单纯性生长激素缺乏症病人生长激素基因5‘端顺序研究

人生长激素基因大片段缺乏是单纯性生长激素缺乏症原因之一,但大多数单纯性生长激素缺乏症病因不明。为探查这些病人的发病机理,用ＰＣＲ技术扩增克隆了三例病人ｈＧＨ基因５＇端顺序,并检测了核苷酸序列,发现一例病人序列正常,但另二例病人均出现二种序列,一种是呈多态的正常顺序,另一种则有４个碱基的变异,发生在－１,＋３,＋１６,＋２５位核苷酸,揭示这些变异位点可能对转录翻译有影响,但这些变异顺序与生长激素缺乏     

家族性单纯生长激素缺乏症的分子生物学研究

家族性单纯生长激素缺乏症的分子生物学研究于丽莉,王亚新（上海第二医科大学生化教研室,上海２０００２５）关键词生长激素缺乏症,发病机理人的生长、发育和代谢与垂体分泌的一种１９１个氨基酸组成的激素──人生长激素（ｈＧＨ）有关,它的异常会导致人身体生长发育...     

牛生长激素基因克隆和核苷酸序列

我们从牛基因文库小分离出编码牛生长激素基因。发现该基因编码区的核苷酸序列和近乎全长的牛生长激素CDNA克隆的核苷酸序列是一致的。该基因序列长约1800碱基对,含有四个插入顺序。具有227核苷酸的第二个插入顺序不含有象在大鼠生长激素基因中发现的那个重复因子。通过比较牛、人和大鼠生长激素基因的5’和3’侧翼区与非转译区发现许多具有高度保守顺序的区域。值得注意的是在所有这三种动物的生长激素基因中都具有一个38核苷酸的同源顺序,其位于离它们的转录起始座位上方大约100碱基对的5’侧翼区中。     

生长激素和生长激素受体的分子生物学

1 .生长激素的结构生长激素 (ｇｒｏｗｔｈｈｏｒｍｏｎｅ ,ＧＨ)一般含有 1 91个氨基酸 ,约 2 2ｋＤ。猪与牛的ＧＨ氨基酸序列具有高度的同源性 (约 90 % ) [1] 。猪和牛的ＧＨ对人没有促进生长的作用 ,可能是猪和牛ＧＨ对人的生长激素受体(ｇｒｏｗｔｈｈｏｒｍｏｎｅｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ ,ＧＨＲ )的结合亲和性低于人ＧＨ对人ＧＨＲ的结合亲和性的缘故。ＧＨｍＲＮＡ翻译的初级产物是前生长激素 ,它比成熟ＧＨ在Ｎ端多出 2 6个氨基酸残基的疏水信号肽[2 ] 。通过Ｘ射线衍射技术等研究发现 ,ＧＨ由 4个螺旋组成 ,自Ｎ端至Ｃ端依次为螺旋 1～ …     

猪生长激素基因在杆状病毒载体系统中的表达

通过对猪生长激素（ｐＧＨ）基因的ｃＤＮＡ进行测序,得到ｐＧＨｃＤＮＡ的全序列,并与Ｓｅｅｂｕｒｇ等报道的序列进行了比较和讨论。然后利用具人工合成启动子和多角体蛋白ＸＩＶ启动子的转移载体质粒ｐＳＸＩＶＶＩ＾＋Ｘ３／４构建出含ｐＧＨ基因的重组质粒ｐＸ３／４－ｐＧＨ。将ｐＸ３／４－ｐＧＨ与致死缺失型线性化ＡｃＭＮＰＶ－ＯＣＣ＾－ＤＮＡ共转染Ｓｆ９细胞,构建出既能形成多角体又能表达ｐＧＨ基因的苜蓿丫纹夜蛾     

