紫细菌光合反应中心中细菌脱镁叶绿素被置换后的光 …

采用新型表面活性剂ＬＤＡＯ,结合ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素层析法,我们提纯了紫细菌６０１的光合反应中心,在一定温度和丙酮的协同作用下,外加的植物脱镁叶绿素ａ可取代反应中心细菌脱镁叶绿素,形成含有脱镁叶绿素ａ的紫细菌光合反应中心。     

植物脱镁叶绿素替代RS601反应中心中的细菌脱镁叶绿素的研究

在一定的温度和丙酮的协同作用下,植物脱镁叶绿素a可置换紫细菌RS601光合反应中心的细菌脱镁叶绿素而形成含有植物脱镁叶绿素的紫细菌光合反应中心(简称Phe a RC).当协同作用15和60min时,反应中心的细菌脱镁叶绿素分别被替代了50%和71%.在Phe a RC中,细菌脱镁叶绿素的QX(537nm)和QY(758nm)特征峰显著下降,而出现植物脱镁叶绿素的QX(509/542nm)和QY(674nm)特征峰.排除温度和丙酮的影响,替代时间为15或60min的Phe a RC的光化学活性分别为对照的78%或71%,其电化学特性也有所变化.     

去镁叶绿素置换细菌去镁叶绿素对紫细菌反应中心皮秒荧光的影响

选择５９７ｎｍ作为激发波长,探测范围为６００～９００ｎｍ的荧光特性,分析了天然反应中心和两种去镁叶绿素置换的紫细菌反应中心的荧光发射光谱。借助细菌叶绿素、细菌去镁叶绿素和植物去镁叶绿素的荧光光谱,对相关组分进行了归类。实验结果表明,选择性地置换细菌去镁叶绿素影响了荧光光谱的组成。在天然反应中心,ＢｐｈｅＢ置换的反应中心和ＢｐｈｅＡ,Ｂ置换的反应中心中可分别解析到４、３和２个荧光发射组分。研究肯定荧     

温州蜜柑叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光对低温的响应

研究了低温对温州蜜柑叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光的影响,结果表明：（１）８℃低温处理１１８ｈ对气体交换和叶绿纱荧光影响不大。（２）２℃低温处理１５ｈ后,净光合速率（Ｐｎ）、气孔导度（Ｇｓ）,羧化效应（ＣＥ）下降,胞间ＣＯ２浓度（Ｃｉ）升高,表观量子效率（ＡＱＹ）和叶绿素荧光参数ＦＱ及Ｖｖ／Ｆｍ没有显著变化。（３）室外自然低温处理作７ｄ,Ｐｎ、Ｇｓ、ＣＥ饱和ＣＯ２光合速率、ＡＱＹ及Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ显著下降,Ｃ     

去镁叶绿素置换细菌去镁叶绿素对紫细菌反应中心皮秒荧光的影响

选择597 nm作为激发波长,探测范围为600～900 nm的荧光特性,分析了天然反应中心和两种去镁叶绿素置换的紫细菌反应中心的荧光发射光谱.借助细菌叶绿素、细菌去镁叶绿素和植物去镁叶绿素的荧光光谱,对相关组分进行了归类.实验结果表明选择性地置换细菌去镁叶绿素影响了荧光光谱的组成.在天然反应中心、BpheB置换的反应中心和BpheA,B置换的反应中心中可分别解析到4、3和2个荧光发射组分.研究肯定荧光发射组分与去镁叶绿素的结合存在对应关系.实验还分别在686.4、674.1和681.1 nm处测定了不同反应中心内的原初电子供体P的激发态通过荧光衰减的过程,观测到衰减动力学上的差异.说明去镁叶绿素置换影响了细菌反应中心内激发光能传递和原初光化学反应过程.     

不产氧光合细菌光合色素的光氧调控机制

[目的]为不产氧光合细菌光合色素研究提供可行的较系统规范的研究方法和数据,揭示固氮红细菌(Rhodobacter azotoformans 134K20)光合色素光氧适应性机制.[方法]采用光谱法和色谱法对光和氧调控下的类胡萝卜素和细菌叶绿素合成代谢进行了研究.[结果]134K20菌株光照好氧时细胞得率最高.光照厌氧时主要合成3黄、1红、1紫、2绿、2蓝9种色素,黄色素大量表达.有氧时红色素大量表达,且启动2种新的红色素和1种新的紫色素表达,而黄色和蓝绿色素则受氧抑制.黑暗好氧主要合成2黄、3红、2紫、1绿、1蓝9种色素,但不同于光照厌氧.光照好氧时黄色素减少到1种,紫色素含量增加,其余同黑暗好氧.[结论]固氮红细菌(Rhodobacter azotoformans 134K20)是通过PpsR调节途径来调节光合基因表达的.黄色和红色素属于类胡萝卜素.黄色素1属于球形烯系列,其余两种黄色素是新的类胡萝卜素组分.红色素为新的球形烯酮组分,3种红色素极性、峰形和峰位差别显著,正己烷能显示其精细结构.紫色为极性较大的细菌脱镁叶绿素,绿色和蓝色为4种极性不同的细菌叶绿素a中间产物.乙醚甲醇法适合类胡萝卜素的提取,丙酮甲醇冰冻研磨法能快速有效完全提取光合色素.溶剂效应可有效鉴别细菌叶绿素a中间产物.     

