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1.
Kazumi Hosoya Hiroshi Ashiwa Masakazu Watanabe Ken-ya Mizuguchi Toshio Okazaki 《Ichthyological Research》2003,50(1):0001-0008
Two biological types of Japanese dark chub, so-called types A and B of Zacco temminckii, were taxonomically inspected. A comparison of types A and B with the lectotypes of Leuciscus sieboldii and L. temminckii in Siebold's collection revealed that type A is identical to L. sieboldii, whereas type B matches L. temminckii. Hence, Zacco sieboldii and Z. temminckii were redescribed on the basis of the lectotype and additional specimens from Japan. Zacco sieboldii is distinguishable from Z. temminckii by having a narrower band on the anterior portion of both body sides, nine branched rays of anal fin (10 in Z. temminckii), lateral line scales not less than 53 (not more than 52 in Z. temminckii), and scales above lateral line not less than 13 (not more than 11 in Z. temmincki). A key to the species of Japanese Zacco is also provided.
Received: August 15, 1999 / Revised: July 25, 2002 / Accepted: August 19, 2002
Acknowledgments We express our cordial thanks to all the following investigators: Dr. M.J.P. Van Oijen (RMNH) for the specimen loan of von
Siebold's collection; Professor San-Rin Jeon, Sang-Myung University (formerly, Seoul) for providing several papers on Korean
Zacco congeners; Dr. Harumi Sakai, National Fisheries University; Dr. Tetsuo Furukawa-Tanaka, Museum of Nature and Human Activities,
Hyogo; Dr. Seishi Kimura, Mie University; Dr. Akihisa Iwata, Kyoto University; Dr. Osamu Katano, National Research Institute
of Fisheries Sciences; Mr. Kazuo Hoshino, Oita Marine Palace; and Dr. Kouichi Kawamura, National Research Institute of Aquaculture,
for the valuable comments and information on the ecological aspects of both species of the Japanese dark chub.
Correspondence to:Kazumi Hosoya 相似文献
2.
3.
The spawning season, spawning grounds, and migration of the myctophid fish Diaphus theta were studied in the western North Pacific, based on seasonal sampling and estimation of hatching dates. The peak abundance
of larvae was observed in July in the transition waters between the Oyashio and Kuroshio fronts. The spawning season ranged
from late March to early September, with a peak from May to July. Larvae and juveniles <40 mm in standard length were distributed
in the transition waters, whereas larger individuals were collected in the Oyashio and the Western Subarctic waters. These
results indicate that this species undergoes a horizontal spawning migration from the Oyashio and Western Subarctic waters
into the transition waters crossing the Oyashio front.
Received: July 11, 2002 / Revised: October 2, 2002 / Accepted: October 15, 2002
Acknowledgments We are grateful to the captains, officers, and crew of FRV Hokko-Maru, FRV Tankai-Maru, and RV Hakuho-Maru for their assistance at sea. We thank Dr. H. Saito and Mr. H. Kasai for their cooperation in field sampling, and Dr. C. Sassa
for his assistance with larval fish taxonomy.
Correspondence to:Masatoshi Moku 相似文献
4.
A species of the gobiid genus Cristatogobius from northeastern Australia is described as new. This species is distinguishable from other species of the genus in having
a higher number of scales in a longitudinal row and in a transverse row and a rounded caudal fin. In addition, there are differences
in coloration such as brown reticulation on the upper anterior part of body and a red pectoral fin. A species of Cristatogobius reported from S. Java, Indonesia, is also identified as this species.
Received: May 21, 2002 /Revised: November 15, 2002 / Accepted: December 16, 2002 相似文献
5.
Hiroyuki Motomura Sven O. Kullander Tetsuo Yoshino Yukio Iwatsuki 《Ichthyological Research》2002,49(4):307-317
A taxonomic review of seven-spined Polynemus species recognizes two species as valid: P. hornadayi Myers, 1936, currently known only from western Sarawak, Kalimantan, Malaysia, and P. paradiseus Linnaeus, 1758, distributed from India to Thailand and regarded as a senior synonym of P. aureus Hamilton, 1822, P. longifilis Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829, P. risua Hamilton, 1822, and P. toposui Hamilton, 1822. Polynemus hornadayi differs from P. paradiseus in having a strongly protruded occipital profile (vs. nearly straight in the latter), lower counts of anal fin soft rays (mode 11 vs. 12) and gill rakers (26 vs. 32 or 33), higher counts of pectoral fin rays (18 vs. 17), scales above and below the lateral line (11 and 18 vs. 7 and 11, respectively), and pored lateral line scales (94 vs. 70), the fifth pectoral filament longest (vs. sixth), the fourth pectoral filament longer (extending well beyond the posterior central margin of the caudal fin vs. not reaching posterior central margin), a longer pectoral fin ray (posterior tip of pectoral fin reaching to midpoint of anal fin base vs. not reaching), a deeper maxilla posterior margin (mean 5% of SL vs. 4% of SL), and a well-developed swimbladder (vs. absent). 相似文献
6.
