miR-21在疤痕形成中的作用及其机制研究

目的:探究mi R-21在疤痕形成中的作用及其相关机制。方法:选取2016年3月-2017年8月在本院就诊的20例皮肤有疤痕患者,采集患者的正常皮肤组织(正常组)、疤痕组织(疤痕组),进行成纤维细胞的分离培养,比较正常组、疤痕组mi R-21与Smad-7的m RNA表达水平,并在疤痕组织加入mi R-21抑制剂(抑制组),比较三组成纤维细胞增殖情况、蛋白表达及磷酸化水平。结果:正常组中Smad-7的m RNA表达水平显著高于疤痕组,而mi R-21的m RNA水平显著低于疤痕组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。细胞培养48 h和72 h时,疤痕组成纤维细胞增殖水平明显高于正常组和抑制组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而抑制组和正常组成纤维细胞增殖水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。疤痕组成纤维细胞Smad-7蛋白表达低于正常组和抑制组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),疤痕组成纤维细胞Smad-2、Smad-3蛋白表达及磷酸化水平均高于正常组和抑制组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:疤痕组织中mi R-21通过负调控Smad-7的表达,从而引起Smad-2与Smad-3蛋白表达发生变化,使得疤痕成纤维细胞的增殖水平明显增高,最终促成疤痕的形成。     

面颈部吸脂结合脂肪移植在瘢痕整形中的临床应用观察

目的:探讨与观察面颈部吸脂结合脂肪移植在瘢痕整形中的临床应用效果。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,选择2017年8月到2020年6月在本院诊治的面颈部瘢痕患者78例作为研究对象,根据随机信封抽签原则把患者分为联合组与对照组各39例。对照组给予面颈部吸脂治疗,联合组给予面颈部吸脂结合脂肪移植治疗,治疗观察3个月。结果:联合组治疗后瘢痕部位的疼痛分级与对照组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗后的美容权重评分与瘢痕基底深度都低于治疗前(P<0.05),联合组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后联合组的总有效率为97.4%,高于对照组的82.1%(P<0.05)。联合组治疗期间的感染、栓塞、出血、神经损害等并发症发生率为5.1%,低于对照组的28.2%(P<0.05)。结论:面颈部吸脂结合脂肪移植在瘢痕整形中的临床应用并不会增加患者的疼痛,还能降低瘢痕基底深度与减少并发症的发生,提高患者的美容度与总体治疗效果。     

Fat Grafting in Burn Scar Alleviates Neuropathic Pain via Anti-Inflammation Effect in Scar and Spinal Cord

Burn-induced neuropathic pain is complex, and fat grafting has reportedly improved neuropathic pain. However, the mechanism of fat grafting in improving neuropathic pain is unclear. Previous investigations have found that neuroinflammation causes neuropathic pain, and anti-inflammatory targeting may provide potential therapeutic opportunities in neuropathic pain. We hypothesized that fat grafting in burn scars improves the neuropathic pain through anti-inflammation. Burn-induced scar pain was confirmed using a mechanical response test 4 weeks after burn injuries, and autologous fat grafting in the scar area was performed simultaneously. After 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and specimens were collected for the inflammation test, including COX-2, iNOS, and nNOS in the injured skin and spinal cord dorsal horns through immunohistochemistry and Western assays. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 β and TNF-α) in the spinal cord were collected. Double immunofluorescent staining images for measuring p-IκB, p-NFκB, p-JNK, and TUNEL as well as Western blots of AKT, Bax/Bcl-2 for the inflammatory process, and apoptosis were analyzed. Fat grafting significantly reduced COX2, nNOS, and iNOS in the skin and spinal cord dorsal horns, as well as IL-1β and TNF-α, compared with the burn group. Moreover, regarding the anti-inflammatory effect, the apoptosis cells in the spinal cord significantly decreased after the fat grafting in the burn injury group. Fat grafting was effective in treating burn-induced neuropathic pain through the alleviation of neuroinflammation and ameliorated spinal neuronal apoptosis.     

