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Apple 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase Genes, MdACS1 and MdACS3a, are Expressed in Different Systems of Ethylene Biosynthesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) is one of the key regulatory enzymes involved in the synthesis of ethylene. Climacteric fruit ripening is accompanied by increased ethylene production, in which ethylene biosynthesis is changed from system 1 to system 2. In apple, at least four members of the ACS gene family have been identified, two of which, MdACS1 and MdACS3a, have been studied extensively due to their specific expression in fruit tissue. However, the regulatory role of MdACS1 and MdACS3a in the ethylene biosynthesis system is unknown. Here we addressed this issue by investigating ACS expression in ripening apple fruits. Expression analysis in ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Red Fuji’ fruits, in combination with treatments of 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene, an ethylene inhibitor) and Ethephon (an ethylene releaser) has demonstrated that MdACS3a and MdACS1operate in system 1 and system 2 ethylene biosynthesis, respectively. 相似文献
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Interference with ethylene perception at receptor level sheds light on auxin and transcriptional circuits associated with the climacteric ripening of apple fruit (Malus x domestica Borkh.)
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Marco Moretto Alberto Ferrarini Paola Tononi Brian Farneti Nicola Busatto Urska Vrhovsek Alessandra dal Molin Carla Avanzato Franco Biasioli Luca Cappellin Matthias Scholz Riccardo Velasco Livio Trainotti Massimo Delledonne Fabrizio Costa 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2016,88(6):963-975
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A role for jasmonates in climacteric fruit ripening 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Jasmonates are a class of oxylipins that induce a wide variety of higher-plant responses. To determine if jasmonates play
a role in the regulation of climacteric fruit ripening, the effects of exogenous jasmonates on ethylene biosynthesis and color,
as well as the endogenous concentrations of jasmonates were determined during the onset of ripening of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Golden Delicious) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Cobra) fruit. Transient (12 h) treatment of pre-climacteric fruit discs with exogenous jasmonates at low concentration
(1 or 10 μM) promoted ethylene biosynthesis and color change in a concentration-dependent fashion. Activities of both 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic
acid (ACC) oxidase and ACC synthase were stimulated by jasmonate treatments in this concentration range. The endogenous concentration
of jasmonates increased transiently prior to the climacteric increase in ethylene biosynthesis during the onset of ripening
of both apple and tomato fruit. The onset of tomato fruit ripening was also preceded by an increase in the percentage of the
cis-isomer of jasmonic acid. Inhibition of ethylene action by diazocyclopentadiene negated the jasmonate-induced stimulation
of ethylene biosynthesis, indicating jasmonates act at least in part via ethylene action. These results suggest jasmonates
may play a role together with ethylene in regulating the early steps of climacteric fruit ripening.
Received: 14 August 1997 / Accepted: 4 October 1997 相似文献
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Fruit ripening involves complex biochemical and physiological changes. Ethylene is an essential hormone for the ripening of
climacteric fruits. In the process of ethylene biosynthesis, cyanide (HCN), an extremely toxic compound, is produced as a
co-product. Thus, most cyanide produced during fruit ripening should be detoxified rapidly by fruit cells. In higher plants,
the key enzyme involved in the detoxification of HCN is β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS). As little is known about the molecular
function of β-CAS genes in climacteric fruits, we identified two homologous genes, MdCAS1 and MdCAS2, encoding Fuji apple β-CAS homologs. The structural features of the predicted polypeptides as well as an in vitro enzyme
activity assay with bacterially expressed recombinant proteins indicated that MdCAS1 and MdCAS2 may indeed function as β-CAS
isozymes in apple fruits. RNA gel-blot studies revealed that both MdCAS1 and MdCAS2 mRNAs were coordinately induced during the ripening process of apple fruits in an expression pattern comparable with that
of ACC oxidase and ethylene production. The MdCAS genes were also activated effectively by exogenous ethylene treatment and mechanical wounding. Thus, it seems like that,
in ripening apple fruits, expression of MdCAS1 and MdCAS2 genes is intimately correlated with a climacteric ethylene production and ACC oxidase activity. In addition, β-CAS enzyme
activity was also enhanced as the fruit ripened, although this increase was not as dramatic as the mRNA induction pattern.
Overall, these results suggest that MdCAS may play a role in cyanide detoxification in ripening apple fruits. 相似文献
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Beni Shogun (BS) apple (Malus) is the sport of Yataka, which is the sport of Fuji (FJ). Its fruits ripen about 20 days earlier and produce an earlier and
larger burst of ethylene than FJ fruits. Expression levels of genes associated with ethylene synthesis (MdACS1, MdACS2, MdACS3, MdACS5A, and MdACO1-MdACO4), signal reception (MdETR2, MdETR5, and MdERS) and transduction (MdCTR, MdEIN2A, and MdEIN2B) were compared between BS and FJ fruits from 90 days after bloom (DAB) to ripening. Generally, expression of all tested genes
in BS was promoted, and their expression bursts preceded those in FJ. In addition, profiles of several important quality traits
were compared between BS and FJ fruits from 90 DAB to ripening. Skin coloration, fruit softening, and starch hydrolysis were
affected by the BS mutation, while the loss of acidity, sugar accumulation, and average fruit weight were not regulated and
partially regulated by the mutation, respectively. For aroma, some volatiles were regulated by the mutation, while others
were not. Generally, esters were positively regulated by the mutation. Moreover, BS fruit exhibited a lower capacity to scavenge
ROS than FJ fruit. 相似文献
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Influence of Plant Hormones on Ethylene Production in Apple, Tomato, and Avocado Slices during Maturation and Senescence 总被引:10,自引:5,他引:5
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Ethylene production by tissue slices from preclimacteric, climacteric, and postclimacteric apples was significantly reduced by isopentenyl adenosine (IPA), and by mixtures of IPA and indoleacetic acid, and of IPA, indoleacetic acid, and gibberellic acid after 4 hours of incubation. Ethylene production by apple (Pyrus malus L.) slices in abscisic acid was increased in preclimacteric tissues, decreased in climacteric peak tissues, and little affected in postclimacteric tissues. Indoleacetic acid suppressed ethylene production in tissues from preclimacteric apples but stimulated ethylene production in late climacteric rise, climacteric, and postclimacteric tissue slices. Gibberellic acid had less influence in suppressing ethylene production in preclimacteric peak tissue, and little influenced the production in late climacteric rise, climacteric peak, and postclimacteric tissues. IPA also suppressed ethylene production in pre- and postclimacteric tissue of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) and avocados (Persea gratissima). If ethylene production in tissue slices of ripening fruits is an index of aging, then IPA would appear to retard aging in ripening fruit, just as other cytokinins appear to retard aging in senescent leaf tissue. 相似文献