鼠神经生长因子对2型糖尿病周围神经病变的影响

目的:探讨鼠神经生长因子治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择89例DPN患者分为观察组45例和对照组44例,两组都给予糖尿病的基础治疗,观察组在基础治疗基础上,加用注射用鼠神经生长因子,对照组加用甲钴胺注射液和丹红注射用,治疗前后测定正中神经和腓总神经的感觉传导速度(SNCV)、运动传导速度(MNCV),行多伦多临床评分系统(TCSS)评分。结果:治疗前,两组患者TCSS评分、正中神经、腓总神经的MNCV及SNCV相似,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);疗程结束时,两组TCSS评分较治疗前均下降,正中神经、腓总神经的MNCV及SNCV较治疗前均增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但是观察组改善幅度较对照组更显著(P0.05)。观察组显效20例、有效23例和无效2例;对照组显效15例、有效21例和无效8例,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗期间未见严重不良反应发生。结论:加用鼠神经生长因子可以有效缓解2型糖尿病DPN的临床症状,提高神经传导速度,安全性高。     

上海市杨浦区社区2型糖尿病患者周围神经病变患病率调查及其影响因素分析

摘要 目的：调查上海市杨浦区社区2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者周围神经病变（DPN）患病率,并分析其影响因素。方法：于2019年3月~2020年3月在上海市杨浦区所辖社区中随机选取5个社区,采用分层随机抽样法从每个社区选取100例T2DM患者进行调查,统计T2DM患者DPN患病率,采用多因素Logistic回归分析DPN发生的影响因素。结果：本次研究共发放500份调查问卷,回收498份,回收率为99.60%（498/500）,其中DPN患者222例,DPN发生率为44.58%（222/498）,纳为DPN组,276例未发生DPN纳为非DPN组。单因素分析结果显示：DPN组与非DPN组在腰围、合并糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）、合并下肢血管病变（PVD）、吸烟史、高血压、脑梗死病史、文化程度、婚姻状况、收缩压（SBP）、空腹血糖（FPG）、葡萄糖达标时间百分比（TIR）、载脂蛋白B、尿酸方面比较有差异（P<0.05）。进一步多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：合并DR、合并PVD、有吸烟史、有脑梗死病史、婚姻状况为未婚/离异/丧偶、FPG水平较高是T2DM患者发生DPN的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：T2DM患者中DPN的患病率较高,合并DR、PVD、吸烟史、脑梗死病史以及婚姻状况是DPN发生的影响因素,应重视DPN筛查并进行干预,针对上述影响因素对T2DM患者开展健康宣教,减少DPN的发生。     

Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Peruvian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in adult Peruvian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsIn this cross-sectional analysis, we reviewed clinical charts of type 2 diabetic patients with DKA admitted to Cayetano Heredia Hospital between 2001 and 2005 for data on demographics, previous treatment, previous hospital admissions for DKA, family history of diabetes, precipitating factors, hospital course, mortality, and insulin use 3 and 6 months after the index DKA episode. Patients older than 18 years who had confirmed DKA were included. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were excluded.ResultsWe report on 53 patients with DKA for whom complete clinical and laboratory data were available. Of the 53 patients, 39 (74%) were men; mean age (± SD) was 45 ± 12 years; and 22 (42%) had no previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The following mean (± SD) laboratory values were obtained at DKA diagnosis: glucose, 457 ± 170 mg/dL; pH, 7.15 ± 0.14; bicarbonate, 7.73 ± 6 mEq/L; and anion gap, 24.45 ± 7.44 mEq/L. Of the 53 DKA episodes, 35 (66%) were severe (arterial pH < 7.0 and/or serum bicarbonate < 10 mEq/L). The following precipitating factors were discerned: discontinuation of treatment in 21 (40%), infections in 16 (30%), intercurrent illness in 3 (6%), and no identifiable cause in 13 (25%). Mortality rate was 0%. Three and 6 months after the index DKA episode, insulin was used by 65% and 56% of patients, respectively.ConclusionIn countries with a low incidence of type 1 diabetes, DKA is frequently reported in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, 42% of patients had new-onset disease. Most DKA episodes were severe and were related to infection or noncompliance with treatment. (Endocr Pract. 2008;14:442-446)     

The Impact of Diabetic Neuropathy on Balance and on the Risk of Falls in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

