黑老虎叶总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

为探讨超声波辅助提取黑老虎叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件及其抗氧化活性,该文以黑老虎叶为研究对象,采用超声波提取法提取黑老虎叶总黄酮,通过单因素试验研究提取时间、乙醇浓度、提取温度、料液比对黑老虎叶总黄酮提取率的影响在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验优化其提取工艺条件,测试了最优条件下提取的黑老虎叶总黄酮对DPPH自由基、·OH自由基及超氧阴离子的清除能力。结果表明:黑老虎叶总黄酮超声辅助提取最佳提取条件为提取时间35 min、乙醇浓度80%、提取温度50℃、料液比1:20g·mL^-1最佳条件下提取率为4.83%。抗氧化活性测试结果显示,黑老虎叶总黄酮表现出较好的清除DPPH自由基、·OH自由基及超氧阴离子能力,其抗氧化能力为清除DPPH自由基能力>清除超氧阴离子能力>清除·OH自由基能力。在浓度为0.8 mg·mL^-1时,黑老虎叶总黄酮清除DPPH自由基、·OH自由基及超氧阴离子的能力相当于同浓度下Vc的97.6%、82.1%、95.5%,黑老虎叶总黄酮是天然抗氧化剂的良好来源。上述结果为黑老虎叶活性成分的提取及开发利用提供了理论基...     

均质剪切辅助响应面法提取扛板归总黄酮及其抗氧化性能研究

为了研究扛板归中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺及其体外抗氧化活性,在高剪切及回流提取单因素的基础上,采用响应面法考察了回流温度、回流时间、料液比、乙醇浓度对提取率的影响。结果显示,扛板归总黄酮最优提取工艺为:回流温度79.86℃,回流时间2.03 h,乙醇浓度51.64%,料液比1∶59(m∶V),剪切次数7次,剪切温度50℃。最优工艺下总黄酮的提取率为8.37%。提取的总黄酮抗氧化性能良好,浓度为8 mg/mL时,对DPPH·、O■和·OH三种自由基的清除率在68%～90%之间。     

少花龙葵茎总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化性研究

采用乙醇浸提法对Solanum photeinocar pum茎总黄酮的提取工艺及其抗氧化性能进行了研究,探讨了溶剂浓度、温度、提取时间、料液比等因素对总黄酮含量提取的影响,并采用正交实验对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,最佳提取工艺参数乙醇浓度为40%,提取温度为80℃,时间为1h,料液比1:16(g:mL)。在此条件下测得总黄酮含量为4.39mg/g,提取物对羟自由基具有较好的清除效果。     

黄芪茎叶总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

以黄芪茎叶为材料、总黄酮的提取率为指标,通过正交试验确定了醇提的最佳工艺：乙醇浓度90%、料液比1∶10、在60℃下提取15 h,黄芪茎叶总黄酮得率达382%。体外抗氧化活性研究发现,黄芪茎叶总黄酮对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基均有较高的清除能力,并与总黄酮质量浓度呈一定的正相关关系。     

杨梅树皮黄酮的提取及体外抗氧化研究

采用乙醇热回流提取法对杨梅树皮中总黄酮进行提取,通过正交试验确定了杨梅树皮总黄酮乙醇热回流提取法的最佳工艺条件:以28目的杨梅树皮粉为原料,料液比为1∶60,用60%的乙醇溶液在60℃的水浴中提取2.5h,提取率达6.86%。利用清除DPPH自由基的能力和还原力作为指标测定了杨梅树皮总黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明,杨梅树皮黄酮有较强的抗氧化能力。     

高压脉冲电场法提取干松针总黄酮及其体外抗氧化性检测

主要研究了高压脉冲电场法提取干松针总黄酮的工艺条件,并对松针总黄酮体外抗氧化性能进行初步分析.结果表明,最优的高压脉冲电场提取条件为:电场强度20 kV/cm,脉冲数8个,料液比1:50.松针总黄酮提取率的影响因素:料液比＞电场强度＞脉冲数.松针落叶中总黄酮物质对自由基清除能力随浓度的增加而升高,松针总黄酮对Fe~(3+)的还原能力比抗坏血酸强.     

超临界CO_2流体萃取苦瓜总黄酮工艺及其抗氧化活性

利用响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取苦瓜总黄酮的工艺参数,在单因素实验基础上,以萃取时间、萃取温度及萃取压力为自变量,总黄酮提取率为响应值,采用中心组合设计的方法,研究各自变量及其交互作用对总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明,3个因素对总黄酮提取率的影响大小依次为萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间。利用SAS软件和响应面分析相结合的方法模拟得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,确定最佳工艺条件:采用无水乙醇为夹带剂(4.0 mL/g),萃取压力33.4 MPa、萃取温度46℃、萃取时间53.2 m in。此条件下,苦瓜总黄酮提取率达到84.3%。抗氧化实验表明:超临界CO2萃取能较好保留苦瓜总黄酮的抗氧化活性,采用超临界CO2萃取法提取的苦瓜总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性,当质量浓度为1 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基的清除能力与Vc相当,清除率达到93.1%。     

酶辅助法提取透骨草中总黄酮及抗氧化性研究

本文采用纤维素酶辅助法提取透骨草中总黄酮,即先用纤维素酶酶解透骨草,再用乙醇回流法提取透骨草中的总黄酮。分别固定提取剂乙醇浓度为70%,料液比为1∶20 g/m L,初步探究了纤维素酶浓度、酶解p H、酶解温度、酶解时间四个单因素对透骨草总黄酮提取率的影响。设计正交实验确定了酶辅助法提取透骨草中总黄酮的较佳条件:纤维素酶浓度为2 U/m L、酶解p H=4.5、酶解温度为45℃、酶解时间2 h,总黄酮提取率为1.27%。本文初步探究了透骨草总黄酮提取液对羟自由基的清除活性,对照实验结果表明透骨草提取液对羟自由基清除活性要高于相同浓度的芦丁与二丁基羟基甲苯。     

超临界CO2提取甘草地上部分总黄酮

采用单因素试验对甘草地上部分(茎叶)的超临界CO2提取工艺进行了研究。实验考察了压力、萃取时间、温度及CO2流量对甘草地上部分总黄酮提取率的影响,以总黄酮提取率和含量为指标,系统的研究了超临界二氧化碳萃取法提取甘草地上部分总黄酮的提取效果。得出的最佳工艺参数为:采用40-60目原料,80%乙醇为夹带剂,萃取时间:1.5 h;萃取压力:30.0 MPa;萃取温度:50℃;CO2流量:10 kg.h-1;分离压力:5.8 MPa;分离温度:40℃。实验结果表明超临界二氧化碳萃取甘草总黄酮的提取率2.09%,含量5.42%,工艺具有提取率高,纯度高的特点,为规模化生产甘草总黄酮的提取提供了研究基础。     

鸡蛋参多糖提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

目的：优化鸡蛋参多糖水提工艺,并研究其抗氧化活性。方法：在单因素试验结果的基础上,以多糖提取率为指标,采用响应面法优化鸡蛋参多糖的水提工艺;以自由基清除率为指标,采用自由基清除试验考察鸡蛋参多糖体外抗氧化活性。结果：鸡蛋参多糖最佳水提条件为提取时间90 min、提取温度63℃、液料比25 mL/g,在此条件下鸡蛋参多糖提取率达到52.43%;该多糖质量浓度为4 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和羟基自由基清除率分别为38.13%、54.37%、54.89%。结论：鸡蛋参多糖水提优化工艺可行,该工艺下提取的多糖具有一定抗氧化活性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.