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Chitose Kami Laure Allenbach Melina Zourelidou Karin Ljung Frédéric Schütz Erika Isono Masaaki K. Watahiki Kotaro T. Yamamoto Claus Schwechheimer Christian Fankhauser 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2014,77(3):393-403
Phototropism allows plants to orient their photosynthetic organs towards the light. In Arabidopsis, phototropins 1 and 2 sense directional blue light such that phot1 triggers phototropism in response to low fluence rates, while both phot1 and phot2 mediate this response under higher light conditions. Phototropism results from asymmetric growth in the hypocotyl elongation zone that depends on an auxin gradient across the embryonic stem. How phototropin activation leads to this growth response is still poorly understood. Members of the phytochrome kinase substrate (PKS) family may act early in this pathway, because PKS1, PKS2 and PKS4 are needed for a normal phototropic response and they associate with phot1 in vivo. Here we show that PKS proteins are needed both for phot1‐ and phot2‐mediated phototropism. The phototropic response is conditioned by the developmental asymmetry of dicotyledonous seedlings, such that there is a faster growth reorientation when cotyledons face away from the light compared with seedlings whose cotyledons face the light. The molecular basis for this developmental effect on phototropism is unknown; here we show that PKS proteins play a role at the interface between development and phototropism. Moreover, we present evidence for a role of PKS genes in hypocotyl gravi‐reorientation that is independent of photoreceptors. pks mutants have normal levels of auxin and normal polar auxin transport, however they show altered expression patterns of auxin marker genes. This situation suggests that PKS proteins are involved in auxin signaling and/or lateral auxin redistribution. 相似文献
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R. Glen Uhrig Pascal Schlpfer Bernd Roschitzki Matthias Hirsch‐Hoffmann Wilhelm Gruissem 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2019,99(1):176-194
Protein phosphorylation and acetylation are the two most abundant post‐translational modifications (PTMs) that regulate protein functions in eukaryotes. In plants, these PTMs have been investigated individually; however, their co‐occurrence and dynamics on proteins is currently unknown. Using Arabidopsis thaliana, we quantified changes in protein phosphorylation, acetylation and protein abundance in leaf rosettes, roots, flowers, siliques and seedlings at the end of day (ED) and at the end of night (EN). This identified 2549 phosphorylated and 909 acetylated proteins, of which 1724 phosphorylated and 536 acetylated proteins were also quantified for changes in PTM abundance between ED and EN. Using a sequential dual‐PTM workflow, we identified significant PTM changes and intersections in these organs and plant developmental stages. In particular, cellular process‐, pathway‐ and protein‐level analyses reveal that the phosphoproteome and acetylome predominantly intersect at the pathway‐ and cellular process‐level at ED versus EN. We found 134 proteins involved in core plant cell processes, such as light harvesting and photosynthesis, translation, metabolism and cellular transport, that were both phosphorylated and acetylated. Our results establish connections between PTM motifs, PTM catalyzing enzymes and putative substrate networks. We also identified PTM motifs for further characterization of the regulatory mechanisms that control cellular processes during the diurnal cycle in different Arabidopsis organs and seedlings. The sequential dual‐PTM analysis expands our understanding of diurnal plant cell regulation by PTMs and provides a useful resource for future analyses, while emphasizing the importance of analyzing multiple PTMs simultaneously to elucidate when, where and how they are involved in plant cell regulation. 相似文献
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Srijeet K. Mitra Ruiqiang Chen Murali Dhandaydham Xiaofeng Wang Robert Kevin Blackburn Uma Kota Michael B. Goshe Daniel Schwartz Steven C. Huber Steven D. Clouse 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2015,82(6):1042-1060
Leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinases (LRR RLKs) form a large family of plant signaling proteins consisting of an extracellular domain connected by a single‐pass transmembrane sequence to a cytoplasmic kinase domain. Autophosphorylation on specific Ser and/or Thr residues in the cytoplasmic domain is often critical for the activation of several LRR RLK family members with proven functional roles in plant growth regulation, morphogenesis, disease resistance, and stress responses. While identification and functional characterization of in vivo phosphorylation sites is ultimately required for a full understanding of LRR RLK biology and function, bacterial expression of recombinant LRR RLK cytoplasmic catalytic domains for identification of in vitro autophosphorylation sites provides a useful resource for further targeted identification and functional analysis of in vivo sites. In this study we employed high‐throughput cloning and a variety of mass spectrometry approaches to generate an autophosphorylation site database representative of more than 30% of the approximately 223 LRR RLKs in Arabidopsis thaliana. We used His‐tagged constructs of complete cytoplasmic domains to identify a total of 592 phosphorylation events across 73 LRR RLKs, with 497 sites uniquely assigned to specific Ser (268 sites) or Thr (229 sites) residues in 68 LRR RLKs. Multiple autophosphorylation sites per LRR RLK were the norm, with an average of seven sites per cytoplasmic domain, while some proteins showed more than 20 unique autophosphorylation sites. The database was used to analyze trends in the localization of phosphorylation sites across cytoplasmic kinase subdomains and to derive a statistically significant sequence motif for phospho‐Ser autophosphorylation. 相似文献
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M. Adamiec L. Misztal A. Kasprowicz‐Malu ki R. Luci&#x;ski 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2020,22(4):735-743
- The EGY3 protein is a homologue of site‐2 proteases, which are intramembrane zinc metalloproteases. EGY3 itself lacks proteolytic activity due to the absence of a zinc‐binding motif. Plentiful evidence indicates that such intramembrane ‘pseudoproteases’ play significant roles in many diverse processes occurring within the cell. However, the physiological functions of EGY3, as well as its subcellular localization, remain unknown.
- The subcellular localization of EGY3 protein was investigated using Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts transformed with EGY3‐GFP fusion protein, and immunoblot experiments using the total leaf protein extract, as well as highly purified chloroplasts and fractions of stroma, envelope and thylakoid membrane proteins. The physiological role of EGY3 was studied using two A. thaliana mutant lines devoid of EGY3 protein. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurement was performed and the egy3 mutant sensitivity to photoinhibition was investigated. Additionally, the abundance of thylakoid membrane complexes was established using blue native gel electrophoresis.
- We present experimental evidence for thylakoid membrane localization of the EGY3 protein.
- We show that egy3 mutants display increased value of the non‐photochemical quenching parameter and significantly slower recovery rate after photoinhibitory treatment. This was associated with a decrease in the level of proteases involved in photosystem II recovery, Deg1 and FtsH2/8.
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S. Truyens B. Beckers S. Thijs N. Weyens A. Cuypers J. Vangronsveld 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2016,18(3):376-381
Trans‐generational adaptation is important to respond rapidly to environmental challenges and increase overall plant fitness. Besides well‐known mechanisms such as epigenetic modifications, vertically transmitted endophytic bacteria might contribute to this process. The cultivable and total endophytic communities of several generations of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds harvested from plants exposed to cadmium (Cd) or not exposed were investigated. The diversity and richness of the seed endophytic community decreased with an increasing number of generations. Aeromicrobium and Pseudonocardia were identified as indicator species in seeds from Cd‐exposed plants, while Rhizobium was abundantly present in both seed types. Remarkably, Rhizobium was the only genus that was consistently detected in seeds of all generations, which suggests that the phenotypic characteristics were more important as selection criteria for which bacteria are transferred to the next plant generation than the actual genera. Production of IAA was an important trait for endophytes from both seed types, while ACC deaminase activity and Cd tolerance were mainly associated with seed endophytes from Cd‐exposed plants. Understanding how different factors influence the seed endophytic community can help us to improve seed quality and plant growth through different biotechnological applications. 相似文献
