内蒙古地区白桦外生菌根形态类型及分子鉴定

以内蒙古不同地区白桦外生菌根为材料,采用形态解剖学方法和分子生物学手段对与白桦共生的外生菌根真菌多样性进行全面的调查,并经对所测序列与GenBank和Database比对。结果显示:在内蒙古地区与白桦共生的外生菌根真菌共13种,其中担子菌7种,子囊菌4种,分别来自于丝膜菌属、丝盖伞属、蜡壳耳属、毛革菌属、滑菇属和空团菌属、块菌属、地怀菌属。其中,菌根类型T₈和T₁₁未能提出其总DNA,根据其外生菌根形态类型并参照Agerer体视显微镜菌根图谱和Haug菌根图谱进行比较,分类鉴定为荷顿氏疣柄牛肝菌和白桦外生菌根真菌一种。结果表明,内蒙古地区白桦外生菌根真菌多样性相对较高,且与利用地上子实体鉴定的外生菌根真菌种类有一定的区别。     

东北红松纯林菌根外生菌根真菌群落与环境因子的相关性

外生菌根是木本植物根系与真菌形成的共生结构,外生菌根真菌在红松等外生菌根树种的定植与森林生态系统的保持方面起到至关重要的作用。明确菌根系统内外生菌根真菌群落组成是揭示菌根共生机制的前提条件。本研究利用Illumina Hiseq测序平台对生长季内红松纯林内根围土壤及菌根样品ITS2区进行高通量测序,分析其外生菌根真菌群落结构随季节的变化规律,同时通过统计学的方法分析了红松根系微生态中外生菌根真菌群落结构组成变化与其他生物因素、非生物因素的相关性。结果如下：（1）从6月份到10月份,5个月的菌根样品测序共得到741个真菌OTUs,利用FUNGuild数据库分析,其中85个OTUs归类为外生菌根真菌,优势属（相对丰度>5）为蜡壳菌属Sebacina、乳牛肝菌属Suillus、Meliniomyces、红菇属Russula、棉革菌属Tomentella、须腹菌属Rhizopogon和缘腺革菌属Amphinema。6月份菌根中外生菌根真菌的多样性最大,显著高于其他月份。（2）红松林外生菌根真菌群落组成受到土壤pH、有效磷含量、有效钾含量和土壤有效氮含量的影响,它们与外生菌根真菌优势属相对丰度呈现正相关或负相关。（3）根围土壤内真菌是影响红松根系外生菌根真菌相对丰度的另一重要因素,其中,包括普可尼亚属Pochonia、产丝齿菌属Hyphodontia、镰刀菌属Fusarium、Collembolispora、枝穗霉属Clonostachys、Apodus、鹅膏属Amanita在内的土壤真菌与根内外生菌根真菌的相对丰度呈线性关系。同时,超过85%的根内外生菌根真菌与同一取样地的土壤共有,可以认为侵染和扩散是红松根内外生菌根真菌群落形成的主要方式,同时兼有植物根系的选择,因为根内并不包括所有土壤中存在的外生菌根真菌,其机制需要进一步人工模拟试验验证。     

云南松幼苗上红菇类菌根真菌的物种多样性及其菌根形态

以滇中1～2年生云南松幼苗为研究对象,观察鉴定与其共生的红菇属真菌外生菌根。形态观察发现了6种形态型（morphotypes）。本文对这6种形态型的外观和显微特征进行了详细描述,尤其强调了菌套形态特征。对rDNAITS片段比对分析表明,6种形态型对应6种红菇属真菌,它们分别是与Russula li-vescens、R.violeipes、R.densifolia、R.nigricans、R.sanguinea及R.nauseosa相近的红菇种类。本研究表明,形成的菌根及其菌套和囊状体的特征在红菇属真菌的系统分支间表现出较为稳定的差异。这一研究与前人对该属真菌的菌根形态及分类学研究基本吻合。红菇属真菌是云南松1～2年幼苗期的主要共生真菌类群。     