大麻哈鱼生长激素基因Ⅱ的分子克隆和序列分析

以λ噬菌体ＥＭＢＬ－３为基因载体,构建大麻哈鱼（Ｏｎｃｏｒｈｙｎｃｈｕｓ　ｋｅｔａ）基因组文库,并从中分离出含全长的生长激素（ｃｓＧＨ）基因的克隆。本研究首次报道了对ｃｓＧＨ全长核苷酸序列分析的结果。发现ｃｓＧＨ基因由６个外显子和５个内含子组成,长度为３３６１碱基对（ｂｐ）。由该序列可推导出含２１０个氨基酸的多肽,其中存在２２个疏水氨基酸残基的信号肽。本研究所分析的ｃｓＧＨ的外显子和内含子,其排列方式与其他鲑类（Ｓａｌｍｏｎｉｄｓ）和罗非鱼（Ｔｉｌａｐｉａ）是相似的,而与鲤科鱼类（Ｃａｒｐｓ）不同,后者外显子和内含子的排列方式与哺乳类和鸟类相似。将所测定的 ｃｓＧＨ基因的编码区与已发表的 ｃｓＧＨⅡ和ｃｓＧＨ Ⅱ两种 ｃＤＮＡ序列进行比较,证明本研究所克隆的 ｃｓＧＨ基因应属于 ｃｓＧＨ Ⅱ,因它们的编码序列 １００％同源。     

牛生长激素基因的人工合成,重组克隆及高效表达

本文通过设计选择大肠杆菌高频利用密码子代替天然密码子,人工全合成３２个寡聚核苷酸片段;连接并克隆获得Ａ（２７８ｂｐ）、Ｂ（８８ｂｐ）、Ｃ（２２４ｂｐ）３个较大ＤＮＡ片段;经重组克隆、定位突变等获得阳性克隆;双向ＤＮＡ序列测定分析表明获得了两种人工全合成牛生长激素（ｂＧＨ）编码基因,即编码Ｎ－Ｍｅｔ－Ａｌａ－ｂＧＨ和Ｎ－Ｍｅｔ－Ｐｈｅ－ｂＧＨ的两个基因,而至今尚未见有人工全合成ｂＧＨ基因的报道。构建了在ＰＬｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｒ控制下含上述合成基因的表达质位ｐＢＬｂＧＨＥ７Ａ１和ｐＢＬｂＧＨＥ８,并在大肠杆菌中进行了温敏诱导表达。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,表达产物占全菌蛋白的３７％以上。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ分析和纯化产物的Ｎ端氨基酸序列测定结果都表明上述两种人工全合成ｂＧＨ基因在大肠杆菌中得到了高效表达,表达量为现今国际文献报道的高限水平。     

猪生长激素基因表达质粒的构建及其转基因动物研究

将猪生长激素基因（ＰＧＨ）克隆到质粒ｐＵＣ１９上,经酶切分析,确定其酶切图谱。把ＰＧＨ转录起始位点以前的序列切掉,换上羊ＭＴ－１ａ基因的启动子,构建成可以调控的表达载体ｐＳＭＴＰＧＨ,用于转基因动物的研究。采用微注射法将线状ｐＳＭＴＰＧＨ导入猪、鼠和金鱼的受精卵中,得到了相应的转基因动物。对这些动物鉴定分析表明,外源基因整合率因动物不同而异,但该基因在这３种动物中的整合率均在９％以上,其生长速度都     

猪生长激素基因表达质粒的构建及其转基因动物研究

将猪生长激素基因（ＰＧＨ）克隆到质粒ｐＵＣ１９上,经酶切分析,确定其酶切图谱．把ＰＧＨ转录起始位点以前的序列切掉,换上羊ＭＴ－１ａ基因的启动子,构建成可以调控的表达载体ｐＳＭＴＰＧＨ,用于转基因动物的研究．采用微注射法将线状ｐＳＭＴＰＧＨ导入猪、鼠和金鱼的受精卵中,得到了相应的转基因动物．对这些动物鉴定分析表明,外源基因整合率因动物不同而异,但该基因在这３种动物中的整合率均在９％以上,其生长速度都高于对照组．     

