中国毛锦藓科植物增补

在对毛锦藓科的分类学修订中,我们报道3个种和1变种在中国的新分布记录,它们是：外弯小锦藓Brotherella recurvans、纤枝疣胞藓Clastobryum cuculligerum、海岛麻锦藓Taxithelium liukiuense、扭尖金枝藓阔叶变种Trismegistia calderensis var. rigida。这些新记录物种的标本分别采自海南、香港和云南。     

Three new species of Annulatascus (Ascomycetes) from Hong Kong freshwater habitats

 Annulatascus joannae, A. lactus, and A. tropicalis are described and illustrated from decaying woody substrata in freshwater habitats in Hong Kong. Annulatascus joannae is distinguished by ellipsoidal and thick-walled ascospores whereas A. lacteus has milky ascomata and A. tropicalis has relatively large, fusiform, 1–3-septate ascospores. Annulatascus biatriisporus is reported as a new record in Hong Kong. A key to and a synoptic table of Annulatascus species are provided. Received: December 14, 2001 / Accepted: July 5, 2002 Acknowledgments C.K.M. Tsui and V.M. Ranghoo are grateful to The University of Hong Kong for the award of postgraduate studentships. A.Y.P. Lee, M.H. Ng, and M.Y. Chan are thanked for photographic and technical assistance. Correspondence to:C.K.M. Tsui     

香港茜草科植物新记录

查阅馆藏植物标本,有3种茜草科植物：丹草（Hedyotis herbacea）、小耳草（H.pumila）和蕴璋耳草（Scleromitrion koanum）为香港新记录。这些资料为香港的生物多样性工作提供了基础数据。     

Rodent Diversity in a Highly Degraded Tropical Landscape: Hong Kong, South China

The diverse ecological roles played by different rodent species mean that the loss of some species and superabundance of others could potentially influence a wide range of ecological processes. Hong Kong (22° N, 114° E), with seven million people in a land area of 1100 km², could be considered a `worst case scenario' for the survival of mammalian diversity. Existing information on rodents in Hong Kong was compiled from previous published and unpublished studies, and additional trapping was conducted at 17 non-urban sites. The rodent fauna of modern Hong Kong consists of eight species of rats and mice (Bandicota indica, Mus caroli, M. musculus, Niviventer fulvescens, Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus, R. tanezumi, R. sikkimensis: Muridae), one porcupine (Hystrix brachyura: Hystricidae), and one recently introduced tree squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus: Sciuridae). Six of the murids are urban or agricultural commensals, so only the porcupine and two murids, N. fulvescens and R. sikkimensis, are likely survivors of Hong Kong's pre-deforestation native rodent fauna. The two murids co-dominate in forest and shrubland, but can also move through grassland, which has probably enabled their survival through repeated cycles of fragmentation and regrowth. Additional forest rodents that may have inhabited Hong Kong in the past are tentatively identified from information on their recent distributions in the region. One possible ecological consequence of Hong Kong's depleted rodent fauna is a shift in the balance between seed predation and seed dispersal, in favor of the former.     

Cocoicola livistonicola, sp. nov., and notes onCocoicola cylindrospora from palms

Cocoicola livistonicola, a new species from senescent petioles ofLivistona chinensis in Hong Kong, is described. It differs from previously reportedCocoicola species in having differently shaped ascospores. Notes onCocoicola cylindrospora which was recently collected onCocos nucifera in the Seychelles are also provided.     

Lignocellulolytic enzyme profiles of edible mushroom fungi

One of the most economically-viable processes for the bioconversion of many types of lignocellulosic wastes is represented by edible mushroom cultivation. Lentinula edodes, Volvariella volvacea and Pleurotus sajor-caju are three important commercially cultivated mushrooms which exhibit varying abilities to utilise different lignocellulosics as growth substrate. Examination of the lignocellulolytic enzyme profiles of the three species show this diversity to be reflected in qualitative variations in the major enzymic determinants (i.e. cellulases, ligninases) required for substrate bioconversion. For example, L. edodes, which is cultivated on highly lignified substrates such as wood or sawdust, produces two extracellular enzymes which have been associated with lignin depolymerisation in other fungi, (manganese peroxidase and laccase). Conversely, V. volvacea, which prefers high cellulose-, low lignin-containing substrates produces a family of cellulolytic enzymes including at least five endoglucanases, five cellobiohydrolases and two -glucosidases, but none of the recognised lignin-degrading enzymes.J.A. Buswell, Y.J. Cai, S.T. Chang, J.F. Peberdy and S.Y. Fu are with the Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. J.A. Buswell and S.T. Chang are also with the Centre for International Services to Mushroom Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. J.F. Peberdy is also with the Department of Life Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom. S.Y. Fu is also with, and H.-s. Yu is with the Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Guangzhou, China.     

