MMP-1、MMP-3 和MMP-13在慢性睡眠剥夺所致颞下颌关节损伤中的变化

目的：观察MMP-1、MMP-3 和MMP-13 在慢性睡眠剥夺所致颞下颌关节损伤中表达的变化,探讨慢性睡眠剥夺所致颞下颌 关节损伤的可能机制。方法：采用改良多平台(MMPM)建立大鼠慢性睡眠剥夺模型,将90 只成年雄性Wastar 大鼠随机分为小平 台组、网格组和对照组。小平台组和网格组大鼠接受每天18 h的睡眠剥夺和6 h间歇期(10:00-16:00),间歇期大鼠正常笼养。实验 第7、14 和21 d时分别观察动物的行为学观察、检测动物血浆皮质醇(CORT)和促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平检测,通过免疫印 迹法和实时定量聚合酶链反应(PRC)检测颞下颌关节软骨中MMP-1、MMP-3 和MMP-13 的蛋白和mRNA表达,并通过HE 染色 法观察颞下颌关节结构的变化。结果：与对照组和网格组大鼠相比,小平台组大鼠第14 d和21 d 时髁突软骨中间部位表面纤维 在出现明显的炎症、松解及脱落现象;第21天时的血浆ACTH 和CORT 水平均显著高于网格组和对照组,差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05);第7、14、21 d时关节软骨MMP-1 和MMP-13 蛋白和mRNA 的表达水平均显著上调(P<0.05)。结论：慢性睡眠剥夺所致 的颞下颌关节损伤可能与关节软骨中MMP-1、MMP-3 和MMP-13 的表达上调有关。     

不同咬合板接触点对颞下颌关节紊乱病咀嚼肌肌电的影响

目的:探讨不同咬合板接触点对颞下颌关节紊乱病(Tempromandibular disorders, TMD)咀嚼肌肌电的影响分析。方法:选取陕西中医药大学附属医院自2016年3月～2019年3月间收治的颞下颌关节紊乱病患者40例,按照佩戴咬合板接触点不同分为两组,A组(18例)咬合板与下前牙呈点状均匀接触;B组(22例)咬合板与对颌牙功能尖呈点状接触,对比佩戴前、后1个月时两组患者双侧颞肌前束(Temporal anterior, TA)和咬肌(Masseter muscle, MM)肌电电位变化。结果:静息状态戴咬合板前两组TA、MM两项指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05),戴板1个月后两组TA、MM指标均明显下降,组间对比B组患者TA显著高于A组,MM显著低于A组(P0.05);咬紧状态下戴板一个月后两组患者TA、MM值均明显升高(P0.05),组间对比A组TA、MM值略高于B组,但对比无统计学意义(P0.05);戴板后两组视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale, VAS)均明显下降,A组评分显著低于B组(P0.05)。结论:下前牙和舌侧平板呈点状均匀接触的咬合板治疗TMD可更好改善咬肌功能,缓解疼痛症状。     

复方灵芝口服液对睡眠剥夺大鼠睡眠的影响

摘要：目的：探讨复方灵芝口服液对睡眠剥夺大鼠睡眠的影响。方法：利用腹腔注射氯苯丙氨酸（PCPA）制造睡眠剥夺模型,参照《保健食品检验与评价技术规范实施手册》（2003版）中的标准检测复方灵芝口服液是否具有改善睡眠的作用。结果：复方灵芝口服液可延长戊巴比妥钠诱导的睡眠时间（P＜0.05）,但对增加睡眠剥夺大鼠的入睡动物数和缩短巴比妥钠诱导的潜伏期无明显作用（P＞0.05）,且无直接睡眠作用。结论：复方灵芝口服液可明显延长戊巴比妥钠诱导的睡眠时间。     

慢性睡眠剥夺对颞下颌关节微结构的影响

目的:研究慢性睡眠障碍对大鼠颞下颌关节微结构的影响。方法:采用改良多平台法(MMPM)建立睡眠剥夺模型,将90只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组(n=30),分别为小平台组、网格组和对照组。小平台组和网格组大鼠接受每天18 h的睡眠剥夺和6 h间歇期(10:00—16:00),间歇期大鼠正常笼养。实验第7、14和21天时分别行动物行为学观察、旷场试验和动物血浆检测,并通过HE染色和扫描电镜观察颞下颌关节微结构的变化。结果:与对照组和网格组相比,小平台组大鼠血清促肾上腺激素(ACTH)和皮质醇(CORT)水平均增高(P<0.05),髁突软骨HE染色显示软骨细胞层次及厚度改变;扫描电镜结果显示关节盘表面纤维排列松散。结论:慢性睡眠障碍可能导致颞下颌关节微结构发生病理性改变。     