云南化佛山自然保护区大型真菌多样性及分布特征分析

对云南化佛山自然保护区大型真菌的种类组成和生态分布特征进行了详细的调查和分析.调查结果表明:该保护区内共有233种(含亚种、变种和变型)大型真菌,隶属于子囊菌门和担子菌门16目48科94属,其中,红菇科(Russulaceae)、小菇科(Mycenaceae)、丝膜菌科(Cortinariaceae)、多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)、牛肝菌科(Boletaceae)、陀螺菌科(Gomphaceae)和鹅膏科(Amanitaceae)7个优势科的种数较多,分别含37、22、18、17、16、11和10种.具有重要经济价值的大型真菌中包括药用菌59种、食用菌97种和毒菌35种;根据生态类型划分,有虫生菌1种、木生菌52种、土生菌39种、外生菌根菌141种.该保护区大型真菌的分布与温湿度、林下光照及林龄等生态环境因子的变化有关,具体表现在不同月份、郁闭度和林型条件下,大型真菌的种类组成和数量、优势类群都出现不同的分布特点.6月份木生菌的种数和个体数最多,8月份和9月份外生菌根菌的种数和个体数最多.在郁闭度60％～70％条件下,以多孔菌科和小菇科种类为主;在郁闭度70％～80％的条件下,以红菇科、丝膜菌科和多孔菌科种类为主;在郁闭度80％～90％条件下,以红菇科、丝膜菌科和牛肝菌科种类为主.在中龄林中大型真菌的种数多于幼龄林,其中,红菇科、丝膜菌科、牛肝菌科和陀螺菌科种类在幼龄林和中龄林中均有分布;鹅膏科种类只分布在中龄林中.根据调查结果,对该保护区大型真菌的保护提出了一些建议.     

外生菌根菌与森林树木的相互关系

生态系统的每个过程都伴随着各种微生物的活动,其中最重要的功能群之一是菌根真菌(菌根菌)。一般认为,菌根菌是自然界多数植物生存最基本的组成部分,陆地上约90％以上的高等植物都具有菌根菌。这些菌类的菌丝体与植物根系结合形成菌根,使植物生长成为可能,使不同种类植物的根系联在一起。根据菌根菌入侵植物根系的方式及菌根的形态特征,菌根可分为外生菌根、内生菌根和内外生菌根3组共7种类型。外生菌根主要出现在松科、桦木科、壳斗科等树种的森林生态系统中,在根系表面形成菌丝鞘,部分菌丝进入根系皮层细胞间隙形成哈氏网表面。菌根菌剂在森林经营中得到广泛地应用。外生菌根菌对森林树木的作用可归纳为：1)促进造林或育苗成活与生长;2)提高森林生态系统中植物的多样性、稳定性和生产力;3)对森林生态系统的综合效应,主要表现在增加植物一土壤联结,改善土壤结构,促进土壤微生物,增强植物器官的功能;4)抗拮植物根部病害病原菌等。树木与菌根菌相互关系研究主要包括：1)菌根共生的机理;2)菌根菌在退化森林生态系统恢复与改造中的作用;3)菌根菌的分布格局与森林生态系统服务功能的关系;4)菌根菌对森林生态系统的综合效应,如菌根菌与森林植物群落结构、物种多样性以及森林系统稳定性和生产力的研究。     

《菌物学报》“菌根真菌专刊”征稿通知

<正>真菌与植物关系密切、共同发展、协同进化,在自然界长期演化过程中,真菌与植物逐渐建立了共生关系。业已证实,菌根真菌与植物根系建立的共生体是生物圈内典型的互惠共生关系。菌根真菌几乎涉及真菌界所有门类。其中,丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)属于专性活体营养的共生真菌,已分离鉴定近300种,隶属球囊菌门1纲4目11科25属;外生菌根真菌隶属担子菌门、子囊菌门、接合菌门和无性态真菌,全球约5 000~6 000种,     

庐山外生菌根真菌的分布

早在一个世纪以前,人们就发现自然界中许多高等植物与真菌存在共生关系,并把这种共生体叫做菌根（Ｍｙｃｏｒｒｈｉｚａ）,最常见的菌根分为内生菌根（Ｅｎｄｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｍｙｃｏｒｒｈｉｚａ）和外生菌根（Ｅｎｔｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｍｙｃｏｒｒｈｉｚａ）。据Ｔｒｐｐｅ的调查［１］,能够形成菌根的真菌很多,与木本植物形成外生菌根的真菌多属于伞菌、多孔菌、腹菌等计有１１目３０科９０多个属;在植物界除了水生植物和极少数陆生植物种属外都能形成菌根。我国已报道能形成外生菌根的真菌约２８个科６３个属［２．４］。庐山是…     