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Samuel Le Goff Burcu Nur Keeli Hana Je&#x;bkov Stefan Heckmann Twan Rutten Sylviane Cotterell Veit Schubert Elisabeth Roitinger Karl Mechtler F. Christopher H. Franklin Christophe Tatout Andreas Houben Danny Geelen Aline V. Probst Inna Lermontova 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2020,101(1):71-86
Centromeres define the chromosomal position where kinetochores form to link the chromosome to microtubules during mitosis and meiosis. Centromere identity is determined by incorporation of a specific histone H3 variant termed CenH3. As for other histones, escort and deposition of CenH3 must be ensured by histone chaperones, which handle the non‐nucleosomal CenH3 pool and replenish CenH3 chromatin in dividing cells. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis orthologue of the mammalian NUCLEAR AUTOANTIGENIC SPERM PROTEIN (NASP) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe histone chaperone Sim3 is a soluble nuclear protein that binds the histone variant CenH3 and affects its abundance at the centromeres. NASPSIM3 is co‐expressed with Arabidopsis CenH3 in dividing cells and binds directly to both the N‐terminal tail and the histone fold domain of non‐nucleosomal CenH3. Reduced NASPSIM3 expression negatively affects CenH3 deposition, identifying NASPSIM3 as a CenH3 histone chaperone. 相似文献
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Caijuan Wang Hiroshi Yamamoto Fumika Narumiya Yuri Nakajima Munekage Giovanni Finazzi Ildiko Szabo Toshiharu Shikanai 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2017,89(3):540-553
KEA3 is a thylakoid membrane localized K+/H+ antiporter that regulates photosynthesis by modulating two components of proton motive force (pmf), the proton gradient (?pH) and the electric potential (?ψ). We identified a mutant allele of KEA3, disturbed proton gradient regulation (dpgr) based on its reduced non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) in artificial (CO2‐free with low O2) air. This phenotype was enhanced in the mutant backgrounds of PSI cyclic electron transport (pgr5 and crr2‐1). In ambient air, reduced NPQ was observed during induction of photosynthesis in dpgr, the phenotype that was enhanced after overnight dark adaptation. In contrast, the knockout allele of kea3‐1 exhibited a high‐NPQ phenotype during steady state in ambient air. Consistent with this kea3‐1 phenotype in ambient air, the membrane topology of KEA3 indicated a proton efflux from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma. The dpgr heterozygotes showed a semidominant and dominant phenotype in artificial and ambient air, respectively. In dpgr, the protein level of KEA3 was unaffected but the downregulation of its activity was probably disturbed. Our findings suggest that fine regulation of KEA3 activity is necessary for optimizing photosynthesis. 相似文献
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Anyu Zhu Ian K. Greaves Pei‐Chuan Liu Limin Wu Elizabeth S. Dennis W. James Peacock 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2016,88(4):597-607
Hybrid vigour (heterosis) has been used for decades in crop industries, especially in the production of maize and rice. Hybrid varieties usually exceed their parents in plant biomass and seed yield. But the molecular basis of hybrid vigour is not fully understood. In this project, we studied heterosis at early stages of seedling development in Arabidopsis hybrids derived from crossing Ler and C24 accessions. We found that early heterosis is associated with non‐additive gene expression that resulted from earlier changes in gene expression in the hybrids relative to the parents. The non‐additively expressed genes are involved in metabolic pathways, including photosynthesis, critical for plant growth. The early increased expression levels of genes involved in energy production in hybrids is associated with heterosis in the young seedlings that could be essential for biomass heterosis at later developmental stages of the plant. 相似文献
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Praveen K. Kathare Xiaosa Xu Andrew Nguyen Enamul Huq 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2020,104(1):113-123
