕酮对小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂的重新启动具有促进作用,EGF的作用是通过促进颗粒细胞分泌孕酮实现的。使用孕酮合成关键酶3β-HSD的抑制剂Epostane可抑制EGF促进单层培养卵巢颗粒细胞的孕酮合成,从而降低EGF对卵母细胞的促进作用。Ca~(2 )参与了EGF和孕酮的促减数分裂重新启动作用。肝素可降低两者的作用。EGF和孕酮均可使单个卵丘颗粒细胞内的Ca~(2 )水平出现波动,并且EGF使卵丘细胞维持较高的Ca~(2 )水平。     

小鼠腹腔激活巨噬细胞体外免疫调变机理的初步研究(简报)

激活巨噬细胞既是机体抵抗肿瘤和微生物感染的一类效应细胞,又是重要的免疫调节细胞。但是,激活巨噬细胞同时具有抗肿瘤作用和免疫抑制效应已被大量实验所证实。这种免疫抑制作用是肿瘤免疫治疗中亟待解决的一个问题。我们实验室近来的工作表明,用高剂量的脂多糖(LPS,10μg/ml)体外处理巯基乙醇酸钠诱发的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞和培养的人体     

AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF RADIATION DAMAGE IN THE MOUSE OOCYTE

Cytological changes occurring in young oocytes of the mouse, following whole-body x-irradiation, have been examined by light and electron microscopy. Two minutes after a dose of 200 r, a drop occurs in the number of mitochondria per oocyte. The normal number of mitochondria is restored in the next few minutes. Five to 6 hours after a dose of 7 r, and 30 to 45 minutes following a dose of 200 r, all the oocytes are markedly contracted. In the next 2 hours (at a dose of 7 r), some cells shrink further and become pycnotic, while others expand and show signs of karyolysis. Of the expanded cells, some (about 50 per cent of total young oocytes) become morphologically normal. In both pycnotic and karyolytic nuclei, the nucleolus was contracted but without loss of its fibrillar structure. The contracted nucleolus appeared similar to those seen in some nearly mature normal oocytes (these oocytes have a high natural death rate). No other cell type in the ovary was affected by doses of x-rays up to 200 r. Observations on the nucleus of the normal oocyte are included. In the dictyate stage of meiotic prophase the chromosomes were dispersed into bundles of 100 A microfibrils. The main component of the nucleolus was found to be tightly coiled fibrils of 60 to 100 A, which appear to have a close relationship with the microfibrils of the chromosomes.     

小鼠精子在附睾成熟过程中质膜糖蛋白的变化

利用蛋白印迹法研究了小鼠精子在附睾成熟过程中质膜糖蛋白的变化。结果表明：与花生凝集素结合的１０４ｋＤ和９５ｋＤ糖蛋白,与伴刀豆凝集素结合的１１７、１１４、１０４、８７、７６、７０ｋＤ糖蛋白在睾丸中已完成了蛋白合成及修饰过程;与伴刀豆凝集素结合的１２０ｋＤ和６５ｋＤ糖蛋白,与双花扁豆凝集素结合的５４ｋＤ糖蛋白在精子附睾成熟过程中被修饰成其它种类的蛋白或被丢失。与伴刀豆凝集素结合的１０９ｋＤ糖蛋白,与     

羊精子体外获能

本文发展了一种羊精子体外获能培养基——mTs或RSCM。羊精子在该培养基中(39℃.pH7.8和5％ CO_2,95％空气)预先培养7小时,可使大部分精子获能。获能精子呈现超激活运动,并可穿透去透明带仓鼠卵,穿透率分别为78.5±14.3％和96.7±2.3％,这种作用可被同种精浆逆转。获能精子与同种卵的受精率为83.3％。16个受精卵等量移入2只假孕兔输卵管壶腹部中。72小时后回收到12个胚胎。其中6个胚胎已发育为4—8细胞阶段,将这些细胞等量移入2只受体母羊输卵管壶腹部。其中1只妊娠,并维持到2个月之久。     

昆明小鼠精子冷冻的研究(简报)

胚胎工程技术是动物品种、品系培育,种质资源保存及转基因动物制备、保种的重要手段。配子的冷冻保存技术目前广泛应用于胚胎工程。和胚胎冷冻相比小鼠精子冷冻技术方便、高效尤其适用于转基因及突变系小鼠的保种。成功的精子冷冻要求复苏后通过体外受精(IVF)获得胚胎,再移植入受体,生长发育并产出幼仔。胚胎体外培养获得足够的晚桑葚胚和早期囊胚是胚胎干细胞建立与制备嵌合体小鼠的成功关键,暂时不用的胚胎应仍能耐受冷冻保存,待复苏移植,建立新的繁殖群。但小鼠精子冷冻研究在我国开展的十分有限,缺乏相关资料数据。本实验对不同周龄SPF级昆明(KM)小鼠进行精子冷冻及冻融精子IVF,并将IVF获得的2-细胞胚胎分别进行胚胎移植、体外培养、胚胎冷冻及复苏后移植,应用冻融小鼠精子进行胚胎工程实践。     

ON THE PERSISTENCE OF OOCYTE NUCLEI FROM FETUS TO MATURITY IN THE LABORATORY MOUSE

Tritiated thymidine injected intraperitoneally into female mice midway through the gestation period was demonstrated by autoradiographic methods to be incorporated into the nuclei of oocytes of female embryos, observed at the pachytene stage of meiosis 2 to 4 days after the injection. The tritium label was also demonstrated in the oocyte nuclei of the daughters of similarly treated females at maturity (6 weeks post partum). It was also found that some follicle cells, likewise labeled with H³-thymidine in mid-fetal life, persisted to maturity with few or no intervening mitoses. The observations are presented in support of the prevailing view that individual oocytes which arise from germ cell primordia in fetal stages become the egg cells of the adult female mammal.     

THE FINE STRUCTURE OF NUCLEI DURING SPERM MATURATION IN THE LOCUST

1. In the heads of maturing sperm of a locust the chromatin becomes arranged in a highly regular manner so as to produce many parallel lines about 60 A thick in longitudinal section and contiguous polygons in transverse section. 2. This configuration appears after fixation in osmium tetroxide, formaldehyde, or acetic acid; intermediate stages in its development are illustrated. 3. These electron micrographs are interpreted to mean that, during sperm maturation, the chromatin becomes formed into sheets and then into tubes running parallel with the long axis. 4. In the mature sperm head we have been unable so far to detect this structure. This may be because the chromatin becomes so compact during the shrinkage of the nucleus which occurs during formation of the mature sperm.     

光合作用光能转换过程中与耗能代谢有关的光保护机制(综述)

对近年来光合电子传递过程中各种耗能代谢（包括光呼吸、Ｍｅｈｌｅｒ反应、循环电子传递、硝酸还原代谢等）的运转对光合机构的保护作用作一简要综述。