秦岭辛家山林区云杉外生菌根真菌多样性

摘要:【目的】为了研究秦岭辛家山林区云杉外生菌根真菌多样性状况。【方法】通过野外调查结合形态学和分子生物学鉴定方法。【结果】与秦岭辛家山林区云杉共生的外生菌根真菌有37 种不同的类型,包括1种子囊菌、34种担子菌和2 种未知种,分属于10科14属,其中丝伞盖属(Inocybe sp.)是优势类群,厌味红菇(Russula nauseosa)是优势种,蜡伞属(Hygrophorus sp.)、丝伞盖属1 (Inocybe sp.1)、柔膜菌属(Helotiaceae sp.)、Tomentella coerulea、Lactarius deterrimus是常见种,其他31种是少见种。【结论】云杉外生菌根真菌群落优势种的数量较多,而种类相对却较少;少见种的数量较少,而种类相对却较多;对于西部生态系统极度退化干旱区,鉴定出一些少见种进一步的开发和利用具有非常重要的现实意义。     

黄山地区松树林外生菌根菌资源及生态分布

1998～2003年,对黄山地区松树林下外生菌根菌资源及生态分布进行了调查,鉴定出外生菌根菌43种,隶属于10科17属.其中马尾松林下有43种、黄山松林下有12种.马尾松幼林下的外生菌根菌种类单一,彩色豆马勃、硬皮马勃类为优势菌种;马尾松成熟林下外生菌根菌种类丰富,其优势种类为红菇科、鹅膏菌科、牛肝菌科和鸡油菌科的一些种类.并分析了树种植被对外生菌根菌分布的影响,菌根真菌的分布与温度、湿度及土壤条件的关系.     

外生菌根合成过程中外源竞争性真菌及其菌根形态

在温室内,利用松属Pinus、栎属Quercus植物幼苗分别与乳菇属Lactarius、块菌属Tuber中重要食用菌进行菌根合成过程中,发现有9种外源竞争性菌根真菌exogenous competitive mycorrhizal fungi （ECMF）会造成宿主植物污染。形态解剖和分子生物学鉴定结果表明,9种ECMF分属5个属（Amphinema、须腹菌属Rhizopogon、硬皮马勃属Scleroderma、小球孢盘菌属Sphaerosporella、乳牛肝菌属Suillus）5科（阿太菌科Atheliaceae、须腹菌科Rhizopogonaceae、硬皮马勃科Sclerodermataceae、火丝菌科Pyronemataceae、乳牛肝菌科Suillaceae）,其中,造成松树苗污染的主要为Amphinema、Rhizopogon和Suillus属的种类,造成栎树苗污染的主要为Scleroderma属的种类,而Sphaerosporella属的种类既能污染松也能污染栎。同时,对ECMF形成菌根的形态与解剖特征进行了描述,以期为菌根合成过程中ECMF污染的识别与控制提供借鉴。     

亚热带典型树种根毛特征及其与共生真菌的关系

根毛和共生真菌增加了吸收面积,提高了植物获取磷等土壤资源的能力。由于野外原位观测根表微观结构较为困难,吸收细根、根毛、共生真菌如何相互作用并适应土壤资源供应,缺乏相应的数据和理论。该研究以受磷限制的亚热带森林为对象,选取了21种典型树种,定量了根毛存在情况、属性变异,分析了根毛形态特征与共生真菌侵染率、吸收细根功能属性之间的关系,探讨了根表结构对低磷土壤的响应和适应格局。结果表明:1)在亚热带森林根毛不是普遍存在的, 21个树种中仅发现7个树种存有根毛, 4个为丛枝菌根(AM)树种, 3个为外生菌根(ECM)树种。其中,马尾松(Pinus massoniana)根毛出现率最高,为86%;2)菌根类型是理解根-根毛-共生真菌关系的关键,AM树种根毛密度与共生真菌侵染率正相关,但ECM树种根毛直径与共生真菌侵染率负相关; 3) AM树种根毛长度和根毛直径、ECM树种根毛出现率与土壤有效磷含量呈负相关关系。该研究揭示了不同菌根类型树种根毛-共生真菌-根属性的格局及相互作用,为精细理解养分获取策略奠定了基础。     