7.
A new species of Erysiphe sect. Uncinula is described and illustrated from Patagonia, Argentina. Erysiphe patagoniaca sp. nov., found on leaves of Nothofagus × antarctica, is similar to E. nothofagi and E. kenjiana, but differs in its appendages being twisted throughout their length and the number of appendages, asci, and ascospores.
The two endemic species of Erysiphe sect. Uncinula, E. magellanica and E. nothofagi, coexisted on the same leaves together with Erysiphe patagoniaca.
Received: September 19, 2002 / Accepted: November 28, 2002
Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Ms. Seiko Niinomi for providing the micrographs of ascomata of Erysiphe spp. on Nothofagus.
Correspondence to:S. Takamatsu 相似文献
8.
Summary. A novel practical method for the synthesis of N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid 1 (NMA) and new syntheses for N-methyl-aspartic acid derivatives are described. NMA 1, the natural amino acid was synthesized by Michael addition of methylamine to dimethyl fumarate 5. Fumaric or maleic acid mono-ester and -amide were regioselectively transformed into beta-substituted aspartic acid derivatives.
In the cases of maleamic 11a or fumaramic esters 11b, the α-amide derivative 13 was formed, but hydrolysis of the product provided N-methyl-DL-asparagine 9 via base catalyzed ring closure to DL-α-methylamino-succinimide 4, followed by selective ring opening. Efficient methods were developed for the preparation of NMA-α-amide 13 from unprotected NMA via sulphinamide anhydride 15 and aspartic anhydride 3 intermediate products. NMA diamide 16 was prepared from NMA dimethyl ester 6 and methylamino-succinimide 4 by ammonolysis. Temperature-dependent side reactions of methylamino-succinimide 4 led to diazocinone 18, resulted from self-condensation of methylamino-succinimide via nucleophyl ring opening and the subsequent ring-transformation. 相似文献
9.
Akihisa Torii Antony S. Harold Takakazu Ozawa Yukio Iwatsuki 《Ichthyological Research》2003,50(2):129-139
This study redescribes Bregmaceros mcclellandi Thompson, 1840, based on one specimen (74.4 mm SL) from the Bay of Bengal and 66 specimens (30.0–84.7 mm SL) from Mumbai
(Bombay), India, because the type specimens have apparently been lost. The present specimens are characterized by having black
dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins and show the following morphology: caudal fin slightly forked; body chromatophores present
mainly at the dorsal part; no scales on cheek; vertebrae 52–55 (13–15 + 38–41); dorsal rays 52–59; anal rays 54–60; pectoral
rays 18–20; caudal rays 27–31 (principal rays 14); transverse scales 14–15. In the 66 Mumbai specimens, it was confirmed that
the distinctive black fin pigmentation developed sequentially with growth, with complete pigmentation first on the anterior
lobe of the dorsal fin, then simultaneously on the posterior lobe of the dorsal fin, the caudal fin, and the pectoral fin,
and last, on the anal fin. This species is known only from the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Gulf of Thailand. A review
of 16 nominal Bregmaceros species indicates that, besides B. mcclellandi, the distinctive dark fin pigmentation is found in B. atripinnis (Tickell), B. atlanticus Goode and Bean, B. japonicus Tanaka, and B. lanceolatus Shen. B. atripinnis is considered a junior synonym of B. mcclellandi, and the others are clearly distinct from B. mcclellandi. Comments are made on some of the characters to more fully characterize the species and for reference in future revisionary
and phylogenetic studies.
Received: June 17, 2002 / Revised: December 2, 2002 / Accepted: December 24, 2002 相似文献
10.
Ophiodothella caseariae sp. nov. from leaves of Casearia tremula in Venezuela is described and illustrated.
Received: February 19, 2002 / Accepted: April 30, 2002 相似文献
11.
B incompatibility factor mutants (Bmut) in Pleurotus ostreatus were recovered from common-B mating heterokaryons resulted from matings between wild-type monokaryons with different A but the same B factors (A1B2 and A2B2) after NTG mutagenesis. The mutant monokaryons such as A1B2mut and A2B2mut were observed to have regularly uninucleated hyphal cells and to be compatible with each other. Matings between A1B2mut and A2B2mut monokaryons produced stable heterokaryons (A1B2mut + A2B2mut) that had binucleated hyphal cells with true clamp connections and formed normal fruit-bodies. Mating tests using basidiospore
progeny from each of these heterokaryons revealed the bipolar mating pattern. Genetic analysis suggested that the mutation
of B factor in P. ostreatus might occur in the B incompatibility factor genes.