香港鹅耳枥(桦木科)的群落特征

为保护香港特有植物香港鹅耳枥,基于典型样地调查,对香港鹅耳枥所在群落进行了研究。结果表明,在225 m2的样地内,有维管植物37科66属68种。建群种为香港鹅耳枥,个体高度最高3 m,所在群落植株平均高度0.92 m,分层不明显。位于中国香港岛的香港鹅耳枥处于衰退状态,小个体极少。因此,建议采取就地保护和迁地保护措施,以重建种群。     

Purification and properties of β-amylase from Bacillus circulans S31

A thermotolerant -amylase was purified from Bacillus circulans S31 isolated from soil in Hong Kong. The purified enzyme has an M _r of 64 kDa and was stable at 50°C and pH 7.0 for 30 min. Its K _m for starch was 0.9 mg/ml with a V _max of 0.3 mg/min. It was not activated by any metal ion although sulphydrys reagents were inhibitory.H.S. Kwan, K.H. So and K.Y. Chan are with the Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong S.C. Cheng is with the Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.     

Microfungi on the Pandanaceae:Polytretophora macrospora sp. nov.

Polytretophora macrospora is introduced based on specimens from two species ofPandanus in Seychelles. The new species is compared with currently accepted species. A key and a comparative synopsis toPolytetophora species are provided. Numerous specimens ofP. calcarata, collected on members of the Pandanaceae from Australia, Fiji, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Caledonia, Palau, Philippines, Seychelles and Solomon Islands are also reported, along withP. dendroidea onPandanus sp. from Malaysia.     

New species of Solanum and Capsicum (Solanaceae) from Bolivia, with clarification of nomenclature in some Bolivian Solanum

Nine new species ofSolanum and two ofCapsicum are described from Bolivia. Notes are provided on some other species, including the complex typification ofSolanum aridum.Capsicum caballeroi, C. ceratocalyx, Solanum chalmersii, S. clandestinum, S. comarapanum, S. complectens, S. monanthemon, S. moxosense, S. pedemontanum, S. saturatum, andS. whalenii are described and illustrated, and a new name,S. scuticum, is proposed for the species previously known asS. tabacifolium.     

Dactylospora mangrovei sp. nov. (Discomycetes, ascomycota) from mangrove wood

A new speciesDactylospora mangrovei is described and illustrated and compared withD. haliotrepha andD. canariensis, all marine inhabiting species.Dactylospora haliotrepha andD. mangrovei are tropical/sub-tropical mangrove species collected in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan and Thailand, whileD. canariensis was described from temperate waters. A map of the geographical distribution of the three marineDactylospora species is presented.     

A description of the first intact Dwarf Sperm whale from the South China Sea and a review of documented specimens of the Kogiidae (Cetacea) from Hong Kong

Reports of the Dwarf Sperm whale (Kogia sima) in Chinese waters exist only for four specimens, which stranded along the coast of the East China Sea. Records of this species in the South China Sea consist of one skull noted as present in a Vietnamese ‘whale temple’. Recently recognized material in the biological sciences building of the University of Hong Kong, confirms the presence of both the Dwarf (K. sima) and the Pygmy (K. breviceps) Sperm whales in Hong Kong. In addition, close examination of Hong Kong stranding records reveals that of the four specimens identified as K. breviceps one is, in fact, K. sima. A comparison of the Hong Kong material, the holotype of K. sima and other Asian specimens of Kogia spp. affirms that most of the features already used elsewhere to distinguish the two species are reliable.     

毛锦藓科中国新记录种——卷边麻锦藓

报道了产自广西的毛锦藓科1中国新记录种——卷边麻锦藓[Taxithelium kerianum(Broth.)Broth.],提供了该种详细的形态描述和图版,并编制了麻锦藓属的分种检索表,明确了卷边麻锦藓与中国分布的麻锦藓属其它种类之间的形态差别。该种主要分布在南亚及其附近地区,为典型的热带藓类。     

Diversity and abundance of nematode-trapping fungi from decaying litter in terrestrial, freshwater and mangrove habitats