睡眠剥夺对大鼠咬肌超微结构的影响

目的:应用电镜观察睡眠剥夺对大鼠咬肌超微结构的影响.方法:35只Wistar大鼠,随机分为5组:睡眠剥夺1d组、5d组、9d组、正常对照组和大平台对照组.采用改良多平台睡眠剥夺法(modified multiple plat-form method,MMPM)建立大鼠SD模型,观察咬肌超微结构的变化.结果:睡眠剥夺5d组大鼠咬肌线粒体出现水肿,基质密度降低,线粒体嵴减少,肌纤维微血管内出现充血性改变;睡眠剥夺9d组大鼠咬肌线粒体出现严重空泡性变,肌纤维微血管出现更为严重的充血性改变.结论:睡眠剥夺可导致咬肌肌纤维微血管充血性改变和线粒体损伤,这种变化随时间的延长而加重.     

不同时间睡眠剥夺对大鼠运动能力及谷氨酰胺的影响

目的：探索睡眠剥夺对大鼠运动能力及谷氨酰胺含量变化的影响,为睡眠剥夺后的运动训练等提供一定的实验依据。方法：将30只雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分安静对照组、0h睡眠剥夺力竭运动组（SDE）、24h SDE、48h SDE和72h SDE组（n=6）,采用轻柔刺激法建立睡眠剥夺模型和依据Bedford建立的大鼠运动模型。结果：24h SDE睡眠剥夺组与0h SDE组比较。大鼠后蹬跑时间明显长（P〈0．05）,48h SDE睡眠剥夺组和72h SDE睡眠剥夺与0h SDE睡眠剥夺组比较,后蹬跑时间显著性减少（P〈0．01）;24h SDE睡眠剥夺组与c组比较大鼠胸腺谷氨酰胺含量显著升高（P〈0．05）,48h SDE睡眠剥夺组和72h SDE睡眠剥夺组与C组比较大鼠胸腺谷氨酰胺含量降低（P〈0．01）;睡眠剥夺组与C组比较,血清谷氨酰胺含量的变化均具有高度显著性差异（P〈0．01）,睡眠剥夺24h后血清谷氨酰胺含量显著增多,却在睡眠剥夺48h、72h后血清谷氨酰胺含量明显下降。结论：①睡眠剥夺24h能提高大鼠运动能力,睡眠剥夺48h甚至是72h后大鼠运动能力开始降低。②睡眠剥夺24h后大鼠胸腺谷氨酰胺含量和血清谷氨酰胺含量升高,而睡眠剥夺48h后大鼠胸腺和血清的谷氨酰胺含量下降明显,睡眠剥夺72h后胸腺和血清谷氨酰胺含量显著性降低。     

长期异相睡眠剥夺对大鼠能量代谢及血清甲状腺素水平的影响

目的：探讨长期异相睡眠剥夺对大鼠能量代谢及血清甲状腺素水平的影响。方法：采用小平台水环境法建立长期异相睡眠剥夺大鼠模型;检测其能量代谢变化;放射免疫法检测血清中甲状腺素水平。结果：睡眠剥夺后大鼠摄食量由（75.06±25.37）g/（d.kg）增加到（122.30±20.43）g/（d.kg）,体重由（360.89±43.01）g减轻到（295.97±37.95）g,体温由（37.62±1.12）℃先升高到（39.00±0.87）℃后又降低至（37.72±0.84）℃,基础代谢率由（1.69±0.36）mlO2/（g.h）增加到（2.40±0.09）mlO2/（g.h）与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）;血清中游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）水平由（3.38±0.88）pmol/L降低到（2.38±0.83）pmol/L,游离甲状腺素（FT4）由（14.62±3.62）pmol/L降低到（8.26±2.80）pmol/L与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）。结论：长期异相睡眠剥夺可以显著影响大鼠的能量代谢和血清甲状腺素水平。     

