鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎54 例临床疗效分析

目的:研究鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效。方法:选取在2008年10月至2010年1月之间来本院进行手术治疗的慢性鼻窦炎患者54例,使用鼻内镜手术进行治疗,作为此次研究的治疗组;而同时选取在同一时期来到本院的38例患者,作为此次研究的对照组采用一般的鼻外径手术治疗。在手术结束以后每位患者均需随访1年,根据患者的恢复情况比较两种手术方法对鼻窦炎的疗效,以上手术方式均根据患者意愿。结果:使用鼻内镜手术进行治疗的患者中治愈的有31例,有效的有18例,而无效的则有5例,总的有效率为90.7%;而采用一般手术的患者中治愈的患者为17例,有效的患者为12例,无效的则有9例,其总的有效率为76.3%;且应用鼻内镜手术的治疗组的并发症发生率小于使用一般手术的对照组,两组患者疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻赛炎的疗效确切,安全可靠,值得广大医务工作者在临床上大力推广。     

Contaminated Heparin and Outcomes after Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Propensity-Matched Cohort Study

Background

During 2007 and 2008 it is likely that millions of patients in the US received heparin contaminated (CH) with oversulfated chondroitin sulfate, which was associated with anaphylactoid reactions. We tested the hypothesis that CH was associated with serious morbidity, mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) stay and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia following adult cardiac surgery.

Methods and Findings

We conducted a single center, retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study during the period of CH and the equivalent time frame in the three preceding or the two following years. Perioperative data were obtained from the institutional record of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Database, for which the data collection is prospective, standardized and performed by independent investigators. After matching, logistic regression was performed to evaluate the independent effect of CH on the composite adverse outcome (myocardial infarction, stroke, pneumonia, dialysis, cardiac arrest) and on mortality. Cox regression was used to determine the association between CH and ICU length of stay. The 1∶5 matched groups included 220 patients potentially exposed to CH and 918 controls. There were more adverse outcomes in the exposed cohort (20.9% versus 12.0%; difference = 8.9%; 95% CI 3.6% to 15.1%, P<0.001) with an odds ratio for CH of 2.0 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.0, P<0.001). In the exposed group there was a non-significant increase in mortality (5.9% versus 3.5%, difference = 2.4%; 95% CI, −0.4 to 3.5%, P = 0.1), the median ICU stay was longer by 14.1 hours (interquartile range −26.6 to 79.8, S = 3299, P = 0.0004) with an estimated hazard ratio for CH of 1.2 (95% CI, 1.0 to 1.4, P = 0.04). There was no difference in nadir platelet counts between cohorts.

Conclusions

The results from this single center study suggest the possibility that contaminated heparin might have contributed to serious morbidity following cardiac surgery.     

Glycemic Control with use of Insulin Glargine after Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Retrospective Study

ObjectivePerioperative glycemic control in critically ill cardiothoracic surgery patients may improve postsurgical outcomes. The objective of the study was to compare outcomes before and after the implementation of a protocol using subcutaneous (SC) glargine at transition from intravenous insulin infusion (IVII).MethodsIn August 2006, the Cleveland Clinic began using glargine and supplemental rapid-acting sliding scale insulin (SSI) at transition from IVII (glargine-SSI group). Before August 2006, only supplemental insulin was used (SSI-only group). The primary outcome was first blood glucose (BG1) after discontinuation of IVII. Secondary outcomes included the absolute difference between the last glucose before discontinuation of IVII (BG0) and BG1, mean glucose in the first 24 hours after discontinuation of IVII (BG24), need for SSI, and hypoglycemia.ResultsMean BG0, BG1, and BG24, and the difference between BG1 and BG0 and between BG24 and BG0 were not significantly different between groups. Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients who had received glargine had a lower mean difference between BG1 and BG0 and a lower mean BG24 than those who had not received glargine (14.6 mg/dL vs. 33.1 mg/dL; P = .20, and 163.8 mg/dL vs. 177.9 mg/dL; P = .29, respectively). A higher proportion of DM patients needed SSI than did non-DM patients (82% vs. 36%; P<.001).ConclusionGlargine administered at the cessation of IVII enabled less SSI coverage in diabetic patients subsequent to transition from IVII. However, there was no significant difference in BG control between the glargine-SSI and SSI-only groups. Prospective studies involving more patients are needed to show possible clinically significant benefits of this intervention. (Endocr Pract. 2013;19:485-493)     

Endoscopic Biopsy in Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Retrospective Study

Background

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs) are often located in the deep mucosa or submucosa, and the efficacy of endoscopic biopsy for diagnosis and treatment of GI-NENs is not fully understood.