IntroductionDiabetic neuropathy (DN) is a prevalent complication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) with a major impact on the health of the affected patient. We hypothesized that mediated by the dysfunctionalities associated with DN’s three major components: sensitive (lack of motion associated sensory), motor (impairments in movement coordination) and autonomic (the presence of postural hypotension), the presence of DN may impair the balance in the affected patients. Our study’s main aim is to evaluate the possible association between the presence and severity of DN and both the balance impairment and the risk of falls in patients with T2DM.ResultsThe presence of DN was associated with significant decreases in the BBS score (40.5 vs. 43.7 points; p<0.001) and SLS time (9.3 vs. 10.3 seconds; p = 0.003) respectively increases in TUG time (8.9 vs. 7.6 seconds; p = 0.002) and FES-I score (38 vs. 33 points; p = 0.034). The MNSI score was reverse and significantly correlated with both BBS score (Spearman’s r = -0.479; p<0.001) and SLS time (Spearman’s r = -0.169; p = 0.017). In the multivariate regression model, we observed that patient’s age, DN severity and depression’s symptoms acted as independent, significant predictors for the risk of falls in patients with T2DM.ConclusionsThe presence of DN in patients with DM is associated with impaired balance and with a consecutively increase in the risk of falls.     

社区2型糖尿病患者血糖自我管理水平调查及并发糖尿病周围神经病变的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：调查社区2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血糖自我管理水平及分析T2DM并发糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）的影响因素。方法：于2016年6月~2017年6月期间采用整群随机抽样法随机抽取苏州市6个社区符合纳排标准的539例T2DM患者进行问卷调查,了解社区T2DM患者血糖自我管理水平情况,对患者进行体格检查并检测血生化指标,统计社区T2DM患者的DPN发生情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析T2DM患者并发DPN的影响因素。结果：本次研究共发放调查问卷539份,实际回收531份,其中T2DM并发DPN者86例,根据是否并发DPN将所有入选患者分为DPN组（n=86）和无DPN组（n=445）。社区T2DM患者的糖尿病自我管理行为量表（SDSCA）平均得分率为（49.38±5.23）%,DPN组和无DPN组在病程、体质量指数（BMI）、腰围、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、低 密 度 脂 蛋 白（LDL-C）、血 尿 素 氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Cr）、合并外周动脉疾病（PAD）、合并糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）中比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：病程≥7年、HbAlc≥8 mmol/L、合并PAD、合并DR、BMI≥25 kg/m²是社区 T2DM患者并发DPN的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：苏州市6个社区的T2DM患者血糖自我管理水平较低,且T2DM并发DPN的概率较高,病程≥7年、HbAlc≥8 mmol/L、合并PAD、合并DR、BMI≥25 kg/m²均是社区 T2DM患者并发DPN的危险因素,临床可对上述危险因素采取积极有效的措施,以有效降低T2DM并发DPN的发生率。     

北京市2型糖尿病患者抑郁状况的横断面调查及其危险因素分析

目的:探讨北京市2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者抑郁症发病情况及其危险因素,为T2DM合并抑郁症的防治提供依据。方法:采取横断面调查的方法对2016年1月-2016年12月中国人民解放军总医院健康管理研究院体检中患T2DM的3000例患者随机抽取1200例进行调查,所有患者进行Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)测评,根据SDS结果分为T2DM合并抑郁症组和T2DM非抑郁症组。应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归法分析T2DM合并抑郁症的危险因素。结果:北京市T2DM患者抑郁症患病率为21.93%,不同性别T2DM患者抑郁症患病率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。单因素分析显示,北京市T2DM患者抑郁症发病与糖尿病病程、运动情况、胰岛素治疗、并发症情况、糖化血红蛋白有关(P0.05),与饮食控制、血糖监测情况、收缩压、舒张压、胆固醇、甘油三酯无关(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示糖尿病病程≥10年、胰岛素治疗、并发症≥3个、糖化血红蛋白≥8.0%是北京市T2DM患者抑郁症发病的危险因素(P0.05),经常运动是北京市T2DM患者抑郁症发病的保护性因素(P0.05)。结论:北京市T2DM患者抑郁症患病率为21.93%,糖尿病病程≥10年、胰岛素治疗、并发症≥3个、糖化血红蛋白≥8.0%是北京市T2DM患者抑郁症发病的危险因素,经常运动是北京市T2DM患者抑郁症发病的保护性因素。     

Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus in Women with Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is not only a gynecological problem but also has serious effects on women’s health such as changes in hormone levels that can trigger fluctuations in blood sugar level and inflammation status. The present study was designed to determine vitamin D, copper, zinc, metabolic parameters [insulin, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], inflammation parameters such as procalcitonin and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), and lipid profile in POI patients and control subjects with normal menstrual cycles. A total of 43 patients with nondiabetic POI were studied in order to evaluate and compare the findings with those of the control group, which comprised 33 women with normal menstrual cycles. The women with POI had higher levels of serum copper, serum insulin, glucose, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, and procalcitonin, whereas serum vitamin D and zinc levels were lower compared with the healthy control group. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were positively correlated with insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, procalcitonin, and copper and negatively correlated with vitamin D and zinc levels. In multivariate statistic analyses with body mass index and FSH as dependent variables, FSH was positively associated with copper and HOMA-IR negatively with vitamin D levels. The present study demonstrated that women with POI have traditional risk factors for diabetes mellitus, including lower levels of vitamin D, whereas higher levels of copper and HOMA-IR.     

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is a Risk Factor for the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is also associated with T2DM. However, little is known about the interaction between these conditions in patients with T2DM.

Objective

To examine the association between NAFLD and DN in patients with T2DM.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients seen between January 2006 and July 2014.T2DM patients were divided into two groups based on NAFLD status (with NAFLD = group A; without = group B). The cumulative incidence of DN and chronic kidney disease (CKD) staging were compared between the two groups. Liver fat content was examined in some patients. Associations among NAFLD, other factors,and DN were analyzed by the additive interaction method.

Results

Cumulative incidence of DN in patients from group A (58.58%) was higher than in group B (37.22%) (P = 0.005). In both groups, the number of DN patients with CKD stage 1 was greater than the number of patients with stages 2–5. Increased liver fat content was associated with increased occurrence of severe and mild albuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). There were positive correlations between NAFLD and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), free fatty acids (FFA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), omentin-1, visceral fat area, homocysteine (HCY), and serum uric acid (UA).

Conclusion

NAFLD might be a risk factor for DN. Elevated liver fat content could be associated with higher DN burden.     

Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Management of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

ObjectiveTo review the role of the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) in the peripheral and central regulation of food intake, appetite, and energy storage and discuss the potential for the ECS to be an important target for lowering cardiovascular risk.MethodsMaterials used for this article were identified through a MEDLINE search of the pertinent literature (1975 to present), including English-language randomized controlled, prospective, cohort, review, and observational studies. We summarize the available experimental and clinical data.ResultsThe ECS is composed of two 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor subtypes, CB₁ and CB₂, endogenous cannabinoid ligands (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol), and the enzymes that synthesize and break down the ligands. Understanding the role of the ECS in central and peripheral metabolic processes related to the regulation of food intake and energy balance as well as the endocrine role of excess adipose tissue, particularly visceral adipose tissue, and its promotion of global cardiometabolic risk has led to the development of pharmacologic agents with potential for blockade of CB₁ receptors. In several studies, rimonabant (20 mg daily) demonstrated a favorable effect on various risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and measures of inflammation.ConclusionThe ECS has been shown to have a key role in the regulation of energy balance, and modulation of this system may affect multiple cardiometabolic risk factors. Clinical studies involving pharmacologic blockade of CB₁ receptors in overweight patients with and without type 2 diabetes have demonstrated effective weight loss and improvements in several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. (Endocr Pract. 2007;13:790-804)     

老年2型糖尿病患者发生严重低血糖相关危险因素分析

目的:研究老年2型糖尿病患者发生严重低血糖的相关危险因素。方法:选取2013年7月到2014年7月我院收治的老年2型糖尿病患者200例,根据是否发生严重低血糖将患者分为非低血糖组(138例)和低血糖组(62例),比较两组临床资料。结果:低血糖组和非低血糖组体重指数、住院时间以及糖尿病病程比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);低血糖组心脑血管疾病药物联用率显著高于非低血糖组,二甲双胍应用率显著低于非低血糖组,胰岛素应用率以及口服降糖药(OAD)和胰岛素的联合应用率显著高于非低血糖组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);低血糖组低钾血症发生率显著高于非低血糖组,肾功能有关的指标显著高于非低血糖组,低血糖组白细胞和中性粒细胞显著高于非低血糖组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);Logistic多因素回归分析可知,病程超过10年、胰岛素应用以及和OAD联用、果糖胺低于2.5 mmol/L、白细胞升高、肾功能受损均和严重低血糖发生具有相关关系。结论:病程超过10年、胰岛素应用以及和OAD联用、白细胞升高、果糖胺低于2.5 mmol/L、肾功能受损均和严重低血糖发生有关,在行降糖治疗时应该谨慎评估上述危险因素。     