A non‐lethal biopsy technique for sampling subcutaneous adipose tissue of small and medium‐sized birds

Analysis of fatty acids from adipose tissue can provide important information about the physiological and nutritional condition of birds. However, non‐lethal biopsy procedures and their potential negative effects on small and medium‐sized birds have not been adequately assessed. We developed a biopsy procedure for collecting small amounts of adipose tissue from the furcular area of small and medium‐sized birds (13–62 g) without adverse effects. The biopsy procedure was performed on Dunlins (Calidris alpina), a medium‐sized migratory shorebird, and small hybrid songbirds (European Goldfinch [Carduelis carduelis] × Atlantic Canary [Serinus canaria]). The biopsy involved making a skin incision 2–3 mm long on one side of the furcular region to collect 2–16 mg of adipose tissue. All birds were monitored for 2 weeks after biopsies to examine potential effects of the procedure on body mass, visible fat deposition, time for wound healing, hematocrit levels, total white blood cell counts, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratios. Visible scars were apparent for 10 d for hybrids and 6 d for Dunlins, with no evidence of infection or abnormal scar tissue formation. Body mass of songbirds did not differ before and after the biopsy, but Dunlins increased body mass and visible fat deposition after biopsy. The collection of adipose tissue in the furcular region was performed only for birds with fat scores ≥2, and the tissue collected never represented more than 0.07% of a bird's body mass; we recommend both these values to avoid any possible unknown negative effects. Our non‐lethal biopsy technique is relatively simple to perform, and we recommend it as an alternative to lethal methods for sampling adipose tissue in studies of wild and captive birds.     

重组人表皮生长因子联合光子嫩肤M22对痤疮凹陷性瘢痕患者皮肤屏障功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨与分析重组人表皮生长因子联合光子嫩肤M22对痤疮凹陷性瘢痕患者皮肤屏障功能的影响。方法：2020年9月到2022年2月选择在本院诊治的痤疮凹陷性瘢痕患者120例作为研究对象,根据1:1简单分配原则把患者分为联合组与对照组各60例。对照组给予重组人表皮生长因子治疗,联合组在对照组治疗的基础上给予光子嫩肤M22治疗,两组都治疗观察4周。结果：治疗后联合组的总有效率为88.3 %,高于对照组的66.7 %（P<0.05）。联合组的红斑消退时间等临床症状较对照组少（P<0.05）。两组治疗后皮肤油脂比例低于治疗前,皮肤含量水高于治疗前,治疗后联合组的皮肤油脂比例、含水量与对照组对比有差异（P<0.05）。两组治疗后的瘢痕基底深度较治疗前低,联合组较对照组低（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组主观、客观美学评分较治疗前高,联合组较对照组高（P<0.05）。结论：重组人表皮生长因子联合光子嫩肤M22在痤疮凹陷性瘢痕患者的能改善皮肤屏障功能,能降低瘢痕基底深度与皮肤油脂比例,提高皮肤含水量,能促进改善临床症状,提高皮肤的美学评分,从而提高总体治疗效果。     

Effect of Mederma on hypertrophic scarring in the rabbit ear model

Currently accepted conservative treatments of hypertrophic scars are limited to steroid injections, radiation therapy, and silicone occlusive therapy. However, the use of Mederma for these problematic lesions has become quite prevalent in the clinical setting. Little scientific evidence exists to support the efficacy of this product in reducing hypertrophic scars. The aim of this study was to study the effects of Mederma on hypertrophic scars in the rabbit hypertrophic scar model, allowing the histologic quantification of scar elevation, dermal collagen organization, vascularity, and inflammation and the gross examination of scar erythema. Full-thickness wounds down to cartilage, four per ear, were created in four New Zealand White rabbits, for a total of 32 scars. Twenty-eight days after the initial wounding, the hypertrophic scars were photographed, and treatment of half of the scars on each ear was begun with Mederma three times per day for a total of 4 weeks. The untreated scars served as control scars and were left exposed to air. After 4 weeks of treatment, the scars were once again photographed. The rabbits were then killed, and the scars were analyzed histologically. The pretreatment and posttreatment photographs were compared by using computer quantification of magenta, yellow, and cyan expression within the scars.Histologic analysis demonstrated no significant reduction in scar hypertrophy or scar elevation index. However, a significant improvement in dermal collagen organization was noted on comparing Mederma-treated scars with untreated control scars (p < 0.05). No significant difference in dermal vascularity or inflammation was noted. Computer analysis of the scar photographs demonstrated no significant reduction in scar erythema with Mederma treatment. The active product in Mederma, allium cepa, has as its derivative quercetin, a bioflavonoid noted for its antiproliferative effects on both normal and malignant cells, and its antihistamine release effects. These properties could theoretically prove beneficial in reversing the inflammatory and proliferative responses noted in hypertrophic scars. Despite the authors' inability to demonstrate a reduction in scar hypertrophy, the improvement in collagen organization noted in the Mederma-treated scars suggests it may have an effect on the pathophysiology of hypertrophic scar formation.     