咬合运动与注射醋酸泼尼松龙治疗滑膜炎的疗效比较

目的:比较咬合运动和关节下腔注射醋酸泼尼松龙治疗颞下颌关节滑膜炎的临床效果。方法:选择牙列完整、无第三磨牙阻生、符合颞下颌关节滑膜炎诊断标准的120例患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组60例。实验组行咬合运动,每次3-4个循环,每日3-4次,治疗周期为12个月;对照组给予醋酸泼尼松龙0.0125g+0.5ml2%利多卡因关节下腔注射一次,比较两种方法的治疗效果。结果:实验组的60例患者均在治疗后1-2w疼痛消失,追踪3-12个月无复发。对照组的60例患者,2个周后有18例无效,无效率为30%,两组比较其结果有显著性差异(P<0.001);3个月后有22例无效,无效率为36.67%,两组比较其结果有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论:咬合运动组的治疗效果显著高于醋酸泼尼松龙注射组,咬合运动能有效的治疗滑膜炎并减少患者的治疗痛苦。     

咬合运动与注射醋酸泼尼松龙治疗滑膜炎的疗效比较

目的：比较咬合运动和关节下腔注射醋酸泼尼松龙治疗颞下颌关节滑膜炎的临床效果。方法：选择牙列完整、无第三磨牙阻生、符合颞下颌关节滑膜炎诊断标准的120例患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组60例。实验组行咬合运动,每次34个循环,每日3-4次,治疗周期为12个月;对照组给予醋酸泼尼松龙0．0125g＋0．5m12％利多卡因关节下腔注射一次,比较两种方法谛治爿效果。结果：实验组的60例患者均在治疗后1-2W疼痛消失,追踪3．12个月无复发。对照组的60例患者,2个周后有18。例无效,无效率为30％,两组比较其结果有显著性差异（P〈O．001）;3个月后有22例无效,无效率为36．67％,两组比较其结果有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。结论：咬合运动组的治疗效果显著高于醋酸泼尼松龙注射组,咬合运动能有效的治疗滑腱炎并减少患者的治疗痛苦。     

莫达非尼对睡眠剥夺条件下工作记忆的影响

目的:观察在睡眠剥夺条件下莫达非尼对工作记忆的改善作用,为此药在我军的应用策略提供实验依据。方法:18名健康男性志愿者,在两次睡眠剥夺实验中交叉服用莫达非尼和安慰剂,睡眠剥夺时间从第一天的07:00到第3d的07:00,并于第二天的0:00、12:00和第三天的0:00分别服用莫达非尼100mg或安慰剂。采用随机双盲设计给药,并在第一天的07:00、第二天的02:00和14:00以及第三天的02:00和07:00安排工作记忆测验。结果:工作记忆测验中,两组的反应时和正确率均有统计学差异(P<0.01),莫达非尼组的反应时要快于安慰剂组,正确率也要高于安慰剂组。莫达非尼对工作记忆的改善效果随着睡眠剥夺时间的延长而更趋明显。结论:莫达非尼对睡眠剥夺条件下个体的工作记忆有改善作用,是较为理想的睡眠剥夺对抗药物。     

不同睡眠剥夺时间对大鼠下丘脑内单胺类神经递质的影响

目的:探讨不同睡眠剥夺时间对大鼠认知功能的影响以及对下丘脑内单胺类神经递质去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、五羟吲哚乙酸、五羟色胺的含量的影响。方法:32只健康雄性wistar大鼠随机分为4组,即96 h、120 h、144 h睡眠剥夺,正常对照组。利用睡眠剥夺箱建立大鼠SD模型,避暗穿梭法测试大鼠认知功能,高效液相电化学检测法测定下丘脑内单胺类神经递质含量。结果:大鼠避暗穿梭实验,与对照组比较,96 h、120 h组大鼠潜伏期显著缩短(P0.05);与对照组比较,各组大鼠下丘脑内NA含量均有下降(P0.05);与对照组比较,各组大鼠下丘脑内DA含量均显著下降,(P0.01),96 h、120 h、144 h组间比较,表现出含量逐渐减少的趋势;与对照组比较,各组5-HIAA含量均有上升,且120 h组明显高于其他各组(P0.05),其他组无显著性差异(P0.05);与对照组比较,各组5-HT含量均有升高,120 h、144 h组显著升高(P0.01),96 h组无显著性(P0.05)。结论:睡眠剥夺可以使大鼠中枢NA、DA含量下降,5-HIAA、5-HT含量升高,且随着睡眠剥夺时间的延长,变化更为明显,这可能是睡眠剥夺损害认知功能的原因之一。     

Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Total Sleep Deprivation and Performance

Studies consistently show that total sleep deprivation (TSD) and measures of performance are negatively correlated. However, an accurate quantitative summary of the relationship between these variables has not yet been reported. After collection of the data from 27 relevant studies, meta-analytic techniques were used to test several hypotheses. The correlations were found to be highest for TSD of ≥45 h, speed rather than accuracy measures of performance, and work-paced rather than self-paced tasks. These findings are consistent with the “lapse hypothesis” that posits microsleeps during long hours of sleep deprivation.     

Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Total Sleep Deprivation and Performance

Studies consistently show that total sleep deprivation (TSD) and measures of performance are negatively correlated. However, an accurate quantitative summary of the relationship between these variables has not yet been reported. After collection of the data from 27 relevant studies, meta-analytic techniques were used to test several hypotheses. The correlations were found to be highest for TSD of ≥45 h, speed rather than accuracy measures of performance, and work-paced rather than self-paced tasks. These findings are consistent with the “lapse hypothesis” that posits microsleeps during long hours of sleep deprivation.     

36h睡眠剥夺对事件相关电位N270影响的对照研究

目的:应用事件相关电位技术探讨36 h完全睡眠剥夺对认知功能的影响。方法:9名健康被试参加36h睡眠剥夺试验,被试在36 h睡眠剥夺前后分别接受数字-符号联想测验,同时记录其事件相关电位,分析其在睡眠剥夺前后认知功能的动态变化情况。结果:1被试在睡眠剥夺前后的反应时相比[(748.16±193.27)与(775.79±205.48)ms],显著增加(t=3.86,P0.05),正确率相比[(74.56±0.11)与(67.12±0.07)],没有显著性差异(P0.05)。2被试在睡眠剥夺36 h后,P3、P4、C3和C4四点潜伏期没有显著性变化[P3:(296.44±16.61)与(300.22±16.16)ms,t=1.43,P=0.19;P4:(303.33±38.48)与(308.78±38.65)ms,t=2.35,P=0.05;C3:(309.56±34.09)与(308.44±28.49)ms,t=0.45,P=0.66;C4:(317.33±64.83)与(303.33±39.42)ms,t=1.31,P=0.23],四点波幅降低,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)[P3:(2.74±1.21)与(1.32±0.92)μv,t=2.54,P=0.04;P4:(2.34±1.27)与(0.94±0.49)μv,t=3.44,P=0.01;C3:(2.60±1.49)与(0.94±0.78)μv,t=2.65,P=0.03;C4:(2.60±0.81)与(1.11±1.03)μv,t=2.61,P=0.03]。结论:睡眠剥夺影响人的正常认知活动,损害了大脑对冲突信息的判断,睡眠对维持大脑的正常功能有重要作用。     

Sleep Deprivation in the Dark Period Does Not Impair Memory in OF1 Mice

There is increasing evidence that sleep facilitates memory acquisition and consolidation. Moreover, the sleep-wake history preceding memory acquisition and retention as well as circadian timing may be important. We showed previously that sleep deprivation (SD) following learning in OF1 mice impaired their performance on an object recognition task. The learning task was scheduled at the end of the 12 h dark period and the test 24 h later. To investigate the influence of the prominent circadian sleep-wake distribution typical for rodents, we now scheduled the learning task at the beginning of the dark period. Wakefulness following immediately after the learning task was attained either by gentle interference (SD; n?=?20) or by spontaneous wheel running (RW; n?=?20). Two control groups were used: one had no RW throughout the experiment (n?=?23), while the other group's wheel was blocked immediately after acquisition (n?=?16), thereby preventing its use until testing. Recognition memory, defined as the difference in exploration of a novel and of familiar objects, was assessed 24 h later during the test phase. Motor activity and RW use were continuously recorded. Remarkably, performance on the object recognition task was not influenced by the protocols; the waking period following acquisition did not impair memory, independent of the method inducing wakefulness (i.e., sleep deprivation or spontaneous running). Thus, all groups explored the novel object significantly longer than the familiar ones during the test phase. Interestingly, neither the amount of rest lost during the SD interventions nor the amount of rest preceding acquisition influenced performance. However, the total amount of rest obtained by the control and SD mice subjected to acquisition at “dark offset” correlated positively (r?=?0.66) with memory at test, while no such relationship occurred in the corresponding groups tested at dark onset. Neither the amount of running nor intermediate rest correlated with performance at test in the RW group. We conclude that interfering with sleep during the dark period does not affect object recognition memory consolidation.     