How are plant and fungal communities linked to each other in belowground ecosystems? A massively parallel pyrosequencing analysis of the association specificity of root-associated fungi and their host plants

In natural forests, hundreds of fungal species colonize plant roots. The preference or specificity for partners in these symbiotic relationships is a key to understanding how the community structures of root‐associated fungi and their host plants influence each other. In an oak‐dominated forest in Japan, we investigated the root‐associated fungal community based on a pyrosequencing analysis of the roots of 33 plant species. Of the 387 fungal taxa observed, 153 (39.5%) were identified on at least two plant species. Although many mycorrhizal and root‐endophytic fungi are shared between the plant species, the five most common plant species in the community had specificity in their association with fungal taxa. Likewise, fungi displayed remarkable variation in their association specificity for plants even within the same phylogenetic or ecological groups. For example, some fungi in the ectomycorrhizal family Russulaceae were detected almost exclusively on specific oak (Quercus) species, whereas other Russulaceae fungi were found even on “non‐ectomycorrhizal” plants (e.g., Lyonia and Ilex). Putatively endophytic ascomycetes in the orders Helotiales and Chaetothyriales also displayed variation in their association specificity and many of them were shared among plant species as major symbionts. These results suggest that the entire structure of belowground plant–fungal associations is described neither by the random sharing of hosts/symbionts nor by complete compartmentalization by mycorrhizal type. Rather, the colonization of multiple types of mycorrhizal fungi on the same plant species and the prevalence of diverse root‐endophytic fungi may be important features of belowground linkage between plant and fungal communities.     

五指山常见热带树种的丛枝菌根真菌多样性

采用野外调查的方法,分析了五指山不同海拔高度7个科10种常见热带树种形成丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal,AM)的状况及其根际土壤中AM真菌的多样性。结果表明,所调查的10种热带常见树种都能形成AM共生体,其菌根侵染率随寄主植物的不同,从21.8%～90.5%变化不等,同时,在10种常见植物的根系中也都观察到了AM真菌的典型结构——丛枝和泡囊。从10种植物的根际土壤中共分离到36种AM真菌,隶属于Acaulospora,Glomus,Gigaspora和Scutellospora4个属,其中,Glomus属的真菌是该地区的优势类群,其出现频度和相对多度分别为84%和56%。在所调查的10种热带常见树种中,Swietenia macrophylla根际AM真菌的孢子最丰富,密度高达7.32;Machilus namu根际的AM真菌种类则最为丰富,多样性指数达到1.6548。通过对不同海拔高度Swietenia macrophylla根际AM真菌分布的分析表明,海拔高度显著影响着AM真菌的分布,Gigaspora属的真菌随海拔高度的增加显著升高,Scutellospora属的真菌则显著降低。     

Disturbance and Seasonal Dynamics of Mycorrhizae in a Tropical Deciduous Forest in Mexico1

Mycorrhizal fungi were sampled in a deciduous tropical forest on the Pacific coast of Mexico during different seasons and in natural treefall gaps and pastures. All 12 plant species sampled in the forest were arbuscular mycorrhizal. The percent root infection and spore production were closely related to the phenology of the plants. Most tree species and all herbaceous species had the highest infection in the summer rainy season, but two species, Opuntia excelsa and Jacquinia pungens, had highest infection in the dry season. Unusually high rainfall during the dry season was associated with increased infection but not increased spore production. Spore density was low for all species at all sample times, except at the beginning of the July 1993 rainy season in, when we observed up to 28 spores/g soil. The percent cover of shrubs or herbs did not increase in gaps after two years, and we observed no colonizing seedlings. No plant species with cover higher than 2.7 percent occurred exclusively in gaps or forest. The percent mycorrhizal infection did not differ significantly between gaps and forest. Spore counts were as high in the gaps as in the forest in two of the three gaps but lower in the third gap. The lack of significant response of plants in these gaps after two years differed from the rapid response in tropical rainforests. It is likely related to the small size of the gaps and to light infiltration to the forest floor. Pastures were dominated by two species of exotic grasses and one species of mycorrhizal fungus, whereas forests had 15 fungal species. The slow regrowth of vegetation in gaps was not limited by mycorrhizal fungi, since they were still abundant after the treefalls, but recovery in pastures could be affected by low fungal diversity and dominance of grasses.     