2型糖尿病患者血糖波动与糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖波动与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的关系.方法:T2DM患者进行眼底照相或眼底荧光造影,根据DR程度分为糖尿病背景期视网膜病变(BDR)组、糖尿病增殖期视网膜病变(PDR)组、无视网膜病变(NDR)组,记录年龄、性别、体重指数、病程、测量血压、糖化血红蛋白、空腹胰岛素、餐后2h胰岛素、空腹C-肽、餐后2hC-肽、血脂指标.选取三组中上述基线指标具有可比性的病例共106例(BDR组38例,PDR组35例,NDR组33例)纳入观察.采用动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)连续监测患者血糖72 h.结果:各组间平均血糖水平(MBG)、血糖标准差(SDBG)、平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)及血糖波动最大幅度(LAGE)相比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05).Spearman相关分析显示,糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)与MBG、SDBG、MAGE及LAGE呈正相关(P＜0.05).校正MBG后,糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)与SDBG、MAGE及LAGE的相关系数分别为0.297、0.396、0.284(P＜0.01).结论:血糖波动与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的发生发展有关,应尽早干预.     

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Ambulatory Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in a General Hospital in a Middle Income Country: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim

We aimed to estimate the morbidity rate and associated factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in a low-middle income country setting.

Methods

Cross-sectional study, data was gathered at Peru''s Ministry of Health national specialized hospital for endocrinological conditions through standardized interviews, anthropometric measurements and blood tests for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). DPN was evaluated using two techniques: the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test and the diabetic neuropathy symptom score. Overall prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Potential factors related to DPN explored included body mass index, years with disease (<10 vs. ≥10 years), glycaemic control (HbA1c <7% vs. ≥7%), microalbuminuria, retinopathy, and current pharmacological treatment. Multivariable analysis was performed using Poisson analysis to calculate prevalence ratios.

Results

DPN was observed in 73/129 (56.6%) patients. In multivariable analysis adjusted by age and sex, the prevalence ratio of neuropathy was 1.4 times higher (95% CI 1.07–1.88) in patients who took insulin plus metformin compared to patients who used one treatment alone, and 1.4 higher (95% CI 1.02–1.93) in patients with ≥10 years of disease compared to those with a shorter duration of disease. Also we found some characteristics in foot evaluation associated to neuropathy such as deformities (p<0.001), onychomycosis (p = 0.012), abnormal Achilles reflex (p<0.001), pain perception (p<0.001) and vibration perception (p<0.001).

Conclusion

DPN is highly frequent among patients with diabetes in a national specialized facility from Peru. Associated factors to DPN included being a diabetic patient for over ten years, and receiving insulin plus metformin     

Target Values of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Not Associated with All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background

To investigate prospectively the relationship between target values of glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol, as considered in a combined fashion, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

Two cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the Gargano Mortality Study (n=810) and the Foggia Mortality Study (n=929), were investigated. A weighted target risk score was built as a weight linear combination of the recommended targets reached by each patient.

Results

In the Gargano Mortality Study and in the Foggia Mortality Study (mean follow up=7.4 and 5.5 years, respectively), 161 (19.9%) and 220 (23.7%) patients died, with an age and sex adjusted annual incidence rate of 2.1 and 2.8 per 100 person-years, respectively. In both study samples the weighted target risk score tended to be linearly associated with all-cause mortality (HR for one point increment=1.30, 95% CI: 1.11-1.53, p=0.001, and HR=1.08, 95% CI: 0.95-1.24, p=0.243, respectively). When the two cohorts were pooled and analyzed together, a clear association between weighted target risk score and all-cause mortality was observed (HR for one point increment=1.17, 95% CI:1.05-1.30, p=0.004). This counterintuitive association was no longer observable in a model including age, sex, body mass index, smoking habit, estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria and anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive and anti-dyslipidemic treatment as covariates (HR for one point increment=0.99, 95% CI: 0.87-1.12, p=0.852).