镁对缺血后再灌注心肌线粒体的影响

大鼠等容心脏制备经低血流缺血６０ｍｉｎ后复灌３０ｍｉｎ。组（２）灌注液中镁浓度始终为１．２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,而组（３）及组（１）则于缺血期分别换用１５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ或无镁灌注淮。结果表明,高镁对心肌线粒体Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性,合成ＡＴＰ能力具明显保护作用,并减轻了钙超载现象,部分地防止缺血后再灌注损伤。     

光合细菌H3菌株色素分析

H3菌株系由盐田微生物层中分离获得的光合细菌株。具有丰富的天然色素。经活细胞色素光谱吸收峰值测定,色素经有机溶剂提取、硅胶薄板层析、SDS－PAGE电泳等,结果表明H3菌株的主要色素包括细菌叶绿素a、细菌脱镁叶绿素（Bacteriophaeophytin）和三种类胡萝卜素。总胡萝卜素含量占细胞于重的0．6％,胡萝卜素蛋白复合体的分子量约11,000.培养条件的差异对色素形成及相对含量有不同程度的影响。     

利用TMV—U1作为载体表达鼠肝炎病毒S糖蛋白片段

为了验证转基因烟草中表达的外壳蛋白（ＣＰ）能够重新包被侵入的烟草花叶病毒（ＴＭＶ）的假设,利用抗原表位标记的方法观察ＣＰ亚单位在病毒５′端的交换。通过ＰＣＲ 方法将来源于鼠肝炎病毒（ＭＨＶ） Ｓ蛋白的两个小肽段（１１ ａ．ａ．和１５ ａ．ａ．）的ＤＮＡ序列分别插入ＴＭＶ－Ｕ１ ＣＰ基因邻近３′端的两个位点,并构建了带有外源序列的ＴＭＶ 侵染克隆Ｖ９ （１１ ａ．ａ．）和Ｅ１５ （１５ ａ．ａ．）。通过体外转录反应,得到Ｖ９ ＲＮＡ 及Ｅ１５ ＲＮＡ。突变病毒ＲＮＡ 侵染烟草（Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａ ｔａｂａｃｕｍ ）后表现不同特性。Ｖ９ 和Ｅ１５ 侵染ＸａｎｔｈｉＮＮ烟草后同野生型ＴＭＶ一样产生枯斑。但是,当它们侵染Ｘａｎｔｈｉｎｎ 烟草时,Ｖ９ 产生同侵染ＸａｎｔｈｉＮＮ 烟草相同的枯斑,而Ｅ１５的特性同ＴＭＶ－Ｕ１几乎完全相同,能对Ｘａｎｔｈｉｎｎ 烟草进行系统侵染并在叶片中聚集大量的带有外源片段的外壳蛋白,而且病毒的结构极其稳定。Ｖ９ 和Ｅ１５ 特性的差异可能是由于外源片段在外壳蛋白中存在位置的不同影响了外壳蛋白的结构所致     

蚕豆叶片下表皮ABA结合蛋白提取及分离条件的选择

以蚕豆（ＶｉｃｉａｆａｂａＬ．）叶片下表皮为材料,比较ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ１００、冷丙酮和（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４对ＡＢＡ结合蛋白（简称ＡＢＡＢＰ）的提取效果。结果表明：０．５％（Ｗ／Ｖ）ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ１００去垢剂提取的ＡＢＡＢＰ与ＡＢＡ特异结合活性较高（０．４８７ｎｍｏｌ／ｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ）,维持结合活性的时间较长（４℃下反应４０ｈ保持最大结合的６０％）;而冷丙酮法提取的ＡＢＡＢＰ特异结合活性只有０．３２５ｎｍｏｌ／ｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,且容易失活,１０ｈ仅保持最大结合的３０％左右。实验比较了各种盐离子对ＡＢＡＢＰ的影响,高盐（＞３００ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ）不利于ＡＢＡＢＰ的结合反应,低浓度ＫＣｌ对ＡＢＡＢＰ活性略有促进。ＡＢＡＢＰ的结合活性需要介质中有一定量的Ｃａ２＋和Ｍｇ２＋,用ＥＤＴＡ螯合介质中Ｍｇ２＋、Ｃａ２＋后,ＡＢＡＢＰ活性大大降低,分别为最大结合的７５％和６０％。ＡＢＡＢＰ与ＡＢＡ反应的最适ｐＨ在６．５,这些条件为亲和层析纯化ＡＢＡＢＰ提供了依据。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.