中国洞穴产类球蛛属蜘蛛一新种(蜘蛛目,类球蛛科)

记述产自贵州省荔波县茂兰国家级自然保护区的类球蛛科类球蛛属1新种,命名为荔波类球蛛Nesticus libo sp.nov..模式标本保存在贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区管理局科研科和河北大学生命科学学院.正模♂,副模1♂,4♀♀,贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区翁外洞,2000年11月13日,陈会明采.鉴别特征:新种近似于上野类球蛛Nesticus uenoi Yaginuma,1972(296,fig 24-26,47,49),但其雄蛛触肢器的中突呈杵状,副跗舟的内侧分叉大;雌蛛外雌器的中隔呈梯形,而不同于后者.     

中国泰莱蛛属一种种记述（蜘蛛目：泰莱蛛科）

记述了采自贵州荔波县茂兰自然保护区的泰莱蛛属1新种：凉席泰莱蛛Telema liangxi sp.nov。新种与Telema dongbei Wang et Ran,1998近似,但螯肢齿堤无齿,雄蛛触肢器生殖球梨形,插入器长,雌蛛纳精囊末端膨大呈梨形,可与之区别,正模♂,贵州荔波县茂兰自然保护区凉席洞,1999年11月5日,陈会明采;副模2♀♀,同正模,模式标本保存在河北大学生命科学学院。     

中国泰莱蛛属一新种记述(蜘蛛目:泰莱蛛科)

记述了采自贵州荔波县茂兰自然保护区的泰莱蛛属1新种:凉席泰莱蛛Telema liangxi sp.nov..新种与Telema dongbei Wang et Ran,1998近似,但螯肢齿堤无齿,雄蛛触肢器生殖球梨形,插入器长,雌蛛纳精囊末端膨大呈梨形,可与之区别.正模♂,贵州荔波县茂兰自然保护区凉席洞,1999年11月5日,陈会明采;副模2♀♀,同正模.模式标本保存在河北大学生命科学学院.     

中国云南球蛛科灵蛛属两新种

记述了云南高黎贡山球蛛科灵蛛属2新种:长灵蛛Thymoites elongatus Peng,Yin et Hu,sp.nov.和三刺灵蛛Thymoites trisetaceus Peng,Yin et Griswold,sp.nov.。并提供了详细的描述和分布数据。模式标本保存在湖南师范大学生命科学学院和美国加州科学院。长灵蛛,新种Thymoites elongatus Peng,Yin et Hu,sp.nov.(图1 ~6)正模♂,副模1♀,云南腾冲县界头乡桥头村, 1 652m,2006-05-17 ,尹长民,胡佳芳,杨小华采(保存于湖南师范大学)。副模: 1 ♂,云南腾冲县界头乡大塘村大河岭干脚,1 952m,2006-05-17 ,彭贤锦,王新平,胡鹏采(保存于美国加州科学院) ;1 ♂,云南腾冲县界头乡大塘村大河岭干脚,1 952m,2006-05-17 ,彭贤锦,王新平,胡鹏采(保存于湖南师范大学)。新种雌蛛与Thymoites chikuniiYoshida,1988相似,但是有以下几点不同:新种交媾腔位于生殖板中部,远离生殖沟。而Thymoites chikunii的交媾腔则位于生殖沟附近。交媾管也比后者更长,弯曲缠绕更复杂。新种雄蛛与王氏灵蛛Thymoites wangi Zhu,1998类似。但有以下区别:新种插入器很长,几乎围绕整个生殖球边缘,而王氏灵蛛的插入器则相对较短,位于生殖球的中部。新种的贮精管清晰可见,后者的则不明显。词源:雄蛛触肢器具有长的引导器,故名长灵蛛。地理分布:中国云南。三刺灵蛛,新种Thymoites trisetaceus Peng,Yin et Griswold,sp.nov.(图7 ~12)正模♂,副模1♀,云南腾冲县界头乡大塘村大河岭干脚, 1 952m,2006-05-14 ,彭贤锦,王新平,胡鹏采(保存于湖南师范大学)。副模: 2 ♂♂,云南腾冲县新华乡龙井村山清, 1 880m,2006-05-27 ,尹长民,胡佳芳,杨小华采(保存于美国加州科学院) ; 1 ♂,云南腾冲县上阴乡窜龙村,1 990m,2006-06-04 ,尹长民,胡佳芳,杨小华采(保存于湖南师范大学) ;1 ♂,云南腾冲县猴桥乡找笔塘村, 2 510m,2006-05-29 ,彭贤锦,王新平,胡鹏采(保存于湖南师范大学)。新种雌雄蛛都类似于王氏灵蛛Thymoites wangiZhu,1998 ,但有以下不同: 1)新种的外雌器后端无球状隆起,而王氏灵蛛的外雌器后端有球状隆起;2)新种雌蛛的交媾管呈纵向排列,而王氏灵蛛的则呈横向排列; 3)新种的交媾孔接近生殖沟,而后者的则远离生殖沟; 4)新种雄蛛的插入器很短,起始部位于9点的位置,而王氏灵蛛的插入器长,起始部位于3点的位置; 5)新种的插入器基部较小,生殖球腹面突起较少。词源:新种因前中、侧眼间的突起上有3根刺,故名三刺灵蛛。地理分布:中国云南。     

