树Qu排尿的昼夜节律及其在视交叉上核损毁后的变化

显探讨树Ｑｕ视交叉上核是否参与泌尿昼夜节律的调控,对正常树Ｑｕ及视交叉上核损毁后的树Ｑｕ排尿的昼夜时间规律进行了观测分析。结果表明,正常树Ｑｕ排尿呈现明显的昼夜节律－－白天尿量为全天尿量的（８８．５２±１５．０４）％;视交叉上核损毁后,树Ｑｕ排尿的昼夜节律明显改变－白天尿量仅为全天尿量的（６２．８６±１８．１８）％,同时树Ｑｕ的尿量（特别是夜间的尿量）明显增多。以上结果说明视交叉上核在树Ｑｕ体内也     

树尿中皮质醇浓度的昼夜节律及其在视交叉上核损毁后的变化

用放射免疫方法对连续采集的正常树及视交叉上核损毁树尿中的皮质醇进行了测定,以分析其尿中皮质醇浓度及排泄量的昼夜变动规律。结果表明,正常树尿中皮质醇的浓度及单位时间内的排泄量均具有明显的昼夜节律,在一天中,１１００前后的浓度最高,０００前后的浓度最低,前者约为后者的８倍。视交叉上核损毁后,树皮质醇的这种昼夜节律消失,说明视交叉上核在树中也是机体昼夜节律重要的振荡器。     

树Qu尿中皮质醇浓度的昼夜节律及其在视交叉上核损毁后的变化

用放射免疫方法对连续采集的正常树Ｑｕ及视交叉上核损毁树Ｑｕ尿中的皮质醇进行了测定,以分析其尿中皮质醇浓度及排泄量的昼夜变化规律,结果表明,正常树Ｑｕ尿中皮质醇的浓度及单位时间内在排泄均具有明显的昼夜节律,在一天中,１１：００前后的浓度最高,０：００前后的浓度最低,前者约为８倍,视交叉上核损毁后,树Ｑｕ皮质醇的这种昼夜节律消失,说明视交叉上核在树Ｑｕ中也是机体昼夜节律重要的振荡器。     

6—8周龄Wistar大白鼠血清谷丙转氨酶的抽样测试与统计分析

对６～８周龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大白鼠随机抽样，♂１３６只，♀１３７只，眼底静脉丛抽血，用赖氏法测血清谷丙转氨酶，按统计学原理进行统计，并对总体正常值范围估计。结果，♂：Ｘ±Ｓ＝４０１３±１４１３，μ±ＳＸ＝４０１３±１２１，μ的可信区间估计为３７７２～４２５４（９５％可信度）和３６９５～４３３１）９９％可信度，正常值范围估计为１３～６９（含９５％总体）和９～７７（含９９％总体）；♀：Ｘ±Ｓ＝３８１６±１５５１，μ±ＳＸ＝３８１６±１３３，μ的可信区间估计为３５５３～４０７９（９５％可信度）和３４６８～４１６４（９９％可信度），正常值范围估计为９～７０（含９５％总体）和６～８１（含９９％总体），单位均为卡门氏单位，性别间无显著性差异。     

6—8周龄Wistar大白鼠血清尿素氮的抽样测试与统计分析

为提供大白鼠血清尿素氮正常值范围的参考，该文对６～８周龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大白鼠随机抽样，♀，♂各１３１只，眼底静脉丛取血，用二乙酰肟法测血清尿素氮，按统计学原理进行统计，并对总体正常值范围估计。结果，♂：ｘ±ｓ＝１２２３±３３０μ±Ｓｘ＝１２２３±０２９，μ的可信区间估计为１１６５～１２８１（９５％可信度）和１１５５～１２９１（９９％可信度），正常值范围估计为６４～１９３（含９５％总体）和５１～２１７（含９９％总体）；♀：ｘ±ｓ＝１３３５±３１０，μ±Ｓｘ＝１３３５±０２７，μ的可信区间估计１２８１～１３８９（９５％可信度）和１２７１～１３９９（９９％可信度），正常值范围估计为７４～１９２（含９５％总体）和５８～２１４（含９９％总体），单位均为ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，性别间有显著性差异。结果可作为科研，教学等的大白鼠血清尿素氮正常值的参考。     

褪黑素对大鼠下丘脑薄片视交叉上核神经元放电昼夜节律性的调制

先用持续光照和松果腺切除预处理大鼠,然后制成下丘脑薄片,记录其视交叉上核（ＳＣＮ）神经元自发放电,观察其昼夜变化和褪黑素（ＭＥＬ）对它的影响。实验结果表明：⑴在正常光照（光照：黑暗＝１２：１２）条件下,ＳＣＮ神经元自发放电频率呈现昼夜低的节律性。在昼夜时间（ＣＴ）６－８出现放电高峰,频率约为８．３Ｈｚ;在ＣＴ１８－２０出现低谷,频率约为３．８Ｈｚ。松果腺切除后,ＳＣＮ神经元自发放电的昼夜节律性基本     