Intralesional cryotherapy for enhancing the involution of hypertrophic scars and keloids

Although therapeutic management of hypertrophic scars and keloids using contact or spray cryosurgery has yielded significant improvement or complete regression of hypertrophic scars and keloids, it requires one to 20 treatment sessions. This study was designed to assess the clinical safety and efficacy of an intralesional needle cryoprobe method in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids.Ten patients, ranging in age from 3 to 54 years, with a total of 12 hypertrophic scars and keloids of more than 6 months duration and of diverse causes, were included in this study. The 18-month trial evaluated volume reduction of the hypertrophic scars and keloids after a single session of intralesional cryotherapy. Objective (hardness and color) and subjective (pain/tenderness and itchiness/discomfort) parameters were examined on a scale of 0 to 3 (low score was better). Pretreatment and posttreatment histomorphometric studies of the collagen fibers included spectral picrosirius red polarization and fast Fourier transformation orientation index. A specially designed cryo-needle was inserted into the long axis of the hypertrophic scars and keloids so as to maximize the volume of the hypertrophic scars and keloids to be frozen. The cryo-needle was connected by an adaptor to a cryogun filled with liquid nitrogen, which was introduced into the cryoprobe, thereby freezing the hypertrophic scars and keloids. After the hypertrophic scars and keloids were completely frozen, the cryoprobe defrosted and was withdrawn.An average of 51.4 percent of scar volume reduction was achieved after one session of intralesional cryosurgery treatment (average preoperative hypertrophic scars and keloids volume, 1.82 +/- 0.33; average posttreatment volume, 0.95 +/- 0.21; p < 0.0022). Significant alleviation of objective and subjective clinical symptoms was documented. Mild pain or discomfort during and after the procedure was easily managed. Only mild local edema and epidermolysis, followed by a short reepithelialization period, were evident. During the 18-month follow-up period, there was no evidence of bleeding, infection, adverse effects, recurrence, or permanent depigmentation. The histomorphometric analysis demonstrated rejuvenation of the treated scars (i.e., parallelization) and a more organized architecture of the collagen fibers compared with the pretreated scars.This study demonstrated the increased efficacy of this method as a result of increased freezing area of deep scar material compared with that obtained with contact/spray probes. As a result, fewer treatment cycles are needed. Because the reepithelialization period is short, treatment intervals, if any, can be shortened to 2 to 3 weeks. This intralesional cryoneedle method is simple to operate and safe to use, it necessitates less postoperative care of the wound, and it can easily be added to any preexisting cryosurgical unit.     

Low-dose enalapril in the treatment of surgical cutaneous hypertrophic scar and keloid--two case reports and literature review