Received: August 3, 2001 / Accepted: January 18, 2002 相似文献
12.
Takaomi Arai Aya Kotake P. Mark Lokman Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Ichthyological Research》2003,50(2):190-194
The migratory history of Anguilla dieffenbachii and A. australis, collected from a coastal lake of New Zealand, was examined using analysis of strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations.
Line analysis of Sr : Ca ratios along the life history transect of each otolith showed a peak (Ca. 16–20 × 10−3) between the core and elver mark, which corresponded to the period of their leptocephalus and early glass eel stages in the
ocean. The mean Sr : Ca ratios from the elver mark to the otolith edge indicated that eels had different migratory histories,
which included freshwater residency in some eels (average Sr : Ca ratios, 1.7 × 10−3–2.4 × 10−3) but not in others (average Sr : Ca ratios, 3.1 × 10−3–6.5 × 10−3). These findings suggest that New Zealand freshwater eels have a flexible migration strategy and an ability to adapt to various
habitats and salinities.
Received: November 25, 2002 / Revised: January 17, 2003 / Accepted: January 17, 2003 相似文献
13.
Summary The generation of transgenic Cucumis sativus cv. Greenlong plants resistant to phosphinothricin (PPT) was obtained using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer. The protocol relied on the regeneration of shoots from cotyledon explants. Transformed shoots were
obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 4.4 μM 6-benzylaminopurine 3.8 μM abscisic acid, 108.5 μM adenine sulfate, and 2 mg l−1 phosphinothricin. Cotyledons were inoculated with the strain EHA105 harboring the neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II), and phosphinothricin resistance (bar) genes conferring resistance to kanamycin and PPT. Transformants were selected by using increasing concentrations of PPT
(2–6 mg l−1). Elongation and rooting of putative transformants were performed on PPT-containing (2 mg l−1) medium with 1.4 μM gibberellic acid and 4.9 μM indolebutyric acid, respectively. Putative transformants were confirmed for transgene insertion through PCR and Southern
analysis. Expression of the bar gene in transformed plants was demonstrated using a leaf painting test with the herbicide Basta. Pre-culture of explants
followed by pricking, addition of 50 μM acetosyringone during infection, and selection using PPT rather than kanamycin were found to enhance transformation frequency
as evidenced by transient β-glucuronidase assay. Out of 431 co-cultivated explants, 7.2% produced shoots that rooted and grew
on PPT, and five different plants (1.1%) were demonstrated to be transgenic following Southern hybridization. 相似文献
14.
Chlamydospores of Entoloma clypeatum f. hybridum were described on the mycorrhizas and rhizomorphs associated with Rosa multiflora. Their developmental pattern seems to be the Nyctalis type. This is the first report on chlamydospore formation on the mycorrhizae in entolomatoid fungi.
Received: January 17, 2002 / Accepted: November 5, 2002
Acknowledgments K.H. is grateful to Emeritus Professor N. Sagara in Kyoto University, in whose laboratory part of this study was undertaken.
Thanks are due to Mr. D. Sakuma for allowing the specimens to be kept in Osaka Museum of Natural History.
Correspondence to:H. Kobayashi 相似文献
15.
Umbelopsis gibberispora is described as a new species in the genus Umbelopsis, Umbelopsidaceae, Mucorales. The species differs from others in this genus by ellipsoidal sporangiospores with unilaterally
thickened walls. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nLSU rDNA) partial sequences suggest
that U. gibberispora, U. swartii, and U. westeae form a clade together with the strains of Umbelopsis ramanniana. The ex-type strain of Micromucor ramannianus var. angulisporus is found to be very close to Umbelopsis vinacea, whereas other isolates identified under the former name in the sense of Linnemann fall in the U. ramanniana subclade. For these isolates, a new species, Umbelopsis angularis, is introduced. Phylogenetic relationships among Umbelopsis species are discussed related to their attributes of the sporangial wall and mature spore shapes.
Received: August 27, 2002 / Accepted: March 11, 2003
Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Takashi Ohsono, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan, for providing the strain of U. gibberispora (CBS 109328). We also thank Dr. Wieland Meyer, University of Sydney, Australia for access to the phylogenetic tree based
on ITS sequence data before publishing, and Dr. Richard C. Summerbell, Centraalbureau von Schimmelcultures, the Netherlands,
for linguistic corrections. 相似文献
16.
