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1.
报道生于豆科植物沙冬青Ammopiptanthus mongolicus上的链格孢属真菌一新种,沙冬青链格孢Alternaria ammopiptanthi。此种不同于已从豆科植物上报道的5个长喙链格孢种(复喙链格孢A.multirostrata、决明链格孢A.cassiae、猪屎豆生链格孢A.crotalariicola、瓜尔豆链格孢A.cyamopsidis和长喙链格孢A.longirostrata),主要是其分生孢子的长喙不分枝和孢身细瘦。研究过的模式标本(PSNXAAFS267852)保存在宁夏农林科学院植物病害标本室。 相似文献
2.
报道生于豆科植物沙冬青Ammopiptanthus mongolicus上的链格孢属真菌一新种,沙冬青链格孢Alternaria ammopiptanthi。此种不同于已从豆科植物上报道的5个长喙链格孢种(复喙链格孢A.multirostrata、决明链格孢A.cassiae、猪屎豆生链格孢A.crotalariicola、瓜尔豆链格孢A.cyamopsidis和长喙链格孢A.longirostrata),主要是其分生孢子的长喙不分枝和孢身细瘦。研究过的模式标本(PSNXAAFS267852)保存在宁夏农林科学院植物病害标本室。 相似文献
3.
沙冬青属(Ammopiptanthus)植物是古地中海第三纪孑遗濒危物种,包括沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mgolicus)和矮沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus nanus),主要分布在我国西北干旱、半干旱地区,其不仅具有较高的研究价值,同时对我国西北干旱地区生态环境具有十分重要的作用。近年来由于全球气候变化及人为干扰等因素,沙冬青属植物天然分布面积骤缩,濒临灭绝。本研究利用MaxEnt模型、Bioclim模型和Domain模型对沙冬青属植物在我国末次间冰期(Last Interglacial)、末次冰盛期(Last Glacial Maximum)、当代和2050年(RCP4.5和RCP8.5)4个时期气候情景下的潜在适生区进行预测。结果表明:MaxEnt模型对沙冬青属植物潜在分布区的预测具有极高的准确度,所有模型的平均受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC测试值)均高于0.80。当代沙冬青最佳及高适生区占全国总面积的2.78%,主要集中在内蒙古中部、宁夏北部和甘肃北部等地;未来沙冬青最佳及高适生区在现有分布范围呈现向外扩张的趋势,主要分布在内蒙古鄂托克旗、鄂尔多斯、阿拉善左旗、宁夏吴忠和甘肃民勒县等地。当代矮沙冬青最佳及高适生区占全国总面积的2.23%,主要集中在新疆南部;未来矮沙冬青最佳及高适生区向新疆乌恰县南部、乌鲁木齐北部移动和扩大,主要分布在新疆乌恰县、乌苏市、吐鲁番市和乌鲁木齐市。未来2050年(RCP4.5和RCP8.5)两种气候情景下沙冬青和矮沙冬青的潜在分布总面积均有所增加,与当代相比变化不明显,但不同适生等级的潜在分布面积变化较大,在更高的CO2排放量(RCP8.5)情景下沙冬青和矮冬青的最佳及高适生区范围的预测结果都将减少。从气候因素角度考虑,研究表明未来气候情景下沙冬青属植物的适生区变化过程中,年均温(Bio1)、最湿月降水量(Bio13)和温度季节性变化(Bio4)是影响沙冬青属植物分布的关键因子,并为我国西北干旱半干旱地区具有重要的经济价值并将持续其生态服务功能。 相似文献
4.