Hypertrophic scars and keloids are 2 forms of excessive cutaneous scarring that occur in predisposed individuals. The healing process varies greatly among patients, and the risk of a bad scar evolution is unpredictable. Keloids create disfiguring scars with associated erythema and pain or pruritus or restricted range of motion, and are a major cause of morbidity. A fortuitous observation was made by the first author of this study who, at age 54, developed an erythematous and painful postsurgical abdominal keloid scar after undergoing left colectomy for colon adenocarcinoma. Four months later, after treatment with low-dose enalapril (10 mg, once a day) for mild arterial hypertension, her keloid scar rapidly improved and she eventually made a complete recovery. second case involved a 70-year-old female with diabetes who was affected by a long-standing postsurgical abdominal keloid scar of 2 years' duration. She was intentionally treated with the same low dose of enalapril, and, after 6 months of therapy, the bad scar showed marked improvement. We conducted an exhaustive search of the literature pertaining to the wound healing process, specifically to determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have a healing effect on wounds. ACE inhibitors are known to induce reduction of left ventricular collagen content and to attenuate remodeling during the postinfarctual period (thus improving ventricular function), and they have been shown to exert a pulmonary antifibrotic effect. After conducting this literature search, it became apparent that no data on cutaneous scars and ACE inhibitors are available. During the posttraumatic or postoperative stage, it is useful to achieve the best possible aesthetic results and to decrease the risk of a disfiguring keloid scar, thereby avoiding revision surgery; to this purpose, an early treatment with a low dose of enalapril is a possible solution, even if further confirmatory observations are needed.     

胶质瘢痕对神经系统损伤的保护作用

胶质瘢痕是神经系统损伤后由反应性星形胶质细胞,小胶质细胞及其分泌的细胞外基质组成。早期的研究多集中于胶质瘢痕在抑制轴突生长,神经细胞再生等方面的作用。而最新的研究表明胶质瘢痕的形成对损伤急性期神经细胞具有重要的保护作用。本文从瘢痕组织在损伤缝合和组织重构、局部免疫调节、神经再生等方面对神经损伤的保护作用进行综述。     

驱动蛋白-1在小鼠脂肪组织糖脂代谢中的作用研究

目的:本文旨在探讨动物体内水平驱动蛋白-1在脂肪组织糖、脂代谢中的作用。方法:通过Cre/Loxp重组系统构建脂肪组织特异性敲除驱动蛋白-1的小鼠模型,在生理水平观察驱动蛋白-1表达缺陷对小鼠糖代谢、脂代谢和脂肪因子分泌的影响。结果:与六月龄对照组小鼠相比,同月龄驱动蛋白-1敲除小鼠的体重、脂肪组织重量和空腹血糖水平没有显著差异,但是其血清胰岛素水平显著升高;使用葡萄糖耐量试验(GTT)和胰岛素耐量实验(ITT)对小鼠的糖代谢水平进行评估,结果显示驱动蛋白-1敲除小鼠表现为葡萄糖不耐受、胰岛素不耐受;进一步血清检测显示驱动蛋白-1敲除小鼠表现为高甘油三酯血症和血清脂联素水平降低。结论:驱动蛋白-1在脂肪组织中参与调节糖、脂代谢过程,其表达或功能障碍是2型糖尿病等代谢性疾病的一个重要的发病因素。     

The Prevalence of Probable Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome in a Southern California Population

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of probable familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) in a major Southern California Academic Center as well as to provide a systematic review of past FCS studies and management recommendations.MethodsElectronic medical records were queried based on single fasting plasma triglyceride (TG) levels of ≥880 mg/dL and at least 1 episode of acute pancreatitis. After the exclusion of secondary causes (diabetes, alcohol misuse, gallbladder disease, chronic kidney disease, uncontrolled hypothyroidism, estrogen, and drug use) and responses to lipid-lowering treatment, probable patients with FCS were identified. A systematic review of all published literature on the prevalence and management guidelines for FCS was then presented and discussed.ResultsOut of 7 699 288 charts queried, 138 patients with TG levels of ≥880 mg/dL and documented evidence of at least 1 episode of acute pancreatitis were identified. Nine patients did not have any documented secondary causes of chylomicronemia. Four of the 9 patients had >20% decrease in TG levels after lipid-lowering treatment, 2 patients were not responsive to lipid-lowering medication, and data on lipid-lowering medications were missing in 3 patients.ConclusionOur study estimates the prevalence of probable FCS at a range of 0.26 to 0.66 per million. Using the recommended criteria, probable FCS cases can be identified to allow early diagnosis and management.     