Conclusions

In a real life clinical set of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the combination of recommended target values of established cardiovascular risk factors is not associated with all-cause mortality.     

2 型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白排泄率与eGFR 的关系及相关危险因素

目的:分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)与肾小球滤过率(eGFR)的关系,并探讨相关的危险因素。方法:选取我院收治的2型糖尿病患者470例,根据UAER及eGFR的检查结果进行分组,收集患者的一般资料,研究UAER与e GFR的关系,并分析其相关危险因素。结果:不同UAER体质量、体表面积、BMI,DBP,SBP,高血压病程、TG,TC,血肌酐以及尿酸水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同e GFR年龄、体质量、糖尿病病程、体表面积、BMI、高血压的病程、HbA1c,HDL-C,血肌酐以及尿酸水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。大量清蛋白尿患者肾功能异常发生率最高,正常清蛋白尿患者肾功能异常发生率最低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。eGFR≥90 mL·min~(-1)·1.73 m~(-2)患者正常、微量、大量清蛋白尿分别占82.08%、13.68%、4.25%,根据交叉检验分析,UAER与e GFR间有相关性(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,与UAER相关危险因素包括血肌酐、收缩压及体质指数,与e GFR相关危险因素包括年龄、体质量、血肌酐(P0.05)。结论:UAER与e GFR间存在相关性,一并进行检测对早期诊断2型糖尿病肾损伤有利。而两者相关危险因素包括血肌酐、收缩压及体质指数。     

Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy,Estimated Cardiovascular Risk,and Circadian Blood Pressure Pattern in Diabetes Mellitus

This study was designed to investigate potential factors involved in the disruption of the circadian blood pressure (BP) pattern in diabetes mellitus, as well as the relation between BP, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, and estimated cardiovascular risk. We studied 101 diabetic patients (58% with type 2 diabetes; 59% men), age 21–65 yrs, evaluated by 48 h BP monitoring. We performed three autonomic tests in a single session: deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver, and standing up from a seated position. Patients were classified according to the number of abnormal tests and their 10 yr risk of coronary heart disease or stroke. The prevalence of non-dipping 24 h patterning ranged from 47.6% in type 1 to 42.4% in type 2 diabetes. The awake/asleep ratio of systolic BP (SBP) was comparable between patients with or without abnormal autonomic tests. Pulse pressure (PP) was significantly higher in patients with ≥1 abnormal autonomic test (p?<?0.001). Ambulatory SBP was significantly elevated in the group with higher risk of coronary heart disease (p?<?0.001). Patients with higher stroke-risk had higher SBP but lower diastolic BP, and thus an elevated ambulatory PP by 9 mmHg, compared to those with lower risk (p?<?0.001). Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is not the main causal-factor for the non-dipper BP pattern in diabetes mellitus. The most significant finding from this study is the high ambulatory PP found in patients with either cardiac autonomic dysfunction or high risk for coronary heart disease or stroke. After correcting for age, this elevated PP level emerged as the main cardiovascular risk factor in diabetes mellitus.     

2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松症患者外周血炎性因子表达与骨代谢、骨密度丢失的关系

摘要 目的：探讨2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松症患者外周血中炎性因子NLR、IL-1β、TNF-α与骨代谢指标骨密度、活性维生素D、PTH、ALP及生化指标FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、空腹C肽、BMI、血脂、血尿酸之间的关系,为该类患者的诊断和治疗提供参考。方法：选取2020年9月至2021年9月在本院内分泌科就诊的2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松症患者80例作为观察组,同时选取同期健康体检者80例作为对照组。比较两组患者的一般资料,采用ELISA法检测两组患者外周血中NLR、IL-1β、TNF-α的水平,采用双能X线吸收法（DEXA）检测两组患者的骨密度,采用放射免疫法检测两组患者外周血中活性维生素D、PTH的水平,采用生化分析仪检测两组患者外周血中ALP、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、空腹C肽、BMI、血脂、血尿酸的水平。结果：观察组患者外周血中NLR、IL-1β、TNF-α的水平均高于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者骨密度低于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者外周血中活性维生素D水平低于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者外周血中PTH水平高于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者外周血中ALP水平高于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者外周血中FPG、2hPG、HbA1c水平高于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者空腹C肽水平低于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者BMI高于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者血脂异常率高于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者血尿酸水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组患者外周血中NLR、IL-1β、TNF-α与骨密度呈负相关（P<0.05）,与活性维生素D呈负相关（P<0.05）,与PTH、ALP呈正相关（P<0.05）,与FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、空腹C肽、BMI、血脂、血尿酸无显著相关性（P>0.05）。结论：2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松症患者外周血中炎性因子NLR、IL-1β、TNF-α水平升高,可能与骨代谢紊乱和骨密度丢失有关,提示该类患者存在慢性低度炎症状态,应加强对其骨代谢和骨密度的监测和干预,以降低骨折风险和改善生活质量。     