中国新园蛛属三新种(蜘蛛目,园蛛科)(英文)

记述中国园蛛科新园蛛属3新种:朱氏新园蛛Neoscona zhui sp.nov.,黄色新园蛛N.flavescenssp.nov.和崇左新园蛛N.chongzuoensis sp.nov.模式标本保存在河北大学博物馆。文中测量单位为mm。朱氏新园蛛,新种Neoscona zhuisp.nov.(图1~9)正模♀,福建武夷山自然保护区,2003年7月17日,张超采。副模1♂,福建武夷山自然保护区,2003年7月17日,张超采。新种与多褶新园蛛N.multiplicans(Chamberlin,1924)近似,区别为:1)新种雌蛛的外雌器基部窄,垂体较长;2)新种外雌器垂体的的侧隆起位于中部,而多褶新园蛛的侧隆起位于垂体的末端;3)新种触肢器的引导器有1骨质化的裂片,而多褶新园蛛无裂片;4)两者中突齿的位置不同;5)新种基节Ⅳ具1肉质的小瘤状突起,而多褶新园蛛无小突起。新种与类青新园蛛N.scylloides(B senberg & Strand,1906)近似,区别为:1)新种雌蛛外雌器的垂体短;2)新种中突相对较小;3)新种触肢器的顶突基部具1凹陷,而类青新园蛛无凹陷;4)两者胫节Ⅱ的刚毛数不同。词源:新种...     

中国红螯蛛属一新种(蜘蛛目,米图蛛科)

记述中国米图蛛科红螯蛛属1新种,膨胀红螯蛛Cheiracanthium inflatum sp.nov.,模式标本保存在河北大学博物馆.膨胀红螯蛛,新种Cheiracanthium inflatum sp.nov.(图1～14)正模♂,广西大明山自然保护区浣纱瀑布,2011年5月23日,王英楠采.副模:1♀,1♂,广西大明山自然保护区浣纱瀑布,2011年5月23日,彭艳秋采;1 ♂,广西大明山自然保护区龙腾宾馆附近,2011年5月29日,王英楠采.新种与短刺红螯蛛C.brevispinum Song et al,1982,岛红螯蛛C.insulanum (Thorell,1878)和彭妮红螯蛛C.pennyi O.P.-Cambridge,1873近似,但与后者的区别为:1)新种雄蛛中突较短呈刺状,而短刺红螯蛛中突较长且中央弯曲呈镰刀状,岛红螯蛛中突呈扁带状,彭妮红螯蛛中突较长呈钩状;2)新种雌蛛的纳精囊呈倒梨形,而短刺红螯蛛纳精囊略长呈肾形,岛红螯蛛纳精囊为球形,而彭妮红螯蛛纳精囊呈半球状.分布:中国广西.词源:新种种名源自拉丁词“inflatum”,指其膨胀的生殖球,形容词.     