Autologous rabbit adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of bone injuries with distraction osteogenesis

Background aimsAdipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have a higher capacity for proliferation and differentiation compared with other cell lineages. Although distraction osteogenesis is the most important therapy for treating bone defects, this treatment is restricted in many situations. The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derived MSCs and osteoblasts differentiated from adipose tissue-derived MSCs in the treatment of bone defects.MethodsBone defects were produced in the tibias of New Zealand rabbits that had previously undergone adipose tissue extraction. Tibial osteotomy was performed, and a distractor was placed on the right leg of the rabbits. The rabbits were placed in control (group I), stem cell (group II) and osteoblast-differentiated stem cell (group III) treatment groups. The rabbits were sacrificed, and the defect area was evaluated by radiologic, biomechanical and histopathologic tests to examine the therapeutic effects of adipose tissue-derived MSCs.ResultsRadiologic analyses revealed that callus density and the ossification rate increased in group III compared with group I and group II. In biomechanical tests, the highest ossification rate was observed in group III. Histopathologic studies showed that the quality of newly formed bone and the number of cells active in bone formation were significantly higher in group III rabbits compared with group I and group II rabbits.ConclusionsThese data reveal that osteoblasts differentiated from adipose tissue-derived MSCs shorten the consolidation period of distraction osteogenesis. Stem cells could be used as an effective treatment for bone defects.     

The Effect of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on the Risk of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in the Transgender Population: A Systematic Review

ObjectiveThe impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on cardiovascular (CV) health is still not entirely established. A systematic review was conducted to summarize the evidence on the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in transgender people receiving GAHT.MethodsA systematic review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, and data were searched in PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, and Scopus databases for cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies or randomized clinical trials, including transgender people receiving GAHT. Transgender men and women before and during/after GAHT for at least 2 months, compared with cisgender men and women or hormonally untreated transgender persons. Studies reporting changes in variables related to endothelial function, arterial stiffness, autonomic function, and blood markers of inflammation/coagulation associated with CV risk were included.ResultsFrom 159 potentially eligible studies initially identified, 12 were included in the systematic review (8 cross-sectional and 4 cohort studies). Studies of trans men receiving GAHT reported increased carotid thickness, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, and decreased vasodilation. Studies of trans women receiving GAHT reported decreased interleukin 6, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and tissue plasminogen activator levels and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, with variations in flow-mediated dilation and arterial stiffness depending on the type of treatment and route of administration.ConclusionsThe results suggest that GAHT is associated with an increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in transgender men but may have either neutral or beneficial effects in transgender women. The evidence produced is not entirely conclusive, suggesting that additional studies are warranted in the context of primary prevention of CV disease in the transgender population receiving GAHT.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO, identifier CRD42022323757.     

Wu-Mei-Wan prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by reducing white adipose tissue and enhancing brown adipose tissue function

BackgroundWu-Mei-Wan, a classic traditional Chinese herb medicine, is one of the most important formulations to treat digestive diseases from ancient times to the present. Our previous study showed that WMW treatment can prevent T2DM in db/db mice, which motivating the application of WMW on metabolic disorders.PurposeObesity and its comorbid diseases have increased dramatically and are now a worldwide health problem. There is still a lack of satisfactory treatment strategies for obesity. This work was designed to assess the effect and related mechanism of WMW on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice model.MethodsObese mice were induced by HFD. Thetherapeutic effect of WMW were analyzed by examining body and adipose tissue weight, metabolic profile and energy expenditure. Adipose tissue phenotype was determined by histological staining and the mitochondrial content was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining, RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate expression of key molecules in adipose tissue.ResultsWMW treatment significantly protects HFD-induced obesity. Here we showed that WMW limits weight gain, improves metabolic profile and increases energy expenditure. WMW inhibits the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white adipocytes, the mechanism involving the inhibition of TLR3/IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 pathway. In brown adipose tissue (BAT), WMW promotes thermogenicprogramme without affecting cell proliferation. The activated BMP7/ Smad1/5/9 pathway is considered to be one of the explanations for the effect of WMW on BAT.ConclusionOur results suggested that WMW can prevent obesity and its underlying mechanisms are associated with reducing white adipose tissue and enhancing brown adipose tissue function.     