Objective

The current study analyzed GI-NENs, especially those diagnosed pathologically and resected endoscopically, and focused on the biopsy and cold biopsy forceps polypectomy (CBP) to analyze their roles in diagnosing and treating GI-NENs.

Methods

Clinical data of all GI-NENs were reviewed from January 2006 to March 2012. Histopathology was used to diagnose GI-NENs, which were confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

Results

67.96% GI-NENs were diagnosed pathologically by endoscopy. Only 26.21% were diagnosed pathologically by biopsies before treatment. The diagnostic rate was significantly higher in polypoid (76.47%) and submucosal lesions (68.75%), than in ulcerative lesions (12.00%). However, biopsies were only taken in 56.31% patients, including 51.52% of polypoid lesions, 35.56% of submucosal lesions and 100.00% of ulcerative lesions. Endoscopic resection removed 61.76% of GI-NENs, including six by CBP, 14 by snare polypectomy with electrocauterization, 28 by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and 15 by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). 51.52% polypoid GI-NENs had infiltrated the submucosa under microscopic examination. CBP had a significantly higher rate of remnant (33.33%) than snare polypectomy with electrocauterization, EMR and ESD (all 0.00%).

Conclusions

Biopsies for all polypoid and submucosal lesions will improve pre-operative diagnosis. The high rate of submucosal infiltration of polypoid GI-NENs determined that CBP was inadequate in the treatment of GI-NENs. Diminutive polypoid GI-NENs that disappeared after CBP had a high risk of remnant and should be closely followed up over the long term.     

Neuroblastoma,Its Natural History and Prognosis: A Study of 487 Cases

The natural history of neuroblastoma and factors affecting survival for this disease were studied in an unselected group of children notified to cancer registries in Britain during 1962-7. The three-year survival rate based on 487 cases was 23%; many of the cases were followed up for more than five years, and this made it possible to calculate long-term survival and recurrence rates. There were only five deaths among 110 cases followed for more than three years, 64 of the survivors having been followed for more than five years. Factors affecting the prognosis included age at diagnosis, site, histological grade at diagnosis, and the sex of the child. The interrelationship between these factors together with their effect on prognosis were analysed, and in particular we attempted to elucidate factors which might explain our observation that girls have a significantly better survival rate than boys. Direct histological evidence and also the analyses of survival and recurrence rates seem to support the suggestion that the likelihood of maturation for this tumour is greater for girls than for boys.     

Analysis of Late-Onset Ovarian Insufficiency after Ovarian Surgery: Retrospective Study with 75 Patients of Post-Surgical Ovarian Insufficiency

The primary objectives of the present study are to determine the period of onset of ovarian insufficiency after surgery and to confirm potential risk factors for ovarian insufficiency after surgery for the removal of benign ovarian cysts. Data were obtained from 75 patients who underwent surgery for benign ovarian cysts prior to the onset of ovarian insufficiency. Our analysis included 835 ovarian insufficiency patients who were referred to our institution from July 2003 to July 2013. Several epidemiological parameters of ovarian insufficiency after surgery (age at operation, period of onset of ovarian insufficiency, operation procedure, and pathological diagnosis) were investigated. Of the 835 patients who had ovarian insufficiency, 75 patients (9.0%) underwent ovarian surgery before the onset of ovarian insufficiency. Of those 75 patients, 66 patients (88.0%) underwent cystectomy. For the majority of the 75 patients the surgical indication was the presence of endometriotic cysts (57 patients; 76.0%). Twelve patients (16.0%) underwent multiple surgeries (all bilateral cystectomies). The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 27.8±5.5 years-old, and the mean period of onset of ovarian insufficiency was 5.8±3.8 years. In patients with cystectomy, the patient''s age at the time of surgery and period of onset of ovarian insufficiency was well-correlated (coefficient of correlation; hemilateral endometriotic cystectomy: −0.64, bilateral endometriotic cystectomy: −0.61, and multiple endimetriotic cystectomy: −0.40). We found that cystectomy of endometriotic cysts is the potential risk factor for ovarian insufficiency after surgery, at times, the onset of ovarian insufficiency long after cystectomy. Therefore, it is important to monitor ovarian reserve for an extended period of time after ovarian surgery. It is particularly important to monitor ovarian reserve long-term for patients who wish to conceive in the future and to suggest a variety of infertility treatments appropriate for their ovarian reserve.     

Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis: A Retrospective Multicenter Study of 237 Cases

Purpose

To review clinical characteristics of pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) in China.

Methods

Electronic medical records (EMR) of four Chinese institutes were queried for patients with histologically proven PVNS between January 2005 and February 2014. Their data were collected including gender, age at diagnosis, clinical presentation, affected site, symptom duration, comorbidities, treatment strategy, recurrence and routine laboratories.

Results

A total of 237 patients with biopsy-proven PVNS were investigated. The gender ratio was 1.35 for a female predominance (101 males and 136 females). The average age was 36 years (range, 2 to 83 years). The median delay from initial clinical symptom to diagnosis was 18 months. Main affected areas were the knee (73.84%) and the hip (18.14%). Forty patients had a clear history of joint trauma. Six patients were concurrently diagnosed with PVNS and avascular necrosis (AVN). Five patients suffered from PVNS following implantation of orthopaedic devices including artificial prosthesis, plate and wire. One hundred and twenty-nine patients underwent arthroscopic synovectomy and 108 open synovectomy. Altogether 48 patients (26 males and 22 females) had recurrence of disease. The relapse rate was 24% (knee) and 6.98% (hip), 20.93% (open surgery) and 19.44% (arthroscopy), respectively. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) rate were elevated in 45.83% and 38.41% of the patients respectively.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this study is the largest sample size of PVNS patients reported as well as the largest sample of PVNS with concurrent AVN reported to date. Our outcomes suggest that PVNS shows a female predominance, occurs mostly between 20–40 years and favors the knee and hip. Recurrence is frequent, particularly in the knee. Serum ESR and CRP may be elevated in some patients. Additionally, the present study supports the theory of an association between PVNS and orthopedic surgery, which is not limited to joint replacement.     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜术后问卷评估分析

目的：探讨问卷随访对慢性鼻．鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者鼻内镜术后疗效的评价意义。方法：采用Lurid-Machay的病人症状评分系统及鼻腔鼻窦结局测量20条（sino．nasaloutcometest-20,SNOT．20）中文版,对127例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎、鼻息肉术前、术后3个月、术后6个月患者进行相关问卷测试,并与100名进行健康入职体检者的相关问卷结果进行比较。结果：鼻内镜术后患者的主观症状在术后3个月较术前均明显改善,并在术后6个月时全面改善,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但部分症状与健康受访者相比仍有差异。结论：问卷随访作为术后鼻部生理功能恢复的评估手段,有助于对术后疗效进行客观的综合评价。     

Adverse Outcomes after Major Surgery in Patients with Pressure Ulcer: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

BackgroundPostoperative adverse outcomes in patients with pressure ulcer are not completely understood. This study evaluated the association between preoperative pressure ulcer and adverse events after major surgeries.MethodsUsing reimbursement claims from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study of 17391 patients with preoperative pressure ulcer receiving major surgery in 2008-2010. With a propensity score matching procedure, 17391 surgical patients without pressure ulcer were selected for comparison. Eight major surgical postoperative complications and 30-day postoperative mortality were evaluated among patients with pressure ulcer of varying severity.ResultsPatients with preoperative pressure ulcer had significantly higher risk than controls for postoperative adverse outcomes, including septicemia, pneumonia, stroke, urinary tract infection, and acute renal failure. Surgical patients with pressure ulcer had approximately 1.83-fold risk (95% confidence interval 1.54-2.18) of 30-day postoperative mortality compared with control group. The most significant postoperative mortality was found in those with serious pressure ulcer, such as pressure ulcer with local infection, cellulitis, wound or treatment by change dressing, hospitalized care, debridement or antibiotics. Prolonged hospital or intensive care unit stay and increased medical expenditures were also associated with preoperative pressure ulcer.ConclusionThis nationwide propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study showed increased postoperative complications and mortality in patients with preoperative pressure ulcer. Our findings suggest the urgency of preventing and managing preoperative pressure ulcer by a multidisciplinary medical team for this specific population.     