中国云南齿腹蛛属一新种(蜘蛛目,球蛛科)

记述描绘了采自云南热带雨林的齿腹蛛属1新种,舟突齿腹蛛Molione lembodasp.nov.。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。舟突齿腹蛛Molione lemboda sp.nov.(图1～6)新种与该属基纳齿腹蛛Molione kinabalu Yoshida,2003非常近似,但是新种腹部末端有3个锥形突起;球蛛盾片突为反转的舟形;雌性交媾管较短,伸向陷窝两侧。正模♂,云南勐仑自然保护区,2007-07-27。副模:12♂♂,5♀♀,采集信息同正模;1♂,云南勐仑自然保护区,2007-07-30;1♀,云南勐仑自然保护区,2007-07-22;1♀,云南勐仑自然保护区,2007-07-28,采集人郑国。     

中国福建武夷山拟肥腹蛛属一新种记述(蜘蛛目,球蛛科)

记述采自我国福建武夷山球蛛科拟肥腹蛛属1新种,汪氏拟肥腹蛛Parasteatoda wangi sp.nov..模式标本保存在河北大学博物馆.汪氏拟肥腹,新种Parasteatoda wangi sp.nov.(图1～11)正模♀,福建武夷山桃源峪,2010年8月9日.副模:12♂♂,16 ♀♀,桃源峪,2010年8月9日;1♂,1♀,桃源峪,2010年8月13日;4 ♂ ♂,4♀♀,桐木关,2010年8月8日;3♀♀,南坑,2010年8月6日;1 ♂,黄溪洲,2010年8月6日;2 ♂ ♂,3♀♀,桃源峪,2004年5月25号;1♀,磨石坑,2004年5月20日.全部模式标本均由张锋采集于福建武夷山.新种在生殖器官上与台湾的兰屿拟肥腹蛛Parasteatoda lanyuensis(Yoshida,Tso& Severinghaus,2000)十分相似,如两者触肢器的插入器都又细又长,并围成1个环;外雌器的连接管都在靠近纳精囊的部分呈螺旋形.雌性可以由以下区别:1)前庭宽大约是长的2倍,后者将近相等;2)新种雌性外雌器前庭具有明显的后缘且前缘中央后凹,后者无明显后缘且前缘中央不后凹;3)新种纳精囊之间的距离大约为1个纳精囊直径,后者距离小于1个半径.雄性可以由以下区别:1)新种由插入器围成的环的直径长度大约占生殖球长度的4/5,后者大约占2/3;2)新种引导器基部宽,且端部钝且具有1透明的兜,后者基部瘦,端部尖且弯曲;3)新种亚盾板比后者小.词源:新种种名源自福建武夷山国家级自然保护区汪家社先生的姓氏,以感谢他对笔者野外工作的帮助;词性为名词性同位语.分布:中国(福建).     

中国西南安拉蛛属两新种记述(蛛形纲,愈螯蛛科)