壳聚糖护创敷料用于烧伤创面的治疗效果和安全性研究

目的:探讨壳聚糖护创敷料用于烧伤创面的治疗效果和安全性。方法:采用回顾性方法分析,选取中国人民解放军空降兵军医院烧伤科(本院)自2014年1月-2018年9月就诊的80例烧伤患者的临床资料,根据治疗方法分为对照组(40例,给予单纯紫草油覆盖创面)与研究组(40例,给予壳聚糖护创敷料覆盖创面),比较两组创面愈合时间、疼痛度、瘢痕生长及不同时期分泌物细菌培养阳性率。结果:研究组的创面愈合时间(18.45±4.64)及瘢痕生长评分(3.23±1.12)均低于对照组(22.45±5.23、5.34±1.23),均有显著差异(P0.05)。治疗后7 d、14 d、21 d研究组的创面疼痛度低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后3 d、7 d、14 d研究组的细菌培养阳性率低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗期间均没有出现不良事件和严重不良事件的发生。结论:壳聚糖护创敷料用于烧伤创面患者治疗中,可缩短创面愈合时间,抑菌,减少创面愈合后的瘢痕增生,从而减轻患者疼痛,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

A Literature Review of Factors Associated With Pain From Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules

ObjectiveThyroid nodules are common, being detected in 19% to 67% of the population. A fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is recommended for suspicious thyroid nodules to rule out malignancy; however, the procedure can be painful for subsets of patients. It remains unclear what factors are more likely to be associated with pain during FNAB. This literature review aimed to investigate patient-, procedure-, and analgesic-related factors that affect pain levels during thyroid nodule FNAB.MethodsPredefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were set to search the Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases. The articles evaluating the factors affecting pain during FNAB were assessed for inclusion. The primary outcome of interest was scores evaluating pain level during FNAB.ResultsTwenty-two studies were included. The studies were a mix of cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and clinical controlled trials. Under patient-related factor, nodule calcification was associated with increasing pain. The procedure-related factors potentially increasing pain included the number of needle passes and utilization of the aspiration technique (as opposed to capillary action), perpendicular needle placement (as opposed to parallel), and not using safety devices. Larger needle size, type of biopsy, operator expertise, and patient education did not appear to be correlated with pain. Subcutaneous lidocaine appeared to provide better pain relief than a topical analgesic.ConclusionWith increasing use of FNAB as the diagnostic test of choice for assessing thyroid nodules, understanding patient-, procedure-, and analgesic-related factors associated with optimal patient satisfaction is imperative.     

X-irradiation reduces lesion scarring at the contusion site of adult rat spinal cord

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in cell death and tissue destruction, and ultimately cavitation followed by the formation of lesion scars at the injury site. The lesion scars include an astrocytic component (glial scar) and a fibroblastic component (connective tissue scar). The purpose of the present study is to determine if X-irradiation could minimize the formation of lesion scars and reduce the levels of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the contusion SCI model of the adult rat. Two weeks after SCI, a connective tissue scar formed at the injury site consisting primarily of fibroblasts and exhibits strong CSPG immunoreactivity. The fibroblasts might originate from the connective tissue of pia mater or arachnoid mater. At the same time, reactive astrocytes in the spared tissue accumulate surrounding the lesion cavity to form a thick glial scar with significant enhancement of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CSPG immunoreactivity. After X-irradiation (40 Gy) of the injury site 2 days post-injury, that results in an attenuated dose to the lesion, the connective tissue scar was not observed, and accordingly, almost no CSPG immunoreactivity was detected at this area. Meanwhile, the glial scar and its CSPG immunoreactivity were prominently reduced. X-irradiation did not show significant improvement in locomotor recovery, but resulted in a slight delay of body weight recovery following injury. This preparative treatment could be used to reduce secondary scarring in the lesion resulting in an enriched site for further treatment such as growth related transplantation.     

Microarray Based Gene Expression Analysis of Murine Brown and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue: Significance with Human

BackgroundTwo types of adipose tissues, white (WAT) and brown (BAT) are found in mammals. Increasingly novel strategies are being proposed for the treatment of obesity and its associated complications by altering amount and/or activity of BAT using mouse models.ConclusionOur study provides evidence for inter species (mouse vs human) differences in differential gene expression between sWAT and BAT. Critical understanding of this data may help in development of novel ways to engineer one form of adipose tissue to another using murine model with focus on human.