人生长激素基因逆转录病毒载体的构建及其对3T3和ES细胞的转化与表达

为了研究生长激素基因在异源细胞中的表达,构建了携带人生长激素基因（ｈＧＨ）的逆转录病毒载体ｐＩＮＳ－ＧＨ,并将其导入小鼠成纤维细胞３Ｔ３和小鼠胚胎干细胞（ＥＳ细胞）ＣＣＥ中。ｐＩＮＳ－ＧＨ转化３Ｔ３细胞,获得了高效表达的克隆,即用放射免疫法检测到克隆培养基中有大量的人生长激素蛋白富积,如ＧＨＳＮＣ２０,富积率高达３７８４ｎｇ／ｍｌ,而且外源基因的整合很稳定。不同的３Ｔ３转化克隆的表达率有显著的差异,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交的结果表明,这种差异与外源基因整合的拷贝数无关。ｐＩＮＳ－ＧＨ转化ＣＣＥ细胞没有获得明显表达的克隆,而且外源基因的整合也不稳定。转化的ＥＳ细胞克隆总ＤＮＡ的Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明,ｈＧＨ基因的确整合到细胞基因组中。目前尚未发现明显的外源ＤＮＡ重排的迹象。     

Extended Haplotypes in the Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene (GHRHR) Are Associated with Normal Variation in Height

Mutations in the gene for growth hormone releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) cause isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) but this gene has not been found to affect normal variation in height. We performed a whole genome linkage analysis for height in a population from northern Sweden and identified a region on chromosome 7 with a lod-score of 4.7. The GHRHR gene is located in this region and typing of tagSNPs identified a haplotype that is associated with height (p = 0.00077) in the original study population. Analysis of a sample from an independent population from the most northern part of Sweden also showed an association with height (p = 0.0039) but with another haplotype in the GHRHR gene. Both haplotypes span the 3′ part of the GHRHR gene, including the region in which most of the mutations in IGHD have been located. The effect size of these haplotypes are larger than that of any gene previously associated with height, which indicates that GHRHR might be one of the most important genes so far identified affecting normal variation in human height.     

Trends In Growth Hormone Stimulation Testing And Growth Hormone Dosing In Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency Patients: Results From The Answer Program

Objective: Adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) results in physiologic impairments that may reduce quality of life and negatively impact body composition. AGHD can be treated with recombinant human growth hormone (GH). This study analyzes AGHD patients enrolled in the American Norditropin® Studies: Web-Enabled-Research (ANSWER) Program/NovoNet, a U.S. observational noninterventional study of patients treated with Norditropin® (somatropin [recombinant DNA origin] injection) at the discretion of their physicians.Methods: Data were evaluated for GH stimulation test (GHST) usage and Norditropin® doses over 4 years.Results: Adults (N = 468) with isolated GHD (IGHD) or multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD) were evaluated. The most commonly used GHSTs were arginine + L-dopa (27%; mostly a single center) and glucagon (25%; most frequent test after 2009). The percent of patients meeting recommended test-specific cut points varied from 32 to 100%, depending on the GHST used. Mean baseline GH doses were higher for MPHD patients and for younger patients in both IGHD and MPHD groups.Conclusion: MPHD was more common than IGHD. Mean GH doses were higher in younger patients, consistent with a transition from higher pediatric to lower adult dosing. Over time, glucagon became the most popular GHST. The use, in some patients, of other GHSTs with cut points, as well as starting doses not consistent with current recommendations, highlights the need for continued education regarding treatment guidelines for AGHD.Abbreviations:AACE = American Association of Clinical EndocrinologistsAGHD = adult growth hormone deficiencyANSWER = American Norditropin® Studies: Web-Enabled-ResearchBMI = body mass indexGH = growth hormoneGHD = growth hormone deficiencyGHRH = growth hormone-releasing hormoneGHST = growth hormone stimulation testIGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1IGHD = isolated growth hormone deficiencyITT = insulin tolerance testKIMS = Pfizer International Metabolic DatabaseMPHD = multiple pituitary hormone deficiencyTES = The Endocrine Society     