记述了采自贵州洞穴和云南西双版纳雨林的愈螯蛛科安拉蛛属2新种,盘县安拉蛛Anapistula panensis sp.nov.和郑氏安拉蛛Anapistula zhengi sp.nov.,模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所(IZCAS).盘县安拉蛛,新种Anapistula panensis sp.nov.(图1～5)新种与A.bifurcate Harvey,1998相似.它们的区别为:前者触肢引导器呈不对称分叉,后者为对称分叉;前者跗舟具2根长背刺,后者缺失;前者生殖板中管成“Y”形,后者为“T”形;前者生殖板后缘直,后者呈弧形.正模♂,产自中国贵州省盘县珠东乡十里坪村神仙洞(25°37′N,104°45′E;海拔1 687 m),2007年3月15日.副模:1 ♂,50♀♀,采集信息同正模,刘杰、林玉成采.词源:新种种名源自模式产地地名;形容词.郑氏安拉蛛,新种Anapistula zhengi sp.nov.(图6～ 10)新种与A.secreta Gertsch,1941相似.它们区别为:前者跗舟具2根明显的长背刺,后者仅1根;前者触肢引导器呈三分叉,后者为二分叉;前者生殖板中管宽且短,后者窄且长;前者纳精囊较小,后者稍大.正模♂,产自中国云南省勐腊县勐仑镇西双版纳自然保护区雨林冠层(21°56′N,101°17′E;海拔876m),2006-09-19～ 2007-03-15.副模:48♂♂,156♀♀,采集信息同正模,郑国采.词源:新种种名源自采集人沈阳师范大学郑国博士的名字;词性为名词性同位语.     

中国管巢蛛属两新种记述(蜘蛛目,管巢蛛科)

报道采自太行山区的管巢蛛科管巢蛛属2新种:白石山管巢蛛Clubiona baishishan sp. nov.和克氏管巢蛛Clubiona kropfi sp. nov. .模式标本保存在河北大学生命科学学院.文中测量单位为mm.白石山管巢蛛,新种Clubiona baishishan sp.nov.(图1)正模♂,副模2♀♀,河北省涞源县(39.3°N,114.7°E)白石山,1999年7月4日,海拔1 300～1 400 m,张锋、张俊霞采;副模7♂♂,3♀♀,河北省平山县驼梁,1999年6月5日,海拔1 500～1 700 m,张锋采.新种与沟岸管巢蛛Clubiona riparia L. Koch, 1866相似,但有以下3点区别:1)本种雄蛛触肢的胫节突复杂,而后者较为简单;2)本种外雌器呈"门"字形,而后者不同于此;3)本种螯肢的后齿堤2齿,而后者为4齿.词源学:新种的种名依模式标本的产地拟定.克氏管巢蛛,新种Clubiona kropfi sp. nov.(图2)正模♀,副模1♀,河北省涞源县白石山,1999年7月16日,海拔1 300 m,张锋采.新种近似巴氏管巢蛛Clubiona bakurovi Mikhailov,1990,但本种的外雌器后缘硬化部分超越生殖沟向后延伸,后中部形成一舌状的突起.词源学:新种的种名以瑞士蛛形学家克罗普夫博士(Dr. C. Kropf)的姓氏拟定,以感谢他对此研究工作的支持.     

Materials for Chinese Phyllanthoideae

The present paper is part of taxonomic study on Chinese Phyllanthoideae. Included in it are two new varieties, Leptopus esquirolii var. villosus and Drypetes hainanensis var. longistipitata, one new combination, Glochidion triandrum var. siamense, and seven new records in China: Drypetes salicifolia, D. hoaensis. Actephila subsessilis, Glochidion khasicum, G. nubigennum, Bridelia spiosa and B. poilanei. In addition, seventeen taxon names are newly reduced: Liodendron formosanum = Drypetes formosana, Liodendron matsumurae = Drypetes matsumurae, D. longipes = D. indica, Antidesma paxii = A. acidum, A. hiiranense, A. filipes and A. pentandrum var. hiiranense = A. japonicum, A. calvescens = A. montanum, A. microphyllum = A. venosum, Breynia stipitata var. formosana and B. jormosana = B. vitis-idaea, Glochidion zeylanicum var. tomentosum = G. hirsutum, G. rubidulum = G. thomsonii, G. acuminatum = G. triandrum, G. fagifolium and Phyllanthus fagifolius = Glochidion sphaerogynum, Bridelia penangiena = B. insulana, B. henryana = B. tomentosa. All the types are kept in SCBl and PE.     