鳖血生化指标,氨基酸和矿物元素含量的测定

对鳖血进行了１０项生化指标测定。结果表明：乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶分别为人的２４８和３１０倍,似与其长时间适应水底栖息或活动的需要有关;其甘油三酯和胆固醇含量却分别为人的０３４和０４２倍。测定了１８种氨基酸,其总量为（７６２７±２１５１）ｍｇ／１００ｍｇ样品,人体所需氨基酸均有,８种必需氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量的（４５８３±８７３）％。测定了１８种矿物元素,与生长发育关系密切的铁、锌、铜、锰、铬等微量元素均含有。结果提示：作为功能食品,这种鳖具有良好的开发前景。     

大鼠视上核区和室旁核区内注射6-羟基多巴胺对蓝斑核刺激效应的影响

本工作在横断颈髓的实验组(15只)和对照组(9只)大鼠的视上核(SON)区、室旁核(PVN)区内分别微量注入6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)和它的配药液后,观察对蓝斑核(LC)刺激效应的影响。结果如下:(1)刺激LC时,两组均出现缓慢的升压反应,大约持续3—4min。对照组和实验组平均升压值各为17.56±1.95mmHg和12.13±1.09mmHg,两组有明显的差异(P<0.05)。(2)在刺激LC后3—4min内,对照组尿量平均减少3.64±1.45μl/min,比刺激前明显减少(P<0.05),但实验组仅减少0.30±0.19μl/min,与刺激前相比无明显差(P>0.50)。两组平均尿量减少值差异非常显著(P<0.01)。以上结果表明,用6-OHDA损毁SON区和PVN区去甲肾上腺素能神经末梢后,LC刺激效应明显减弱,这提示刺激LC可能通过它的去甲肾上腺素能神经纤维引起抗利尿激素的释放。     

P物质对GABAA和GABAB受体介导的DRG神经元膜反应的调制作用

实验在幼年大鼠ＤＲＧ标本上进行。应用细胞内记录观察了ＳＰ对ＧＡＢＡ反应的调制作用。结果证明：（１）单独滴加ＳＰ（５×１０（－６）－４×１０（－５）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）或浴槽灌流ＳＰ（１０（－６）－５×１０（－６）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）不引起膜电位的改变或仅有轻微的去极化,但却能使ＧＡＢＡ引起的去极化反应减小５０．８±２０．２％（±ＳＤ）（２０／３０）;（２）单独滴加ＳＰ可使多数受检细胞ＡＰＤ５０延长２８．７±９．１％（±ＳＤ）（１０／１８）;（３）在预加ＳＰ后,能使ｂａｃｌｏｆｅｎ所引起的ＡＰＤ５０缩短效应（２０．６±２．９％,±ＳＤ）完全消除（４／１２）或翻转成ＡＰＤ（５０）延长１９．３±８．９％（±ＳＤ）（８／１２）;（４）预加ＧＡＢＡＢ受体激动剂ｂａｃｌｏｆｅｎ（１０（－４）－１０（－３）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）３０—９０ｓ后明显地抑制ｍｕｓｃｉｍｏｌ（１０－４－１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）引起的去极化反应,其抑制效应达５４．４±１８．８％（±ＳＤ）（１７／２０）。由于ＤＲＧ神经元的胞体通常可用来作为研究初级传入终末的模型,因而本文实验结果提示：介导伤害性刺激信息的Ｐ物质在背角的释放,可能作用于初级传入终末,从而产生对抗ＧＡＢＡ介导的突触     

海马内NA能神经损毁对抗急性低氧诱发皮质酮分泌

本工作观察了６羟多巴胺（６ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｄｏｐａｍｉｎｅ,６ＯＨＤＡ）损毁大鼠腹侧海马去甲肾上腺素能神经对急性低氧诱发皮质酮分泌的影响。结果显示,吸入１０４％Ｏ２３０ｍｉｎ后血浆皮质酮水平显著升高,６ＯＨＤＡ注入腹侧海马致使海马内去甲肾上腺素（ＮＡ）含量降低（－３８５％）;血浆皮质酮水平也较未损毁组为低（－３３２％）。吸入１０４％Ｏ２后,皮质酮对低氧刺激的反应性升高现象消失。结果提示：海马内ＮＡ可能参与急性低氧应激引发血浆皮质酮分泌的调节活动。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.