应用光镜和电镜对病虾组织病理变化的观察与分析

应用光镜和电子显微镜技术比较研究正常与发病的中国对虾７种组织细胞病变化,结果显示,病毒侵染后,对虾组织病理变化主要集中在消化系统的肝胰腺、中肠、胃等组织。在光镜下,可见消化道内壁上皮组织广泛受损,细胞大量坏死或空泡化;电镜下可见主要的细胞器如线粒体嵴大量断裂、粗面内质网严重扩张、溶酶体增生、病变细胞内出现大量变性的膜性结构等。观察结果为弄清对虾病毒引起的病症及致病机理打下基础。     

1996年中国对虾暴发性流行病病毒病原研究

１９９６年６月至８月,青岛地区养殖的中国对虾大面积暴发流行病,死亡率达９０％以上。发病对虾典型表征为甲壳白斑。病虾鳃组织匀浆滤液经微孔滤膜过滤除菌后,注射给健康对虾进行人工感染试验,９天内累计死亡率达１００％,发病症状及体征与自然发病对虾相似。电镜下自然发病对虾鳃、胃、头胸甲下表皮、淋巴样器官、触角腺等组织细胞核内发现大量杆状病毒,未见包涵体;人工感染对虾相同组织中可见大量同样病毒。切片中病毒粒子     

白斑综合征病毒浙江分离株在动物模型克氏原螯虾组织中的分布

应用对虾白斑综合征病毒浙江分离株(WSSV-ZJ)人工口服感染实验动物模型克氏原螯虾,研究其在消化道组织和血淋巴细胞内分布及病理变化的特点。结果显示,在受感染濒死螯虾的胃、中肠和循环血淋巴中观察到大量病毒粒子,是病毒侵染的主要靶组织;此外,在肝胰腺组织的细胞中观察到少量病毒粒子。该病毒主要侵染结缔组织细胞、上皮细胞和循环血淋巴细胞等敏感细胞的细胞核。电镜和光镜观察及应用原位杂交检测表明,浙江株病毒粒子在螯虾体内的形态大小、分布特点和靶细胞组织的病理与其他地理株相似或相同。     

瘟病病毒感染对三角帆蚌主要消化器官的影响

通过人工感染实验,在感染三角帆蚌瘟病病料组织后第3、5、7、9、11 d,运用光学显微镜和电子显微镜分别观察了三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)主要消化器官的病理变化特征.结果表明,三角帆蚌瘟病病毒(H.cumingii Plague Virus,HcPV)严重破坏了三角帆蚌消化器官的结构.主要消化腺肝损伤最为严重:光镜下,攻毒7 d内腺管肿大,管腔缩小,7 d后腺管细胞空泡化并形成多核体;电镜下,线粒体、内质网等细胞器结构破坏,病毒粒子增殖速度快.消化道的病理变化主要表现为胃、肠结构的破坏,胃肠基本结构及感染病毒后的病理变化相似:光镜下,攻毒7 d内胃肠结构变化不大,7 d后柱状细胞肿大,纤毛脱落,并伴有上皮细胞的脱落;电镜下,细胞器结构破坏,甚至空泡化,病毒粒子前期增殖较慢,后期增殖较快,但总体增殖速度比肝慢.     

对虾杆状病毒感染螃蟹组织的电镜观察

应用电子显微技术对人工养殖对虾池内的感病螃蟹作了组织切片的电镜观察,发现肝脏、胃、肠组织细胞核内和肌纤维间质中有大量杆状病毒,电镜下的病毒粒子的形态、大小与在中国对虾体内观察到的无病毒包涵体杆状病毒一致。     

两种病毒侵染中国对虾后细胞超微病理学变化与免疫标记

应用电子显微技术研究人工感染的中国对虾病毒病原及其宿主细胞超微病理学变化。结果显示病虾体内存在球状与杆状两种病毒病原,有时在同一病虾组织的同一细胞中可见两种病毒同时侵染现象,该现象提示存在复合感染的可能。利用胶体金免疫标记技术对感染病虾细胞质中出现的球状病毒作定位标记,初步结果表明已分离提纯的球状病毒与感染病虾细胞质中观察到的病毒粒子性质基本相同。病毒侵染后,细胞内主要的细胞器如线粒体、内质网、核糖体均发生了显著变化;侵染后期,可见溶酶体及多种膜性结构大量增生、细胞核被一些微管样结构包裹等特殊变化的发生。     

对虾病毒病和细菌合并感染的病理特点和诊断价值

应用电镜超薄切片及光学石蜡切和环氧树脂薄片技术,观察健康对照组,疾病始发组和濒临死亡组的草虾,中国对虾、日本对虾和肝胰腺和中肠。结果在３组４种对虾中均检测到病毒,只在濒临死亡组的４种对虾中发现病毒与细菌的合并感染。合并染的病毒有ＭＢＶ,球形病毒和淋细胞核型杆状病毒。细菌以弧菌为主。其病理变化表现为器官和组织的保护层受损、溶解样坏死和凝固样坏死,仅以病毒和细菌合并感染徐为养殖对虾病毒病早期诊断的指标     