Phylogenetic revision of the Taenogera Kröber genus-group (Diptera: Therevidae), with descriptions of two new genera

The phylogenetic relationships of the Taenogera genus-group, consisting of nine genera, are examined using cladistic methods. Twenty-one species representing nine genera and one outgroup were compared in a cladistic analysis across 99 states in 44 characters. The genus Taenogera Kröber is revised to contain only T. longa (Schiner), T. nitida (Macquart) and T. notatithorax Mann. Two new genera are described and figured: Actenomeros gen. n., with two species, A. corniculaticaudus sp. n. and A. onyx sp. n.; and Taenogerella gen. n., with four species, Ta. elizabethae sp. n., Ta. platina sp. n., Ta. schlingeri sp. n. and Ta . nigrapicalis (Mann) comb. n. Phylogenetic analysis also supports the removal of Nanexila gracilis (Mann) comb. n. from Taenogera .     

Relationships between host blood factors and proteases in Glossina morsitans subspecies infected with Trypanosoma congolense

Abstract. Host blood effects on Trypanosoma congolense establishment in Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis were investigated using goat, rabbit, cow and rhinoceros blood. Meals containing goat erythrocytes facilitated infection in G. m. morsitans , whereas meals containing goat plasma facilitated infection in G. m. centralis. Goat blood effects were not observed in the presence of complementary rabbit blood components. N-acetyl-glucosamine (a midguMectin inhibitor) increased infection rates in some, but not all, blood manipulations. Cholesterol increased infection rates in G. m. centralis only. Both compounds together added to cow blood produced superinfection in G. m. centralis , but not in G. m. morsitans. Midgut protease levels did not differ 6 days post-infection in flies maintaining infections versus flies clearing infections. Protease levels were weakly correlated with patterns of infection, but only in G. m. morsitans. These results suggest that physiological mechanisms responsible for variation in infection rates are only superficially similar in these closely-related tsetse.     

Selection of Verticillium lecanii Isolates with High Potential for Biocontrol of Cucumber Powdery Mildew by Means of Components Analysis at Different Humidity Regimes

To identify characteristics for the selection of Verticillium lecanii isolates with high potential for biocontrol of Sphaerotheca fuliginea under glasshouse conditions, an exploratory study was performed on the effect of water limitation on the development of 14 isolates. The conidial germination, growth and sporulation of isolates of V. lecanii were studied in a tritrophic system on cucumber leaves and in a ditrophic system in Petri dishes. Their mycoparasitic ability was studied in S. fuliginea and Cladosporium cladosporioides . All characteristics were clearly affected by humidity. Four isolates showed good biocontrol potential. The performance of isolates on agar had less predictive value than on powdery mildew. The germination of isolates of V. lecanii was lower and the mycelial growth faster on agar than on mildewed leaves under corresponding humidity conditions. The results suggest that conditions in the phyllosphere differed from the set humidity in the surrounding air. A correlation was found between the lysis of C. cladosporioides growing in dual culture on agar with isolates of V. lecanii and the parasitism of powdery mildew on detached, rooted leaves. C. cladosporioides might offer a suitable substrate for testing isolates of V. lecanii for mycoparasitic potential under various environmental conditions. Conidial germination, growth and sporulation had limited predictive value.     

Evaluation of the Palaearctic Eurithia consobrina (Diptera: Tachinidae) as a Potential Biocontrol Agent for Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Canada

The evaluation of Eurithia consobrina (Meigen) as a candidate for introduction against bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in western Canada included studies of its host range, distribution, synchronization with host, constancy, abundance and life history in Europe. In addition, its diapause induction and its coldhardiness were compared with those of the target host M. configurata and its native tachinid parasitoid, Athrycia cinerea (Coq.). E. consobrina was found to fit criteria for a successful biocontrol agent reasonably well. It also had the potential to fill a largely unoccupied niche in the parasitoid complex of M. configurata. E. consobrina has a facultative diapause of the long-day type, similar to A. cinerea, but is less sensitive to diapause-inducing conditions. E. consobrina is at least as coldhardy as A. cinerea and more coldhardy than M. configurata. Laboratory exposures to temperatures of 0 C for 140 days apparently selected for greater coldhardiness, and later generations survived exposures of 140 days at -15 C without significant mortality. Adult E. consobrina were released at three locations in Manitoba in 1986 and 1987, but establishment has not been confirmed.     