Safe Corridor to Access Clivus for Endoscopic Trans-Sphenoidal Surgery: A Radiological and Anatomical Study

Purpose

Penetration of the clivus is required for surgical access of the brain stem. The endoscopic transclivus approach is a difficult procedure with high risk of injury to important neurovascular structures. We undertook a novel anatomical and radiological investigation to understand the structure of the clivus and neurovascular structures relevant to the extended trans-nasal trans-sphenoid procedure and determine a safe corridor for the penetration of the clivus.

Method

We examined the clivus region in the computed tomographic angiography (CTA) images of 220 adults, magnetic resonance (MR) images of 50 adults, and dry skull specimens of 10 adults. Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) of the CT images was performed, and the anatomical features of the clivus were studied in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes. The data from the images were used to determine the anatomical parameters of the clivus and neurovascular structures, such as the internal carotid artery and inferior petrosal sinus.

Results

The examination of the CTA and MR images of the enrolled subjects revealed that the thickness of the clivus helped determine the depth of the penetration, while the distance from the sagittal midline to the important neurovascular structures determined the width of the penetration. Further, data from the CTA and MR images were consistent with those retrieved from the examination of the cadaveric specimens.

Conclusion

Our findings provided certain pointers that may be useful in guiding the surgery such that inadvertent injury to vital structures is avoided and also provided supportive information for the choice of the appropriate endoscopic equipment.     

影响肝切除术后行TACE 患者预后因素的分析

目的:对原发性肝细胞肝癌(HCC)肝部分切除术后行经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)的病人和未行TACE病人影响其预后的多种因素进行分析和评价,为肝切除术后是否行TACE治疗寻找筛选条件。方法:对我院2003～2008年期间在我院肝胆外科行原发性肝细胞肝癌手术治疗221例(术后介入治疗103例,术后非介入治疗118例)患者进行全面随访了解患者的预后情况,分别对术后接受介入治疗和非介入治疗两组通过Kaplan-Meier及COX回归分析影响预后的因素,包括:年龄、性别、血清HBsAg、肿瘤直径、肿瘤大体分型、有无癌栓形成,肿瘤分期(TNM)共7项指标。结果:在1年生存期内介入治疗组中的性别、年龄、血清HBsAg、肿瘤直径、肿瘤大体分型无统计学意义(p>0.05),有无癌栓形成及肿瘤分期有意义(p<0.05);非介入组内年龄、性别、血清HBsAg无统计学意义,肿瘤直径、肿瘤大体分型、有无癌栓形成,肿瘤分期有意义;在3年生存期内介入治疗组中的以上指标无统计学意义,而非介入组在肿瘤直径、有癌栓形成及肿瘤分期方面与统计学意义。结论:对于肿瘤直径>5cm及术后病理证实为低分化的患者给予积极TACE治疗可明显提高近期生存率。     