本文系作者继大戟属(Euphorbia L.)、守宫木属(Sauropus B1.)和铁苋菜属(Acalypha L.)植物上链格孢属(Alternaria Nees)真菌研究(Zhang, 1995)之后,对生于大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)其它属植物上一些链格孢真菌种级分类单位评鉴结果的后续报道.内容包括:一个新种,巴豆生链格孢(A. croronicola T. Y.Zhang & J. C. David), Macrosporium compactum Cooke:对其模式标本(holotype)进行T订正、巴豆链格孢[A.crotonis kamal,Singh & Kumar]:提出关于新模式(neotype)标本的建议;对蓖麻链格孢[A. ricini(yoshii)Hansford]典型性状作了补充描述.此外,还在大戟科其它一些植物上检查到长极链格孢[A. longissima Deighton et MacGarvie]和细极链格孢[A. tenuissima(Nees ez Fr.) Wiltshire]。 相似文献
5.
以我国重点保护的珍稀濒危植物且是西北荒漠地区唯一常绿阔叶灌木沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)为研究对象,分析异质性荒漠生境(固定沙地、半固定沙地、石质沙地、洪积砾石坡地和盐碱滩地)对沙冬青叶、茎、根、花和种子生态化学计量学特征的影响,了解其生长的适应机制和生存策略。结果表明:沙冬青各器官碳(C)含量表现为叶 > 茎 > 根 > 种子 > 花,而氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)营养元素含量均表现为种子 > 花 > 叶 > 根 > 茎,N、P、K三大营养元素在繁殖器官中的富集,可以促进沙冬青由营养生长向生殖生长的转变,反映了资源分配模式和植物生长策略。沙冬青各器官的碳氮磷钾含量和各元素化学计量比在不同生境条件下变化较复杂,其中在沙质土壤(固定和半固定沙地)具有更高的C、N、P储存能力,而K在砾质土壤(石质沙地和洪积砾石坡地)含量较高,且砾质荒漠沙冬青的C:N、C:P 及 N:P 均显著高于沙质土壤,表明沙冬青在石质沙地和洪积砾石坡地有更高的养分利用效率。各器官元素含量相关分析表明器官间的养分协同性远高于器官内部。化学计量比C:N、C:P、C:K均表现为:茎 > 根 > 叶 > 花 > 种子,N:P为根 > 叶 > 茎 > 花 > 种子,N:K为茎 > 根 > 叶 > 种子 > 花,K:P 为叶 > 根 > 种子 > 茎 > 花,各器官中的C:N和N:P比在各生境间相对较稳定,而K:P比变化巨大,N:P与P含量呈显著的负相关(P <0.05),与N含量的相关性不显著(P >0.05),说明P作为敏感性元素决定了沙冬青体内N:P比值的变化,且不同生境叶片N:P比值均大于16,说明沙冬青生长主要受P限制。器官与生境对沙冬青化学计量特征都有影响,生境对C含量和N:K、K:P的影响较大,器官对N、P、K含量及C:N、C:P、C:K、N:P的影响较大。除P元素外,各元素含量及其化学计量比均受器官和生境交互作用影响。了解植物根-茎-叶-花-种子的整体资源权衡和协变策略,为沙冬青物种资源的保护和开发提供理论依据。 相似文献
6.