社区糖尿病足危险因素与健康教育需求的调查研究

目的:调查社区中糖尿病足高危人群在糖尿病患者中的比例以及糖尿病患者对糖尿病足防治相关知识掌握的情况.方法:对哈尔滨市5个社区中262例糖尿病患者进行糖尿病足防治相关知识调查及ABI测定和分析.结果:262例患者中ABI＜0.9者77例,占29.38％.糖尿病并发下肢动脉病变组与正常组比较,前者的年龄大、病程长、空腹血糖、餐后血糖、胆固醇、收缩压、吸烟率、合并冠心病率、合并脑血管病率明显增高.多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、病程、PBG2h、HbAlc是影响ABI的独立因素.近50％的病人对糖尿病足防治相关知识掌握明显不足.结论:在社区定期开展糖尿病足筛查,及时发现糖尿病危险足,积极开展糖尿病足的宣传教育活动,提高患者的自我防护意识,减少糖尿病足的发生率.     

2型糖尿病住院患者心脏自主神经病变的影响因素及对夜间AH和夜间VA的影响

摘要 目的：分析2型糖尿病（T2DM）住院患者心脏自主神经病变（CAN）的影响因素,探讨其对夜间无症状低血糖（AH）和夜间室性心律失常（VA）的影响。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年7月肇庆医学高等专科学校附属医院收治的174例T2DM患者,根据是否发生CAN分为CAN组和非CAN组,采用多因素Logistic回归分析T2DM住院患者CAN的影响因素。采用动态血糖监测系统监测夜间AH发生情况,动态心电图监测夜间VA发生情况。结果：174例T2DM患者CAN发生率为37.93%（66/174）。单因素分析显示,CAN组年龄大于非CAN组,病程长于非CAN组,收缩压、舒张压、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）、血尿酸和微血管并发症比例高于非CAN组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄增加、病程延长、HOMA-IR升高、血尿酸升高、微血管并发症为T2DM住院患者CAN的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。与非CAN组比较,CAN组夜间AH、VA发生率增加（P＜0.05）。结论：年龄、病程、HOMA-IR、血尿酸和微血管并发症为T2DM住院患者CAN的影响因素,CAN增加了T2DM住院患者夜间AH和夜间VA的发生率,早期筛查CAN可能有助于降低T2DM住院患者夜间AH和夜间VA的发生风险。     

Impact of Obesity and Body Fat Distribution on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hong Kong Chinese

Objective: Body fat distribution has been reported to differentially contribute to the development of cardiovascular risk. We report the relative associations between general and central obesity and risk factors in 2893 Chinese subjects recruited from the Hong Kong population. Research Methods and Procedures: Anthropometric parameters [waist circumference (WC) and BMI], surrogate measures of insulin resistance (fasting plasma glucose and insulin, oral glucose tolerance test, 2 hours glucose and insulin), fasting lipids (total, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, and triglycerides) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. General obesity was classified as BMI ≥25.0 kg/m² and central obesity as a WC ≥80 or ≥90 cm in women and men, respectively. Results: A total of 39.2% of the population was found to be obese. Obesity per se increased the levels of the risk factors, but central adiposity contributed to a greater extent to adverse high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, triglyceride, and insulin resistance levels. There was a continuous relationship between increasing obesity, both general and central, and cardiovascular risk, with lowest risk associated with the lowest indices of obesity. In the 1759 nonobese subjects divided into quartiles of BMI or WC, the levels of the cardiovascular risk factors still significantly increased with increasing quartiles of adiposity. Discussion: Central adiposity appears to contribute to a greater extent than general adiposity to the development of cardiovascular risk in this population. The relationship between obesity parameters and risk is a continuum, with risk factors significantly increasing even at levels usually considered nonobese. These observations support the proposed redefinition of overweight and obesity in Asian populations using lower cut‐off points.