Serotonin Turnover in Discrete Regions of Young Rat Brain After 24 h REM Sleep Deprivation

The present study has attempted to elucidate the alteration of serotonin turnover after 24 h REM sleep deprivation in different regions in brain of young rat. Sleep deprivation was induced by the inverted flowerpot technique. Results of this study show increased serotonin turnover after 24 h REM sleep deprivation in all the brain regions except in the hypothalamus. The decreased 5-HT ratio shows increased serotonin in the hypothalamus after 24 h sleep deprivation. This study indicates increased activity of serotonergic neurons in the hypothalamus after 24 h sleep deprivation. This also indicates that the hypothalamus plays a role in the immediate compensatory mechanism during 24 h REM sleep deprivation in young rats.     

Phase Advance Is an Actimetric Correlate of Antidepressant Response to Sleep Deprivation and Light Therapy in Bipolar Depression

The combination of total sleep deprivation (TSD) and light therapy (LT) in bipolar depression causes rapid antidepressant effects, and its mechanism of action has been hypothesized to involve the enhancement of all of the monoaminergic systems targeted by antidepressant drugs (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine). It is still unknown if the clinical effects are paralleled by changes in biological rhythms. In a before/after design of a study of biological correlates of response, 39 inpatients affected by Type I Bipolar Disorder whose current depressive episode was without psychotic features were treated for one week with repeated TSD combined with morning LT. Wrist actigraphy was recorded throughout the study. Two‐thirds of the patients responded to treatment (50% reduction in Hamilton Depression score). Responders showed an increase in daytime activity, phase‐advance of the activity‐rest rhythm of 57 min compared to the pre‐treatment baseline, and reduced nighttime sleep. Non‐responders did not show significant changes in the parameters of their activity‐rest rhythm. Phase advance of the activity‐rest rhythm is an actimetric correlate of the antidepressant response to TSD and LT in bipolar depression. Results are consistent with the known effects of sleep‐wake manipulations and neurotransmitter function on the suprachiasmatic nucleus.     

不同时间段睡眠剥夺配合改良式水合氯醛保留灌肠法在婴幼儿肺功能检查中的效果分析

摘要 目的：探讨不同时间段睡眠剥夺配合改良式水合氯醛保留灌肠法在婴幼儿肺功能检查中的镇静效果。方法：前瞻性选取2018年2月~2020年8月本院收治并需行肺功能检查的婴幼儿临床资料,纳入194例婴幼儿作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法简单随机分为四组。对照组（n=48）不进行睡眠剥夺,短时段组（n=48）行短时段睡眠剥夺,中时段组（n=49）行中时段睡眠剥夺,长时段组（n=49）行长时段睡眠剥夺。对比四组婴幼儿的入睡时间、镇静效果及不良反应。结果：四组婴幼儿入睡时间的组间差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,联合睡眠剥夺干预的三组婴幼儿在10 min内进入睡眠的例数明显增多;随着睡眠剥夺时间增加,睡眠剥夺的三组婴幼儿超过30 min才进入睡眠的例数明显少于对照组。四组婴幼儿镇静效果的组间比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;与对照组相比,联合睡眠剥夺干预的三组婴幼儿镇静效果明显升高,镇静总有效率均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。在实验期间,四组婴幼儿均出现不同类型的不良反应,各类型不良反应发生率及总发生率的组间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但长时段组出现情绪烦躁的比例略高。结论：睡眠剥夺配合改良式水合氯醛灌肠法对婴幼儿具有良好的镇静效果,但长时段睡眠剥夺可能会使其情绪烦躁,需在检查完成后悉心安抚婴幼儿情绪。