蒙古沙冬青根际土壤细菌群落组成及多样性与生态因子相关性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
蒙古沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)是中国西北荒漠唯一的常绿阔叶灌木,耐干旱、抗逆性强,在水土和荒漠化防治方面发挥着重要作用。为了探究蒙古沙冬青根际微生物多样性与生态因子互作机制,采用高通量测序技术测定了26个自然种群根际土壤细菌多样性;利用冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)探讨了根际细菌群落组成和多样性与生态因子之间的关系。结果表明:蒙古沙冬青根际土壤细菌隶属于15门、43纲、68目、123科、185属;主要优势细菌群为蓝菌门(Cyanobacteria)65.74%、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)21.72%、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)6.28%(相对丰度>2%);优势菌纲为α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)17.48%、放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)4.76%、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)3.28%。RDA分析显示:生态因子能够解释蒙古沙冬青根际土壤细菌群落多样性52.69%的方差,其中年均降雨量(F=12.8,P=0.002)、纬度(F=5.1,P=0.016)、太阳辐射(F=5,P=0.02)是影响土壤细菌多样性的主要因素。研究结果可为深入认识荒漠生态系统中根际土壤细菌的群落结构和影响因素提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
为研究柴胡(Bupleurum chinense DC.)根部可培养内生真菌的多样性,分析山西省不同地区柴胡根部可培养内生真菌多样性的差异性,建立柴胡根部内生真菌库。本文以山西省不同产地的柴胡根为材料,采用传统植物组织平板分离法对柴胡根部可培养内生真菌进行分离培养和分子鉴定。从25个不同产地的柴胡样品根部中共分离培养得到705株真菌,经分子生物学鉴定,其中695株真菌归属为4门14纲23目32科55属119种。晋南地区的优势菌属为镰刀菌属(Fusarium, 32.18%)、亚隔孢壳属(Didymella, 15.96%)、曲霉属(Aspergillus, 8.24%)、异茎点霉属(Paraphoma, 6.91%)、茎点球属(Phoma, 5.32%)、链格孢属(Alternaria, 5.05%),晋北地区的优势菌属为镰刀菌属(31.66%)、曲霉属(15.36%)、链格孢属(9.09%)、亚隔孢壳属(8.15%)、异茎点霉属(7.52%),亚隔孢壳属、曲霉属、链格孢属等优势属的相对丰度差异较大;晋南地区的优势物种为Didymella bellidis(11.44%)、三线镰刀菌(Fusarium tricinctum, 7.98%)、腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani, 7.45%)、锐顶镰孢菌(Fusarium acuminatum, 5.85%)、烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus, 5.85%),晋北地区的优势物种为锐顶镰孢菌(14.11%)、烟曲霉(11.91%)、三线镰刀菌(9.40%)、菊异茎点霉(Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, 5.64%)、D. bellidis(5.64%)、链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata, 5.64%),D. bellidis、锐顶镰孢菌、烟曲霉等优势种的相对丰度差异较大。差异性分析表明晋南地区的生物多样性显著高于晋北地区,D. bellidis、锐顶镰孢菌、烟曲霉等优势种的相对丰度差异较大,为进一步研究柴胡根内生真菌相对丰度差异较大的物种及其不同菌株对柴胡皂苷积累的影响提供参考。 相似文献
8.
本文报道生于漆树科(Anacardiaceae)植物上的两个链格孢新种,-即盐肤木生链格孢(Alternaria rhoicola T.Y. Zhang et J.Z.Zhang)和陕西链格孢(A.shaanxiensis T.Y.Zhanget J.Z.Zhang);生于天南星科(Araceae)植物上的两个新种,即海芋链格孢(A.Alocasiae T.Y.Zhang et M X.Gao)和独角莲链格孢(A. typhonii T.Y.Zhang et J.Z. Zhang),及生于五加科(Araliaceae)植物上的一个中国新记录种,常春藤链格孢[A. hederae (Alm.& Cam.)P.
Joly]。新种模式标本保藏在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。 相似文献
9.
报道了内蒙古冰草属一新变种——毛稃沙芦草(Agropyron mongolicum Keng var. helinicum L.Q.Zhao et J. Yang)。该变种外稃密被长柔毛,颖光滑无毛不同于沙芦草(A. mongolicum Keng)和毛沙芦草(A. mongolicum Keng var. villosum H.L.Ying)。 相似文献
10.
本文报道链格孢属的2个新种:寄生在苦术科(Simaroubaceae)臭椿[Ailanthus altissima(Mill)Swingle]上的臭椿链格孢(Alternaria ailanthi sp nov),寄生在桦术科(Betulaceae)黑桦(Betuladahurica Pall)上的桦术链格孢(A. betulae sp nov.),2个新组合:豆链格孢[A.Azulaae (Hara)comb.Nov],蔷薇生链格孢[A. rosicola(Rao) comb. Nov]和1个新名称红花链格孢(A.Carthami-tinctoriinom nov.)。文中为新种提供了拉丁文简介、描述和图。模式标本保藏在山东农业大学植物病理标本室(HSAUP). 相似文献
11.