Growth and mycorrhizal community structure of Pinus sylvestris seedlings following the addition of forest litter

We report the effects of pine and oak litter on species composition and diversity of mycorrhizal fungi colonizing 2-year-old Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings grown in a bare-root nursery in Lithuania. A layer of pine or oak litter was placed on the surface of the nursery bed soil to mimic natural litter cover. Oak litter amendment appeared to be most favorable for seedling survival, with a 73% survival rate, in contrast to the untreated mineral bed soil (44%). The concentrations of total N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were higher in oak growth medium than in pine growth medium. Relative to the control (pH 6.1), the pH was lower in pine growth medium (5.8) and higher in oak growth medium (6.3). There were also twofold and threefold increases in the C content of growth medium with the addition of pine and oak litter, respectively. Among seven mycorrhizal morphotypes, eight different mycorrhizal taxa were identified: Suillus luteus, Suillus variegatus, Wilcoxina mikolae, a Tuber sp., a Tomentella sp., Cenococcum geophilum, Amphinema byssoides, and one unidentified ectomycorrhizal symbiont. Forest litter addition affected the relative abundance of mycorrhizal symbionts more than their overall representation. This was more pronounced for pine litter than for oak litter, with 40% and 25% increases in the abundance of suilloid mycorrhizae, respectively. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that changes in the supply of organic matter through litter manipulation may have far-reaching effects on the chemistry of soil, thus influencing the growth and survival of Scots pine seedlings and their mycorrhizal communities.     

The response of ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum to long-term increases in nitrogen supply

The inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi was examined in a 16 y long nitrogen fertilization experiment maintained in a temperate oak savanna. To measure EM fungal inoculum, bur oak seedlings were grown in three types of bioassays: (i) intact soil cores that measure inoculum such as spores, mycelia and mycorrhizal roots; (ii) resistant propagule bioassays that measure inoculum types resistant to soil drying; and (iii) previously mycorrhizal root bioassays that measure the ability of EM fungi to colonize new roots from mycorrhizal roots. Colonization of bur oak seedlings was characterized by morphotyping and where necessary by restriction analysis and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Fourteen morphotypes were found in intact soil core bioassays with species of Cortinarius, Cenococcum and Russula abundant. Five morphotypes were found in resistant propagule bioassays with Cenococcum, a thelephoroid morphotype and a Wilcoxina-like ascomycete abundant and frequent. In intact soil core bioassays total percent root colonization and number of morphotypes were not affected by N supply in 2000 and 2001. However the composition of EM fungi colonizing oak seedling roots was different with increased N supply such that Russula spp. (primarily Russula aff. amoenolens) were most abundant at the highest level of N supply. Dominant Russula spp. did not colonize any roots in resistant propagule bioassays but did colonize oak seedling roots from previously mycorrhizal roots. Results suggest that in this savanna N supply can influence the kinds of inoculum propagules present and thereby might affect the dynamics of ectomycorrhizal communities by differentially influencing reproductive and colonization strategies.     

Direct nocturnal water transfer from oaks to their mycorrhizal symbionts during severe soil drying

Symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi play an important role in the absorption of soil nutrients and water by most plants. It has been suggested that hydraulically lifted water might maintain the integrity of the external mycorrhizal mycelium during drought. We tested this hypothesis in the obligately mycorrhizal species, coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), using a microcosm system that separated the effects of hydraulic lift in roots from those in the external mycelium. Mycorrhizal oak seedlings were established in microcosms comprising three discrete compartments for (1) upper roots, (2) tap roots, and (3) external fungal mycelium. Eight months after planting, a drought treatment was initiated: irrigation to the upper root and fungal chambers was terminated and only irrigation to the taproot compartment was maintained. After 3, 12, 30, 50, 70 and 80 days of drought, tracers were injected into the taproot compartment at dusk. At dawn the following morning, mycorrhizal hyphae (EM and AM) and spores (AM) in upper root and fungal compartments were extensively labeled with the tracers. In contrast, no labeling was observed when tracers were injected into the taproot compartment during daytime. Nocturnal water translocation from plant to mycorrhizal fungi occurred in association with hydraulic lift. Saprotrophic/parasitic fungi in the microcosms were not labeled, suggesting a direct water transfer from plants to their mycorrhizal mutualists and not to other fungi in the soil. Even after prolonged drought (70-80 days), mycorrhizal hyphae persisted in soils with water potential values as low as -20 MPa. Maintaining mycorrhizal activity through direct water translocation could potentially improve the nutrient status of deep-rooted plants during periods when the fertile upper soil is dry.     