Light responses mediated by the photoreceptors play crucial roles in regulating different aspects of plant growth and development. An E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1)1/SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA (SPA), one of the central repressors of photomorphogenesis, is critical for maintaining skotomorphogenesis. It targets several positive regulators of photomorphogenesis for degradation in darkness. Recently, we revealed that basic helix‐loop‐helix factors, HECATEs (HECs), function as positive regulators of photomorphogenesis by directly interacting and antagonizing the activity of another group of repressors called PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs). It was also shown that HECs are partially degraded in the dark through the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway. However, the underlying mechanism of HEC degradation in the dark is still unclear. Here, we show that HECs also interact with both COP1 and SPA proteins in darkness, and that HEC2 is directly targeted by COP1 for degradation via the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway. Moreover, COP1‐mediated polyubiquitylation and degradation of HEC2 are enhanced by PIF1. Therefore, the ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation of HECs are significantly reduced in both cop1 and pif mutants. Consistent with this, the hec mutants partially suppress photomorphogenic phenotypes of both cop1 and pifQ mutants. Collectively, our work reveals that the COP1/SPA‐mediated ubiquitylation and degradation of HECs contributes to the coordination of skoto/photomorphogenic development in plants. 相似文献
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Jiaren Yao Kiyoshi Mashiguchi Adrian Scaffidi Tomoki Akatsu Kim T. Melville Ryo Morita Yu Morimoto Steven M. Smith Yoshiya Seto Gavin R. Flematti Shinjiro Yamaguchi Mark T. Waters 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2018,96(1):75-89
Karrikins are butenolide compounds present in post‐fire environments that can stimulate seed germination in many species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants also produce endogenous butenolide compounds that serve as hormones, namely strigolactones (SLs). The receptor for karrikins (KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2; KAI2) and the receptor for SLs (DWARF14; D14) are homologous proteins that share many similarities. The mode of action of D14 as a dual enzyme receptor protein is well established, but the nature of KAI2‐dependent signalling and its function as a receptor are not fully understood. To expand our knowledge of how KAI2 operates, we screened ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)‐mutagenized populations of A. thaliana for mutants with kai2‐like phenotypes and isolated 13 new kai2 alleles. Among these alleles, kai2‐10 encoded a D184N protein variant that was stable in planta. Differential scanning fluorimetry assays indicated that the KAI2 D184N protein could interact normally with bioactive ligands. We developed a KAI2‐active version of the fluorescent strigolactone analogue Yoshimulactone Green to show that KAI2 D184N exhibits normal rates of ligand hydrolysis. KAI2 D184N degraded in response to treatment with exogenous ligands, suggesting that receptor degradation is a consequence of ligand binding and hydrolysis, but is insufficient for signalling activity. Remarkably, KAI2 D184N degradation was hypersensitive to karrikins, but showed a normal response to strigolactone analogues, implying that these butenolides may interact differently with KAI2. These results demonstrate that the enzymatic and signalling functions of KAI2 can be decoupled, and provide important insights into the mechanistic events that underpin butenolide signalling in plants. 相似文献
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M. Mithran E. Paparelli G. Novi P. Perata E. Loreti 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2014,16(1):28-34
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向光素PHOT1和PHOT2感受蓝光刺激后发生自磷酸化激活, 调节植物气孔开放、叶绿体运动、叶片伸展和定位以及向光性(包括根的负向光性和下胚轴的向光性)等多种适应性反应。拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana) NRL (NPH3/RPT2-Like)家族成员在向光素介导的信号途径中发挥重要作用, 其中NPH3特异调控下胚轴的向光性以及叶片的伸展与定位, RPT2参与调节植物向光性、叶片的伸展与定位以及叶绿体聚光反应等。NCH1是新发现的NRL家族成员, 与RPT2以功能冗余的方式调节叶绿体的聚光反应, 但不调节避光反应。该文主要综述了NRL蛋白家族成员在向光素介导蓝光信号通路中的作用, 并展望了未来的研究方向, 旨在为全面揭示NRL家族成员的功能提供线索。 相似文献