Alternaria fungi are important plant pathogens. Here, we identified three species new to the Japanese mycoflora: Alternaria celosiae, Alternaria crassa and Alternaria petroselini. We proposed a new name for A. celosiae (E.G. Simmons & Holcomb) Lawrence, Park & Pryor, a later homonym of A. celosiae (Tassi) O. S?vul. To characterize these and a fourth morphological taxon, Alternaria alstroemeriae, which was recently added to Japan's mycoflora, an integrated species concept was tested. We determined the host range of each isolate using inoculation tests and analysed its phylogenetic position using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA. The pathogenicity of our A. alstroemeriae isolate was strictly limited to Alstroemeria sp. (Alstroemeriaceae), but the species was phylogenetically indistinguishable from other small‐spored Alternaria. Alternaria celosiae on Celosia argentea var. plumosa (Amaranthaceae) was also pathogenic to Amaranthus tricolor, to Alternanthera paronychioides and weakly to Gomphrena globosa (all Amaranthaceae) and formed a clade with the former Nimbya celosiae. Alternaria crassa on Datura stramonium (Solanaceae) was also pathogenic to Brugmansia × candida and Capsicum annuum in Solanaceae, but not to other confamilial plants; phylogenetically it belonged to a clade of large‐spored species with filamentous beaks. Morphological similarity, phylogenetic relationship and experimental host range suggested that A. crassa, Alternaria capsici and Alternaria daturicola were conspecific. Alternaria petroselini on Petroselinum crispum (Apiaceae) was pathogenic to five species in the tribe Apieae as well as representatives of Bupleureae, Coriandreae, Seliaeae and Scandiceae in Apiaceae. Both phylogeny and morphology suggested conspecificity between A. petroselini and Alternaria selini. 相似文献
12.
13.
A new species of Ulocladium was discovered from diseased leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum and Duchesnea indica from Hunan Province of China. Morphologically, this species is very close to U. consortiale, U. cucurbitae, and U. subcucurbitae in producing narrow ellipsoid conidia at 1–3 days, but the conidial size range of this species at this stage could distinguish it from three well-known species. It also
exhibits the multiplex conidium morphology at the different growth-stages (1–3 days and 4–7 days). The results of maximum
parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic analyses of combined glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) gene and Alternaria alternata major allergen (Alt a 1) genes show that U. solani and U. subcucurbitae cluster in a unique and separate subclade with no clear affinities to a specific sistergroup, and demonstrate that the Ulocladium species group is monphyletic, but two clades of this section are recognized. Morphological features of this new species,
the sequences of the Alt a 1 and gpd gene regions, and its comparison with related species in this genus are discussed. 相似文献
14.
对供试小孢子链格孢菌株的内聚半乳糖醛酸酶(endoPG)基因进行扩增,大部分菌株都可获得PCR产物。核苷酸和氨基酸序列比较表明:不同种小孢子链格孢endoPG基因核苷酸序列存在明显差异,甚至表现在氨基酸水平,这些差异可以作为一些种如梨黑斑链格孢、长柄链格孢区分的分子性状。利用邻近结合法构建系统发育树,所有菌株被分为8个聚类组。在系统发育树上,链格孢的一些不同分离物被聚在不同组中,而细极链格孢、链格孢的部分菌株、苹果链格孢、柑橘链格孢、粗柠檬褐斑链格孢、橘树链格孢被聚为一组,显示根据形态学特征划分的这些种与分子性状的不一致性。endoPG基因核苷酸序列富于变化,为小孢子链格孢系统发育研究提供了一种有用的手段。 相似文献
15.