早期真菌与本土和外来松的菌根合成

为探讨早期真菌与本土和外来松树的共生特性,选用3种早期外生菌根真菌(环褐乳牛肝菌Suillus luteus、虎皮乳牛肝菌S. phylopictus和酒红蜡蘑Laccaria vinaceoavellanea)接种2种本地松(云南松Pinus yunnanensis、华山松P. armandii)和2种外来松(P. greggii、P. maximartinensis),并对接种后的侵染率、菌根特征和松苗株高等进行测量和分析,结果显示：6个月后,2种乳牛肝菌与4种松均能形成菌根,华山松与2种乳牛肝菌的亲和性最好,酒红蜡蘑仅能与2种外来松P. greggii和P. maximartinensis形成菌根,且菌根合成成功率仅为14.3%。此次合成的10种菌根组合均为首次报道,其中同一种真菌与不同松形成的菌根在形态和解剖特征上较为接近。3种真菌对宿主生长的促进作用因树种而异,整体上外来松苗的生长速率要快于本土松苗;华山松苗虽然菌根感染率最高,但生长效应却均不明显。研究认为：孢子接种对乳牛肝菌、蜡蘑等早期真菌的菌根合成研究是一种经济有效的手段;外生菌根真菌可能对外来树种具有更为重要的作用,与本土树种相比,外来树种与外生菌根真菌在能否形成菌根、菌根形成时间以及对宿主的生长效应等方面存在差异,需要开展进一步深入的相关研究。     

The mycorrhizal status and colonization of 26 tree species growing in urban and rural environments

Urban environments are highly disturbed and fragmented ecosystems that commonly have lower mycorrhizal fungal species richness and diversity compared to rural or natural ecosystems. In this study, we assessed whether the mycorrhizal status and colonization of trees are influenced by the overall environment (rural vs. urban) they are growing in. Soil cores were collected from the rhizosphere of trees growing in urban and rural environments around southern Ontario. Roots were extracted from the soil cores to determine whether the trees were colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, ectomycorrhizal fungi, or both, and to quantify the percent colonization of each type of mycorrhizal fungi. All 26 tree species were colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and seven tree species were dually colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Overall, arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungal colonization was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in trees growing in urban compared to rural environments. It is not clear what ‘urban’ factors are responsible for the reduction in mycorrhizal fungal colonization; more research is needed to determine whether inoculating urban trees with mycorrhizal fungi would increase colonization levels and growth of the trees.     

Community composition of root‐associated fungi in a Quercus‐dominated temperate forest: “codominance” of mycorrhizal and root‐endophytic fungi

In terrestrial ecosystems, plant roots are colonized by various clades of mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi. Focused on the root systems of an oak‐dominated temperate forest in Japan, we used 454 pyrosequencing to explore how phylogenetically diverse fungi constitute an ecological community of multiple ecotypes. In total, 345 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of fungi were found from 159 terminal‐root samples from 12 plant species occurring in the forest. Due to the dominance of an oak species (Quercus serrata), diverse ectomycorrhizal clades such as Russula, Lactarius, Cortinarius, Tomentella, Amanita, Boletus, and Cenococcum were observed. Unexpectedly, the root‐associated fungal community was dominated by root‐endophytic ascomycetes in Helotiales, Chaetothyriales, and Rhytismatales. Overall, 55.3% of root samples were colonized by both the commonly observed ascomycetes and ectomycorrhizal fungi; 75.0% of the root samples of the dominant Q. serrata were so cocolonized. Overall, this study revealed that root‐associated fungal communities of oak‐dominated temperate forests were dominated not only by ectomycorrhizal fungi but also by diverse root endophytes and that potential ecological interactions between the two ecotypes may be important to understand the complex assembly processes of belowground fungal communities.