Surface Display of Human Growth Hormone on Bacillus subtilis Spores for Oral Administration

Human growth hormone (hGH) is the major and important hormone component of human being. At present, hGH for clinical uses is mostly produced in Escherichia coli, which requires costly denaturation and refolding to recover functionality. To obtain long-term bioactive hormone, we used hGH as a foreign gene and constructed a recombinant plasmid pJS700-hGH which carries a recombinant gene cotC-hgh with an enterokinase site under the control of cotC promoter. Plasmid pJS700-hGH was transformed into Bacillus subtilis by double crossover and an amylase-inactivated mutant was produced. After spore formation, Western blot and fluorescence immunoassay were used to monitor hGH surface expression on spores. Oral administration to silkworm with spores displaying hGH further showed that the recombinant spores may have potential ability to be digested and absorbed into the silkworm’s hemolymph due to both the resistant characters of spores and the addition of enterokinase site.     

用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒系统表达人生长激素

利用Bac to Bac杆状病毒载体表达系统将人生长激素 (humangrowthhormone ,hGH)基因cDNA克隆至转移载体pFastBac1中 ,得到pFastBac hGH ,再将其转化进入含穿梭载体Bacmid的受体菌DH10Bac中 ,发生转座作用 ,得到含hGH基因的重组穿梭载体rBacmid hGH .纯化DNA ,直接转染培养的昆虫细胞Sf9,得到重组病毒rAcV Bac hGH .经酶切PCR及Southern杂交鉴定 ,hGH基因正确地插入病毒基因组的多角体蛋白基因启动子下 ,SDS PAGE测得产物蛋白分子量为 2 2kD左右 .用免疫化学发光法测得转染上清中hGH表达水平可达 18μg ml ,与用传统的BEVS表达hGH相比 ,转染上清中hGH表达水平提高 4 0 0倍以上     

Human growth hormone DNA sequence and mRNA structure: possible alternative splicing.

We have determined the complete sequence of the human growth hormone (hGH) gene and the position of the mature 5' end of the hGH mRNA within the sequence. Comparison of this sequence with that of a cloned hGH cDNA shows that the gene is interrupted by four intervening sequences. S1 mapping shows that one of these intervening sequences has two different 3' splice sites. These alternate splicing pathways generate hGH peptides of different sizes which are found in normal pituitaries. Comparison of sequences near the 5' end of the hGH mRNA with a similar region of the alpha subunit of the human glycoprotein hormones reveals an unexpected region of homology between these otherwise unrelated peptide hormones.     

Heat-Induced Production of Human Growth Hormone by High Cell Density Cultivation of Recombinant Escherichia Coli

The temperature-induced, over-expression of the human growth hormone gene in a recombinant E. coli during high cell density cultivation is reported. Human growth hormone (hGH) production and stability were tested under different heat shock conditions. Cell densities were 25 and 60 g l(-1) in a pH-stat fed-batch mode in defined and complex medium, respectively, and the fermentation time was decreased from 41 to 32 h. hGH was produced at 2 g l(-1) in complex medium. By using glycerol as main carbon source in the complex medium with exponential feeding, cell density and hGH production were increased to 100 g l(-1) and 2.7 g l(-1), respectively.     

Isolation of Four Isomers of the 20,000 Dalton Variant of Human Pituitary Growth Hormone

A simple procedure has been developed which for the first time describes the isolation of isomers of the 20, 000 dalton variant of human growth hormone (20K hGH). From a human pituitary hormone concentrate different hGH dimers (covalently and noncova-lently linked) were enriched by chromatography on SP-Sephadex C-50, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and Sephadex G-100. Noncovalently-1inked dimers were split by 6 M urea into 20K hGH and 22K hGH monomers. A complete group-separation of 20K hGH and 22K hGH monomers was achieved by chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B at neutral pH. The 20K hGH monomer was resolved into four isomers either by preparative isoelectric focusing or by zone electrophoresis in agarose suspension at alkaline pH. The three latter techniques were all used in the presence of 6 M urea. Radioimmunoassay and radioreceptorassay indicated that the isomers obtained were true components of human growth hormone.     