对虾病毒病病毒和细菌合并感染的病理特点和诊断价值

应用电镜超薄切片及光学石蜡切片和环氧树脂薄片技术,观察健康对照组、疾病始发组和濒临死亡组的草虾、中国对虾、日本对虾和长毛对虾的肝胰腺和中肠,结果在３组４种对虾中均检测到病毒,只在濒临死亡组的４种对虾中发现病毒与细菌的合并感染。合并感染的病毒有ＭＢＶ、球形病毒和淋巴样细胞核型杆状病毒。细菌以弧菌为主,其病理变化表现为器官和组织的保护层受损、溶解样坏死和凝固样坏死。仅以病毒和细菌合并感染作为养殖对虾病毒病早期诊断的指标是不够的,仅可作为辅助性诊断指标。但合并感染对评估对虾病毒病的预后以指导捕捞,却有一定意义。     

无包涵体杆状病毒在中国对虾主要器官组织中的分布

研究自然发病和人工感染的中国对虾胃等10种器官组织内杯状病毒的分布情况,结果在病虾的胃、皮下组织、鳃、循环血细胞,肠的上皮和结缔组织细胞中,观察到大量病毒粒子,是该杆状病毒侵染的主要器官组织;在类淋巴、,肝脏、肝胰腺的组织细胞中,观察到中等数量的病毒粒子;在症状典型的病重虾腹神经索,肌肉组织细胞中观察到少量病毒粒子。表明病毒在病虾机体内广泛分布,已形成周身性感染。该病毒主要侵染以上器官的疏松结缔组织细胞、上皮细胞和循环血细胞,其次是神经胶质细胞和心肌细胞。在中国对虾的神经胶质细胞、心肌细胞、循环血细胞以及各主要器官的疏松结缔组织细胞中,目前尚未见到报道存在有杆状病毒粒子。     

改良染色显示中国对虾病毒核酸DNA

对虾病毒病的诊断 ,只根据患病对虾群体的表现症状 ,是不能确诊的。目前最基本又广为采用的诊断技术是通过组织病理检查来找到病毒包涵体 ,或应用细胞病理技术在电子显微镜下观察到病毒颗粒。在组织切片检查中 ,对虾病毒核酸 DNA的 Schiff's反应已有报道。但对于稳定可能的快速显示对虾病毒 DNA成分的改良染色技术还未见报道。我们采用龚志锦等 (1994 )研究的改进染色液配制方法 ,首次进行中国对虾病毒核酸DNA显示实验 ,得到了较好的 DNA染色结果。1　材料与方法1.1　材料选用　取患病或室内感染的中国对虾 ,分别进行冰冻切片和 3种不…     

伊曲康唑对皮肤癣菌形态学影响研究

目的观察皮肤癣菌在伊曲康唑作用下的形态学变化。方法应用美国CLSI制订的标准M38-A方案进行伊曲康唑对皮肤癣菌的体外药敏试验,测定最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,将伊曲康唑作用前后的皮肤癣菌分别制成标本,在光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜下观察形态学变化。结果伊曲康唑作用于皮肤癣菌后,在光学显微镜下菌丝变得弯曲、短粗,顶端和局部出现膨大;扫描电子显微镜下菌丝变得弯曲、短粗、干瘪,顶端和局部出现膨大,有不规则分支,表面粗糙,有大小不等的凹陷;透射电子显微镜下菌丝变得皱缩,有凹陷,双层细胞壁结构消失或不完整,细胞膜不连续,皱缩细胞膜和细胞壁之间及胞浆内出现许多小的高电子密度颗粒,细胞器也变得不清晰。结论伊曲康唑使皮肤癣菌的形态发生明显变化。     

Preliminary results from a microscopic examination on the effects of aluminium on the root tips of wheat

Root tips from aluminium (Al) tolerant (Waalt) and Al sensitive (Warigal) wheat (Triticum aestivum (L). Thell.) cultivars exposed to low concentrations of Al (10 M) for 10, 24 and 72 hours were examined under the light and electron microscope. After fixing and embedding, longitudinal and transverse thin and ultrathin sections were cut. There was no evidence of Al damage to the root tips of the Al tolerant cultivar under both the light and electron microscope. For the Al sensitive cultivar, Al had no observable effect on the root tips 10 hours after Al addition when examined under the light microscope. When examined under an electron microscope, electron dense globular deposits were observed between the cell wall and cell membrane of the epidermal cells. There was not obvious damage to the cell cytoplasm. Two or 3 days after Al addition, light microscopy showed that the cells in the root tips had become swollen and extensively vacuolated. The tissues appeared disorganised and degenerate, particularly in the epidermis and outer cortical cells. The electron microscope also revealed a thickening of the cell wall. The cell wall was broken down, particularly in the epidermis in the region 4–6 mm from the root tip. The tissue in the meristematic area was largely intact.     

