氮磷供给对两种马先蒿根系形态建成的影响

采用溶液培养法在无寄主伴生的条件下对三色马先蒿（Pedicularis tricolor）和大王马先蒿（P. rex）进行培养,分别分析了不同氮磷供给水平（标准Long Ashton营养液、缺氮、缺磷、2倍氮、2倍磷）及不同氮素形态（硝态氮和铵态氮）对两种马先蒿根系形态建成的影响。结果表明：1）氮磷供给水平对两种马先蒿的主根长、侧根长、侧根数量以及吸器发生的影响存在种间差异,缺氮和缺磷均能促进三色马先蒿主根和侧根的伸长生长及吸器的产生,而相同条件下大王马先蒿根系生长受到抑制,且没有吸器产生;2）氮素形态对两种马先蒿根系形态建成及生长发育存在影响：1倍硝态氮的处理中,三色马先蒿的根系生长最好,生物量积累最多,相同条件下大王马先蒿根系生长和生物量积累与标准营养液处理无差异,而仅供应铵态氮对二者的生长不利。此外,发现三色马先蒿的吸器产生不需要机械刺激。初步推测,两种马先蒿的吸器产生机制或进程存在差异,氮和磷可能参与了吸器发生过程的调控。     

马先蒿属一新种

本文发表了马先蒿属一新种,即稻城马先蒿Pedicularis daochengensis H. P. Yang。     

太白参的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

太白参为列当科马先蒿属大卫氏马先蒿、美观马先蒿及邓氏马先蒿等植物的根,在民间常作为名贵滋补药使用,主治脾肾两虚、骨蒸潮热、关节疼痛、不思饮食等症.研究表明,太白参含有环烯醚萜苷、苯丙素苷、酚酸、脂肪酸和有机酸等化学成分,具有抗氧化、抗疲劳、抗老年性痴呆、延缓衰老、保肝等药理作用.对太白参药材的基原考证、化学成分、药理作...     

马先蒿属一中国新记录种——陈塘马先蒿

于西藏喜马拉雅南坡的陈塘沟开展植物多样性调查过程中,发现一种在《中国植物志》中未记录的马先蒿属（Pedicularis）植物。通过文献查阅和详细的形态学比较,确定其为中国新记录种Pedicularis tamurensis T. Yamaz.,为其新拟中文名称：陈塘马先蒿。该种以前仅发现于尼泊尔,现也发现于中国西藏自治区日喀则市定结县陈塘镇。此新记录种生长于海拔约2?900 m的冷杉（Abies fabri (Mast.) Craib）林下,与光唇马先蒿（Pedicularis fletcheri P. C. Tsoong）相似,主要识别特征为：叶对生,两面均密生短毛,羽状全裂至深裂;花序总状,花白色,盔瓣呈镰刀状弯弓,中间渐狭成喙,顶端2裂,下唇完全包围盔瓣。本文对陈塘马先蒿进行了详细的形态描述,介绍了其分布信息,并提供彩色图片便于鉴别。该新记录种的发现更新了国产马先蒿属植物的资料,丰富了中国植物多样性的内容。     

青藏高原七种马先蒿属植物根的比较解剖研究

作者对青藏高原7种马先蒿属植物根进行了解剖和比较研究,发现：（1）根内部皮层多挤压变形,其内的空腔边缘多呈撕裂状,通气组织普遍发达;（2）根的维管柱机械组织发达;（3）作者首次发现,在马先蒿属2种植物根的维管柱内射线部位,也有边缘呈撕裂状的较大的空腔通气组织。根据解剖特征,对7种马先蒿植物的分类进化关系也进行了初步的探讨。     

国产合瓣花植物名称的后选模式指定——Ⅲ.玄参科、紫葳科和苦苣苔科（英文）

在整理保存于中国科学院植物研究所中国国家植物标本馆(PE)的国产合瓣花植物模式标本时,根据《国际藻类、菌类、植物命名法规》(墨尔本法规)规则9.5,发现在玄参科中的阿拉善马先蒿、中国马先蒿、反曲马先蒿、红毛马先蒿、粗野马先蒿、扭旋马先蒿和四川婆婆纳、在紫葳科中的密生波罗花、角蒿、烟色叶角蒿和黄花角蒿、在苦苣苔科中的东川粗筒苣苔、滇川唇柱苣苔和羽裂全盏苣苔名称的模式为合模式。遵照规则8.1、9.11和9.12,以及辅则9A.3的精神,对这14个名称做出后选模式指定。     