人生长激素慢病毒载体的构建及其在鼠骨骼肌成肌细胞中的表达

构建能表达人生长激素(hGH)的pLentivirus6/V5-hGH载体,并实现hGH基因在骨骼肌成肌细胞中大量、长期和稳定的表达。体外培养SD鼠骨骼肌成肌细胞,并通过免疫组织化学方法鉴定所得细胞、用台酚兰染色确定培养细胞的活性并绘制生长曲线。将目的基因hGH亚克隆到真核细胞表达载体pLenti6/V5-D-TOPO载体上,构建重组质粒pLentivirus6/V5-hGH。将pLenti6/V5-hGH及阳性对照质粒pLenti6/V5-EGFP分别用Lipofectamin2000介导转染体外培养的SD乳鼠骨骼肌成肌细胞。在激光共聚焦扫描显微镜下计数,确定阳性对照质粒的转染数,从而估计该基因的转染效率。加入筛选试剂以获得稳定表达异源生长激素(GH)的成肌细胞。收集转染及筛选后的细胞培养基,用放射免疫分析法(RIA)检测重组人生长激素(rhGH)的表达水平。聚合酶链式反应法(PCR)及DNA测序显示hGH基因成功地插入到pLenti6/V5-D-TOPO载体中;阳性对照质粒转染细胞24h后,在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察,其转染效率达40%以上。检测收集的上清,与对照组相比,有极显著差异(P<0.01),观察至第8周,rhGH仍持续稳定表达。通过检测培养的chang-liver肝细胞上清中胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)的水平,验证了rhGH的生物学活性。实验通过培养高纯度的成肌细胞,构建了能在真核细胞内表达hGH的重组质粒pLenti6/V5-hGH,实现了hGH基因在骨骼肌成肌细胞中大量、长期和稳定的表达,并且获得的rhGH具有较强的促进肝细胞分泌IGF-1的能力。     

Differential effects of hGH and IGF-I on body proportions

The differential growth effects of hGH and IGF-I on the upper/lower (U/L) body segment in relation to height (Ht) were analyzed in 15 patients with isolated Growth hormone deficiency (IGHD,:7M, 8F) mean age 5.0 +/- 3.2 (SD) years treated with hGH; 21 patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency including growth hormone (MPHD: 14M, 7F) aged 10.0 +/- 3.8, treated with hGH; 9 patients with Laron Syndrome (LS) (4M,5F) aged 6.9 +/- 5.6 years treated with IGF-I; 9 boys with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) aged 6.3 +/- 1.25 years treated by hGH; and 22 boys with idiopathic short stature (ISS) aged 8.0 +/- 1.55 years treated by hGH. The dose of hGH was 33 microg/kg/day, that of IGF-I 180-200 microg/kg/day. RESULTS: the U/L body segment ratio in IGHD patients decreased from 2.3 +/- 0.7 to 1.1 +/- 0.7 (p <0.001), and the Ht SDS increased from -4.9 +/- 1.3 to 2.3 +/- 1 (p < 0.001) following treatment. In MPHD patients the U/L body segment decreased from 1.1 +/- 1.1 to -0.6 +/- 1.0 (p < 0.001), and the Ht SDS increased from -3.3 +/- 1.4 to -2.5 +/- 1.0 (p < 0.009). In the LS group the U/L body segment ratio did not change with IGF-I treatment but Ht improved from -6.1 +/- 1.3 to -4.6 +/- 1.2 (p < 0.001), The differential growth response of the children with IUGR and with ISS resembled that of the children with LS. CONCLUSIONS: hGH and IGF-I act differentially on the spine and limbs.