Nematode-trapping fungi are ubiquitous in terrestrial habitats in dung, soils, litter and woody debris and they also occur in freshwater, but only one species has been found in marine habitats. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate whether nematode-trapping fungi occurred in mangrove habitats. To achieve this we assessed the diversity of nematode-trapping fungi on decaying litter from mangroves, freshwater and terrestrial habitats (22 sites) in Hong Kong. Composite samples (n = 1,320) of decaying litter (wood and leaves) were examined and a total of 31 species of nematode-trapping fungi belonging to four genera, Arthrobotrys, Monacrosporium, and Dactylella were recorded. Twenty-nine species reported in this study are new records for Hong Kong and 16 species are new records from mangrove habitats worldwide. Nematode trapping fungi are therefore present in marine environments. Commonly encountered taxa were Arthrobotrys oligospora and Monacrosporium thaumasium which are abundant in all habitats. A. oligospora, M. thaumasium and Arthrobotrys musiformis were frequent (F > 10%). Twenty-six species were rare (0.16–9.32%). Species richness and diversity was higher in terrestrial than in freshwater and mangrove habitats (ANOVA, P < 0.001). A higher mean diversity was observed on decaying leaves as compared to decaying wood in all habitats (P < 0.001). Based on Shannon diversity index, it was also observed that taxa characterized by adhesive nets were more frequent in all habitats. This can be explained by the fact that these taxa may have a better competitive saprotrophic ability which would allow them to compete favourably in nutrient limited environments. Abiotic factors that could be linked to differences in species diversity between decaying wood and leaves are also discussed.     

New species and records of Stigmaeidae (Acari: Prostigmata) from New Zealand - ID. Genus Stigmaeus Koch

Abstract

Stigmaeus arboricola, S. montanus, S. luxtoni, and S. novazealandicus are described as new species, and the larva of S. loadmani is described. Several new records are noted, and a key is given to the New Zealand species of Stigmaeus.     

THE GENUS TRAPANIA (NUDIBRANCHIA: GONIODORIDIDAE) IN THE INDO-WEST PACIFIC

Seven new species of the nudibranch genus Trapania Pruvot-Fol,1931 (Goniodorididae) are described from the Indo-West Pacificand an eighth species, T. japonica (Baba, 1935), originallydescribed from one preserved specimen from Japan, is redescribedfrom specimens collected in Hong Kong and tropical eastern Australia.Three of the new species are from temperate south-eastern Australiaand one from tropical eastern Australia. Two species are knownonly from Hong Kong and a third is recorded from the SudaneseRed Sea as well as Hong Kong. Only ten other species of Trapania have been described, sixof those from Europe, and one each from Brazil, California,Japan and New Zealand. The anatomy and external colour patternof these species is compared with that of the seven new species. (Received 12 December 1986;     

Revision of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Heterosavia</Emphasis>, stat. nov., with notes on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gonatogyne</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Savia</Emphasis> (Phyllanthaceae)

Heterosavia (Phyllanthaceae) is segregated from Savia (tribe Bridelieae), recognized at generic rank, and placed in tribe Phyllantheae. Floral, fruit, leaf anatomical, leaf venation, and pollen characters of the neotropical taxa previously united as Savia including Gonatogyne are discussed and illustrated. Keys to the three genera and to the species of Heterosavia are presented. Four species (all new combinations), Heterosavia bahamensis, H. erythroxyloides, H. laurifolia, and H. maculata, are recognized. The new combinations Heterosavia laurifolia var. intermedia and H. maculata var. clementis are proposed. The names Heterosavia, H. erythroxyloides, H. laurifolia, Savia clementis, S. clusiifolia, S. clusiifolia var. fallax, and S. longipes are lectotypified. Distribution maps and conservation assessments (IUCN ratings) of Heterosavia species and varieties are provided.     

Figs (Ficus,Moraceae) in Urban Hong Kong,South China1

Hong Kong (22°N) is on the northern margins of the Asian tropics and has a native fig flora of 24 species. A total of 3.4 km² of the urban area on Hong Kong Island was surveyed for spontaneous and planted fig plants of reproductive size. The 1124 individuals included 14 species in four subgenera: seven native species (F. fistulosa, F. hirta, F. hispida, F. microcarpa, F. pumila, F. subpisocarpa, and F. variegata), four of which were sometimes planted, one probably native (F. virens), one naturalizing species (F. religiosa), and five exotic species that occurred only in cultivation, two of which (F. altissima, F. rumphii) are pollinated and produce viable seeds. The native species in the two most common subgenera form distinct ecological guilds: those in subgenus Sycomorus bear large, many‐seeded, green or yellow figs and are bat‐dispersed pioneers on exposed soil; those in subgenus Urostigma bear small, few‐seeded, dark‐purple figs and are largely bird‐dispersed and epilithic. The density of potentially fruiting fig plants in the study area (2.3/ha) was within the range reported for tropical forests and between them they were visited by the entire urban frugivore fauna. This study shows the importance of the urban fig flora to urban wildlife and also highlights the risk of cultivated Ficus species becoming invasive, despite their obligate species‐specific pollinator mutualisms.