Fifty fungal types were isolated from the indoor atmosphere of saw mills by exposing Petri plates containing Czapek-dox Agar, Potato-dextrose Agar and Sabouraud Agar media for 5 min. The fungal flora of the outdoor surroundings was also studied for comparison. Species ofAspergilli dominated in the saw mills, being represented by 16 species including one ascosporic form. Other fungi were species ofCladosporium, Alternaria, Curvularia, Penicillium, Fusarium, etc. Variations in the fungal population in different months were also observed. Fungal spores recovered using the Rotorod Sampler wereAlternaria, Curvalaria lunata, Curvularia tetramera, Cladosporium, Dreschslera sp.,Epicoccum sp.,Pithomyes sp.,Nigrospora, Stemphylium sp. andTorula sp. Mycelial fragments and unidentifiable spores were also seen in abundance. Varying allergic responses of patients were also recorded by testing intradermally, the antigens of nineAspergilli, vizAspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. japonicus, A. melleus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. niveus, A. tammarii and A. terreus. 相似文献
16.
Fifty fungal types were isolated from the indoor atmosphere of saw mills by exposing Petri plates containing Czapek-dox Agar,
Potato-dextrose Agar and Sabouraud Agar media for 5 min. The fungal flora of the outdoor surroundings was also studied for
comparison. Species ofAspergilli dominated in the saw mills, being represented by 16 species including one ascosporic form. Other fungi were species ofCladosporium, Alternaria, Curvularia, Penicillium, Fusarium, etc. Variations in the fungal population in different months were also observed. Fungal spores recovered using the Rotorod
Sampler wereAlternaria, Curvalaria lunata, Curvularia tetramera, Cladosporium, Dreschslera sp.,Epicoccum sp.,Pithomyes sp.,Nigrospora, Stemphylium sp. andTorula sp. Mycelial fragments and unidentifiable spores were also seen in abundance. Varying allergic responses of patients were
also recorded by testing intradermally, the antigens of nineAspergilli, vizAspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. japonicus, A. melleus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. niveus, A. tammarii and A. terreus. 相似文献
17.
New species of Alternaria from Marathwada (India) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary The paper deals with two new species ofAlternaria, Alternaria nyctanthi onNyctanthes arbortristis
Linn. andAlternaria tropaeoli onTropaeolum majus L. 相似文献
18.
Inheritance and genetic mapping of resistance to Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici in Lycopersicon pennellii 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Erik A. van der Biezen Tatyana Glagotskaya Bert Overduin H. John J. Nijkamp Jacques Hille 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1995,247(4):453-461
The fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici produces AAL-toxins that function as chemical determinants of the Alternaria stem canker disease in the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). In resistant cultivars, the disease is controlled by the Asc locus on chromosome 3. Our aim was to characterize novel sources of resistance to the fungus and of insensitivity to the host-selective AAL-toxins. To that end, the degree of sensitivity of wild tomato species to AAL-toxins was analyzed. Of all members of the genus Lycopersicon, only L. cheesmanii was revealed to be sensitive to AAL-toxins and susceptible to fungal infection. Besides moderately insensitive responses from some species, L. pennellii and L. peruvianum were shown to be highly insensitive to AAL-toxins as well as resistant to the pathogen. Genetic analyses showed that high insensitivity to AAL-toxins from L. pennellii is inherited in tomato as a single complete dominant locus. This is in contrast to the incomplete dominance of insensitivity to AAL-toxins of L. esculentum. Subsequent classical genetics, RFLP mapping and allelic testing indicated that high insensitivity to AAL-toxins from L. pennellii is conferred by a new allele of the Asc locus. 相似文献
19.
Alternaria brasiliensis sp. nov., was isolated from leaves of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., showing punctiform non concentric leaf spots of
brown color. Besides the symptomatological differences, the new Alternaria species presents distinct type of arrangement of conidia chain, body and beak size. The disease was observed in Montanha
county, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, but not yet reported in the literature. The causal agent of the disease is now described
by the first time. The epithet used here is referring to the country where the species has been found.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献