国产合瓣花植物名称的后选模式指定——Ⅲ. 玄参科、紫葳科和苦苣苔科

在整理保存于中国科学院植物研究所中国国家植物标本馆(PE)的国产合瓣花植物模式标本时,根据《国际藻类、菌类、植物命名法规》(墨尔本法规)规则9.5,发现在玄参科中的阿拉善马先蒿、中国马先蒿、反曲马先蒿、红毛马先蒿、粗野马先蒿、扭旋马先蒿和四川婆婆纳、在紫葳科中的密生波罗花、角蒿、烟色叶角蒿和黄花角蒿、在苦苣苔科中的东川粗筒苣苔、滇川唇柱苣苔和羽裂全盏苣苔名称的模式为合模式。遵照规则8.1、9.11和9.12,以及辅则9A.3的精神,对这14个名称做出后选模式指定。     

滇西北马先蒿属传粉生物学的初步研究

对云南西北部的中甸和德钦高山地区４种马先蒿属（ＰｅｄｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓＬ．）植物的传粉生物学进行了观察。晚夏开花的马先蒿与传粉熊蜂（ＢｏｍｂｕｓＬａｔｒ．）的出现在物候上有一定的相关性。其中短管、无喙、无蜜腺的肉根马先蒿（Ｐ．ｒｏｙｌｅｉＭａｘｉｍ．）和茨口马先蒿（Ｐ．ｔｓｅｋｏｕｅｎｓｉｓＢｏｎａｔｉ）是由熊蜂工蜂震动花粉、背触式传粉,这与其花冠类型的较原始性有关;长管、具喙、无蜜腺的斑唇马先蒿（Ｐ．ｌｏｎｇｉｆｌｏｒａｖａｒ．ｔｕｂｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ（Ｋｌｏｔｚ．）Ｔｓｏｏｎｇ）和云南长管马先蒿（Ｐ．ｓｉｐｈｏｎａｎｔｈａＤｏｎ．ｖａｒ．ｄｅｌａｖａｙｉ（Ｆｒａｎｃｈ．）Ｔｓｏｏｎｇ）通过熊蜂工蜂震动花粉、腹触式传粉。长管类马先蒿在植株相对矮小的情况下,通过较长的花冠管具喙向外伸出以实现授粉,这可能是与其传粉熊蜂协同进化的结果。     

马先蒿属花冠形态的多样性与传粉式样的关系

马先蒿属(Pediculais)是有花植物中花冠形态多样化最为集中的属。该属主要的传粉者是熊蜂属(Bormbus)昆虫;在北美,熊蜂和蜂鸟是马先蒿植物一些种类有效的传粉者;也发现壁蜂(Osmia)为其传粉。不同的传粉机制要求某一特定的取食式样储藏和释放花粉。本文讨论了花冠类型的进化趋势与传粉式样和花粉形态的关系。传粉者的选择压力是决定花冠多样化的重要因素之一;花冠类型与传粉者和传粉行为紧密相关。马先蒿植物和传粉者的相互依赖与其花冠类型、功能和物候互相适应,但花冠类型与花粉形态两者之间似乎没有明显的一一对应关系。通过北美、日本和喜马拉雅不同地理分布马先蒿种类的比较研究表明,具有相同花冠类型的种类有着相同的传粉方式,花冠形态与传粉式样存在紧密的协同进化关系。     

湖南省种子植物分布新资料

报道湖南省种子植物新纪录5种(变种),为张氏野海棠Bredia changii、假苞囊瓣芹Pternopetalum tanakaevar.fulcratum、光果悬钩子Rubus glabricarpus、腺毛香简草Keiskea glandulos和江西马先蒿Pediculariskiangsiensis。凭证标本存放于中山大学植物标本馆(SYS)。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.