影响肝切除术后行TACE患者预后因素的分析

目的：对原发性肝细胞肝癌（HCC）肝部分切除术后行经肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）的病人和未行TACE病人影响其预后的多种因素进行分析和评价,为肝切除术后是否行TACE治疗寻找筛选条件。方法：对我院2003～2008年期间在我院肝胆外科行原发性肝细胞肝癌手术治疗221例（术后介入治疗103例,术后非介入治疗118例）患者进行全面随访了解患者的预后情况,分别对术后接受介入治疗和非介入治疗两组通过Kaplan-Meier及COX回归分析影响预后的因素,包括：年龄、性别、血清HBsAg、肿瘤直径、肿瘤大体分型、有无癌栓形成,肿瘤分期（TNM）共7项指标。结果：在1年生存期内介入治疗组中的性别、年龄、血清HBsAg、肿瘤直径、肿瘤大体分型无统计学意义（p〉0.05）,有无癌栓形成及肿瘤分期有意义（p〈0.05）;非介入组内年龄、性别、血清HBsAg无统计学意义,肿瘤直径、肿瘤大体分型、有无癌栓形成,肿瘤分期有意义;在3年生存期内介入治疗组中的以上指标无统计学意义,而非介入组在肿瘤直径、有癌栓形成及肿瘤分期方面与统计学意义。结论：对于肿瘤直径〉5cm及术后病理证实为低分化的患者给予积极TACE治疗可明显提高近期生存率。     

A Novel Augmented Reality Navigation System for Endoscopic Sinus and Skull Base Surgery: A Feasibility Study

Objective

To verify the reliability and clinical feasibility of a self-developed navigation system based on an augmented reality technique for endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery.

Materials and Methods

In this study we performed a head phantom and cadaver experiment to determine the display effect and accuracy of our navigational system. We compared cadaver head-based simulated operations, the target registration error, operation time, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index scores of our navigation system to conventional navigation systems.

Results

The navigation system developed in this study has a novel display mode capable of fusing endoscopic images to three-dimensional (3-D) virtual images. In the cadaver head experiment, the target registration error was 1.28 ± 0.45 mm, which met the accepted standards of a navigation system used for nasal endoscopic surgery. Compared with conventional navigation systems, the new system was more effective in terms of operation time and the mental workload of surgeons, which is especially important for less experienced surgeons.

Conclusion

The self-developed augmented reality navigation system for endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery appears to have advantages that outweigh those of conventional navigation systems. We conclude that this navigational system will provide rhinologists with more intuitive and more detailed imaging information, thus reducing the judgment time and mental workload of surgeons when performing complex sinus and skull base surgeries. Ultimately, this new navigational system has potential to increase the quality of surgeries. In addition, the augmented reality navigational system could be of interest to junior doctors being trained in endoscopic techniques because it could speed up their learning. However, it should be noted that the navigation system serves as an adjunct to a surgeon’s skills and knowledge, not as a substitute.     

463例口腔颌面部间隙感染临床病例的回顾性研究

目的:分析口腔颌面部间隙感染的临床特点、诊治要点、病原菌的分布情况以及抗生素使用时长的影响因素。方法:回顾性研究四川大学华西口腔医院2009年至2013年收治的463例颌面部间隙感染患者的临床资料,对性别、入院年龄、体温、入院白细胞数、感染来源、是否进行细菌培养、住院时长等数据进行统计学分析。结果:463例患者的年龄为1~82岁,平均年龄47岁;男性265人(57.24%),女性198人(42.76%);大多数患者平均入院体温、入院时白细胞数、入院中性粒细胞百分数均高于正常值。进行分泌物细菌学培养的患者206人(44.49%),在送检的206份标本中,细菌培养结果阳性的有127例,阴性的79例,感染细菌大部分为链球菌属。抗生素使用时长与患者的年龄、抗生素使用种类、细菌培养结果、是否伴有基础疾病等因素均有显著相关性(P0.05)。结论:患者入院体温、白细胞数、中性粒细胞百分比仍为临床诊治感染的重要指征。及时行脓肿切开引流对控制间隙感染有重要意义;积极进行分泌物细菌培养,对选择正确的抗生素及减少抗生素的使用时长具有指导价值。     

Factors Predisposing to Maxillary Anchorage Loss: A Retrospective Study of 1403 Cases