Structural and functional changes in the intestine of irradiated and hypothermic irradiated rats: A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study

Severe destructive changes in the intestine of rats following whole body exposure to gamma rays (832 rads) were observed by light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscope studies. Hypothermia (15‡C rectal temperature) induced prior to irradiation protected the intestinal mucosa from destruction. A simultaneous study showed that glucose absorption decreased significantly in irradiated rats, whereas it was increased in hypothermic irradiated animals.     

Pathology of gill and liver tissues from two genera of fishes exposed to two coal-derived materials

Bullhead catfish, Ictalurus nebulosus , and rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri , were subjected to two coal-derived substances to evaluate each material for potential carcinogenic activity. Substances tested included a solvent-refined coal heavy distillate and a sediment extract from an industrially polluted river in Ohio. Two subfractions, one containing the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the other containing the nitrogen heterocycles of each material were also tested. Following a 16-h exposure period, the gill and liver tissues were removed and examined by standard light and electron microscopy techniques. Hyperplasia of the gill tissue and some engorgement with blood of the secondary lamellae were observed with the light microscope. At the electron microscope level, hepatocyte mitochondria were swollen with a loss of cristae, and rough endoplasmic reticulum fragmented. Results suggest that most of the treatments studied induced pathological responses in fish. Of the two fish tested, the rainbow trout was the most sensitive indicator of environmental pollution.     

黄缘盒龟细菌性感染的观察

利用电子显微镜,对一只濒死黄缘盒龟的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃和肠道进行了检查,在心、肝、脾、肾均发现一种短杆状细菌感染,受染器官均出现明显的病理变化,如线粒体、高尔基体和内质网均肿大变形. 肺部虽未找到细菌,但发现有明显的病变存在,如细支气管的微绒毛脱落,并可见坏死区. 胃和肠道未发现细菌感染,未见明显的病理改变.     

Light and electron microscope localization of beta-glucuronidase activity in the stomach and digestive gland of the marine gastropod Littorina littorea

Summary An azo dye technique was used to investigate localization of the acid hydrolase,-glucuronidase, at light and electron microscope level in the stomach and digestive gland of the marine periwinkleLittorina littorea. Activity for-glucuronidase was located principally within digestive cells of the digestive gland and also associated with the microvillous border and epithelial cells lining the stomach. At the light microscope level all digestive tubules showed activity which appeared essentially restricted to the large heterolysosomes of the digestive cells. However not all digestive cells showed activity. In the electron microscope, reaction product was apparent in all types of macrovesicle in the digestive cells although not all stained positively. Heterophagosomes typically showed reaction product around their periphery or associated with the electron opaque contents. Activity was commonly seen around the apical edge of heterolysosomes where merging of heterophagosomes into heterolysosomes was apparent. Reaction product was commonly located within small electron lucent vesicles which lined the internal membrane of the heterolysosomes but sometimes also associated with flocculent, electron opaque contents. In the stomach dense clusters of reaction product were visible in lysosomes in the basal region of the epithelial cells and in the large granular inclusions of the secretory cells.     

激光共聚焦显微镜与光学显微镜之比较

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜在活细胞的动态检测、光学切片和三维结构重建等方面较光学显微镜有质的飞跃。本文对激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和光学显微镜进行了比较和讨论,并简单介绍多光子激光扫描显微镜。     

The cytological responses of tomato-seedling cotyledons to chilling and the influence of membrane modifications upon these responses

Summary Tomato seedlings were exposed to 3 days of chilling at 5 °C in both the presence and absence of 5 mM ethanolamine. An array of pathological responses could be seen at both the light and electron microscope levels: apparent loss of cell turgor, vacuolization, reduction in the apparent volume of both the cytoplasm and the vacuolar protein bodies, apparent deposition of new material in the cell walls, general disorganization of organelles, especially plastids, and a general loss of cytoplasmic structure. Chilling injury was less pronounced in ethanolamine-treated cotyledonary tissues which appeared to have normal turgor and cell shape at the light microscope level and better preserved organelles at the ultrastructural level. Protection by ethanolamine at the ultrastructural level was most pronounced for the cytoplasm, the mitochondria, and the cell walls. Dead cells were seen with both treatments but were 2–3 times as numerous in the chilled-only tissue.     

肠黏膜损伤和细菌易位对豚鼠胆色素结石形成的影响

目的探讨胆色素结石形成过程中细菌的可能来源。方法在饮食诱导的豚鼠胆色素结石模型中,用光镜和电镜观察肠黏膜上皮的病理变化;检测血清内毒素水平;PCR方法检测腹腔淋巴结细菌DNA。结果致石组豚鼠肠黏膜上皮有不同程度的损伤;血清内毒素水平和腹腔淋巴结细菌DNA阳性率明显高于对照组。结论肠黏膜上皮损伤及细菌易位是胆色素结石形成的因素之一。