Predation by Halmus chalybeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Ceroplastes destructor and C. sinensis (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Ceroplastinae) Infesting Citrus in Northland, New Zealand

Predation by Halmus chalybeus (steelblue ladybird) on two species of wax scale was studied on citrus orchards in Northland, New Zealand. Field experiments using an exclusion technique of enclosing citrus branches in bags, found that larval and adult H. chalybeus preyed on first and second instars of both Ceroplastes destructor (white wax scale) and C. sinensis (Chinese wax scale), but not third instar C. destructor. Third instar C. sinensis and adults of both species were not tested but are rarely, if ever, attacked by H. chalybeus. The sampling of scale and ladybird populations and field experiments showed that few scales of either species survived past the second instar stage where H. chalybeus was numerous. The feeding rate of H. chalybeus on settled first and second instar scales was estimated inside bagged branches. Adults consumed on average 15.6 C. destructor and 13.3 C. sinensis per day per ladybird, while larvae ate 9.7 C. destructor per day. These feeding rates accounted for the experimental reduction of scale populations. H. chalybeus is a useful natural enemy for the control of C. destructor and C. sinensis when its activity is not disrupted by pesticides.     

Further flavonoid studies onAttalea species and some related cocosoid palms

In a flavonoid survey of direct and hydrolysed leaf extracts of sixteenAttalea, sevenScheelea and fourOrbignya species free tricin, tricin 7-glycosides, tricin 5-glucoside and flavone C-glycosides were the most frequent constituents; present in 100, 89, 70, and 81% of species, respectively. Luteolin, quercetin and isorhamnetin were each found in only 15% of the sample. The present results confirm the findings of a previous survey thatAttalea, Scheelea andOrbignya are chemically heterogeneous with as much variation between species as between genera. Furthermore, threeAttalea species,A. allenii, A. guaranitica andA. victoriana showed some infraspecific variation. On the other hand all three accessions ofA. ferruginea and six ofA. geraensis examined gave identical flavonoid profiles. The results support the view thatA. geraensis andA. guaranitica are closely related but do not support the suggested close relationship based on morphology betweenA. oleifera, A. burretiana andA. piassabossu.     

Investigations into the evolutionary history of the polyploid complexAntennaria neodioica (Asteraceae: Inuleae)

TheAntennaria neodioica polyploid agamic complex is a polymorphic species occurring across North America mainly north of the terminal margin of the Wisconsin glacier. This taxonomically difficult group has recently been treated as consisting of the four subspeciesA. neodioica subsp.canadensis, subsp.howellii, subsp.neodioica, and subsp.petaloidea. TheA. neodioica agamic complex has been considered of hybrid origin with several sexual diploid species constituting its parentage. Crosses were made among five sexual diploid species ofAntennaria, morphologically similar toA. neodioica s.l., in an attempt to discover its origins. Representative specimens of the five diploid species,A. neodioica s. l., and the synthetic interspecific F₁ hybrids were subjected to various analyses including PCA, cluster (UPGMA), and discriminant analyses. Results suggest that theA. neodioica complex is of multiple hybrid origin involving the four diploid speciesA. neglecta, A. plantaginifolia, A. racemosa, andA. virginica. BecauseA. neodioica is the result of diverse origin it is more desirable to consider the agamic complex as a separate, distinct species from its sexual diploid relatives. Several morphological characters in the diploid species were determined to be polygenically inherited.Investigations into the Evolutionary History of the Polyploid Complexes inAntennaria (Asteraceae: Inuleae). I.