Anchorage loss is very disturbing for orthodontists and patients during orthodontic treatment, which usually results in bad treatment effects. Despite the same treatment strategy, different patients show different tendencies toward anchorage loss, which influences the treatment results and should preferably be predicted before the treatment is begun. However, relatively little research has been conducted on which patients are more likely to lose anchorage. The mesial tipping of the first molar marks the onset of anchorage loss, and changes in the angulation of the first molar are closely related to anchorage loss. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine how the mesiodistal angulation of the upper first molars changes during general orthodontic treatment and to identify the individual physiologic factors leading to these changes in a large sample of 1403 patients with malocclusion. The data indicate that the upper first molars tend to be tipped mesially during orthodontic treatment, and this constitutes a type of anchorage loss that orthodontists should consider carefully. Compared to treatment-related factors, patients'' physiologic characteristics have a greater influence on changes in the angulation of the upper first molars during orthodontic treatment. The more distally tipped the upper first molars are before treatment, the more they will tip mesially during treatment. Mesial tipping of the upper first molars, and therefore, anchorage loss, is more likely to occur in adolescents, males, patients with class II malocclusion and patients who have undergone maxillary premolar extraction. This finding is of clinical significance to orthodontists who wish to prevent iatrogenic anchorage loss by tipping originally distally tipped upper molars forward, and provides a new perspective on anchorage during orthodontic treatment planning.     

Chinese Specific Characteristics of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: A Retrospective Analysis of 57 Cases

Objective

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative disorder. However, no studies have reported Chinese specific characteristics of sCJD. We aimed to identify differences in sCJD between Chinese patients and patients from other countries.

Methods

The data from 57 Chinese sCJD patients were retrospectively analyzed, including demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, electroencephalograms (EEGs), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) scans, positron emission tomography (PET) scans, and pathological results.

Result

The disease was pathologically confirmed in 11 patients. 39 cases were diagnosed as probable sCJD, and 7 were possible. Of the total cases, 33 were male, and 24 were female. The onset age ranged from 36 to 75 years (mean: 55.5, median: 57). Disease onset before the age of 60 occurred in 57.9% of patients. The disease duration from onset to death ranged 5–22 months (mean: 11.6, median: 11), and 51.9% of patients died 7 to 12 months after disease onset. The majority of patients presented with sub-acute onset with progressive dementia. 3 of the 9 patients who took 14-3-3 protein analysis had positive results (33.3%). The sensitivity of EEG was 79.6% (43/54). For DWI and PET examinations, the sensitivities were 94% (47/50) and 94.1% (16/17), respectively. In seven patients who did not show typical hyper-intensities on the first DWI examination, abnormalities of hypo-metabolism in the cerebral cortex were clearly detected by PET. In 13 out of the 17 patients, PET detected extra abnormal regions in addition to the hyper-intense areas observed in DWI.

Conclusion

This is the first study to indicate that Chinese sCJD patients have a much earlier onset age and a longer disease duration than other populations, which is most likely related to racial differences. The longer disease duration may also be a probable characteristic of Asian populations. PET had high sensitivity for the diagnosis of sCJD.     

Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Typical Medullary Breast Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study of 117 Cases

Purpose

This study analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics of typical medullary breast carcinoma (TMBC) in a cohort of Chinese patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of clinical data including general information, pathologic results, treatment regimens, and patient survival in cases of TMBC diagnosed between February 2004 and April 2011.

Results

A total of 117 patients were enrolled, with a median age of 52 years (range, 28∼92 years). Stage I and II disease accounted for 31.6% and 61.6% of the cases, respectively. Hormonal receptor negative disease (estrogen receptor negative, 68.4%; progestogen receptor negative, 86.3%) was more prevalent in this population. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) positivity was 20.5%, while equivocal and HER-2 negative cases represented 16.2% and 63.2% of the cohort. The triple-negative, luminal, and HER-2 overexpressing subtypes constituted 44.4%, 31.6%, and 15.4% of the cases, respectively. The various TMBC subtypes showed no differences regarding tumor size, rates of lymph node(s) metastasis, TNM staging, treatment regimens, and 2-year recurrence rates. However, patients with triple-negative disease were more likely to be younger, when compared to those with luminal disease (P = 0.002). At a median follow-up of 56 months (range, 2–112 months), the 2-year disease-free survival and overall survival rates were 99.1% and 98.2%, respectively.

Conclusion

Early stage disease dominated the study cohort, and at two years after surgery, recurrence was extremely low. The heterogeneity of molecular subtypes was clearly shown, and no apparent differences were found among the clinicopathologic characteristics of the triple-negative, luminal, and HER-2 overexpressing subtypes.