The external morphology, osteology, and myology of the African fluvial genus Teleogramma are described, and its familial allocation is discussed. Teleogramma is included in the family Cichlidae by loss of a major structural association between adductor mandibulae sections 2 and
w, and by having an insertion of a large ventral division of adductor mandibulae section 2 onto the anguloarticular, expanded
head of the fourth epibranchial, transversus dorsalis subdivided into four parts, functionally decoupled premaxillae and maxillae,
the stomach's extendible blind pouch, the left-hand exit to the anterior intestine, the first intestinal loop at the left
side, two epurals, seven branched rays on each upper and lower caudal fin lobe, free first uroneural from a united element
of first preural and ural vertebra, and third preural vertebra fused with its haemal spine. Seven synapomorphies supporting
the monophyly of Teleogramma are indicated, including the absence of or very low supraoccipital crest, the presence of a nostril tube, nonextended supraoccipital
anteriorly, absence of extensive cartilaginous cap on the anterior border of the second epibranchial, presence of a beaklike
projection on the cleithrum, caudal branched slip of epaxialis that inserts onto the upper two or three branched rays on the
upper lobe of the caudal fin, and flexor dorsalis superior, which inserts onto the lower four unbranched rays on the upper
lobe of the caudal fin.
Received: September 12, 2001 / Revised: December 17, 2001 / Accepted: December 28, 2001 相似文献
17.
Two Exobasidium species causing Exobasidium leaf blister on Rhododendron spp. are described. An Exobasidium leaf blister on Rhododendron yedoense var. yedoense f. yedoense has been recognized in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, since the first report was issued in 1950. The causal fungus is identified
with Exobasidium dubium from the morphology of its hymenial structure and mode of germination of the basidiospores. Another Exobasidium leaf blister
on Rhododendron dauricum has been observed in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. In comparison with morphology based on hymenial structure and mode of germination
of the basidiospores of the 100 validly described taxa, this fungus differs from those known taxa in the size of basidia and
basidiospores, the numbers of sterigmata and septa of basidiospores, and the mode of germination of basidiospores. Thus, a
new species, Exobasidium miyabei, is established and illustrated.
Received: February 13, 2002 / Accepted: September 25, 2002
Present address: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
Acknowledgments We profoundly appreciate the cooperation of Dr. V. Melnik in providing Russian papers and Dr. L. Vasilyeva for translating
them into English. We thank Prof. H. Takahashi for loaning the materials in the Herbarium of the Hokkaido University Museum
and Dr. W. Abe, Graduate School of Science, University of Hokkaido, for his kind help with the sampling of R. dauricum in Teshikaga, Hokkaido Prefecture. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (No. 13460019),
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).
Contribution No. 171, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba.
Correspondence to:M. Kakishima 相似文献
18.
Evolutionary patterns of sequence divergence were analyzed in genes from the conifer genus Taxus (yew), encoding paclitaxel biosynthetic enzymes taxadiene synthase (TS) and 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10β-O-acetyltransferase
(DBAT). N-terminal fragments of TS, full-length DBAT and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were amplified from 15 closely related Taxus species and sequenced. Premature stop codons were not found in TS and DBAT sequences. Codon usage bias was not found, suggesting that synonymous mutations are selectively neutral. TS and DBAT gene trees are not consistent with the ITS tree, where species formed monophyletic clades. In fact, for both genes, alleles
were sometimes shared across species and parallel amino acid substitutions were identified. While both TS and DBAT are, overall, under purifying selection, we identified a number of amino acids of TS under positive selection based on inference using maximum likelihood models. Positively selected amino acids in the N-terminal
region of TS suggest that this region might be more important for enzyme function than previously thought. Moreover, we identify
lineages with significantly elevated rates of amino acid substitution using a genetic algorithm. These findings demonstrate
that the pattern of adaptive paclitaxel biosynthetic enzyme evolution can be documented between closely related Taxus species, where species-specific taxane metabolism has evolved recently. 相似文献
19.
Summary. Polyamines, in particular spermine, as well as some natural and synthetic polyamine derivatives have been found to be blockers
of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. We developed novel, polyamine-based channel blockers to analyze the structure of NMDA receptors. Anthraquinone
polyamines block NMDA receptors with some selectivity compared to other glutamate receptors. Results using mutant NR1 and
NR2 subunits identified amino acid residues that influence blockade by anthraquinone polyamines. The head group (anthraquinone)
may be positioned at the selectivity filter/narrowest constriction of the channel and the polyamine tail penetrates this constriction
into the inner vestibule below the level of the selectivity filter. The results are consistent with other work showing that
NR1 (Asn616) and NR2B (Asn616), but not NR2B (Asn615), make the narrowest constriction of NMDA channel, and that the M3 segments
from the two subunits, which form the outer vestibule, are likely staggered relative to each other in the vertical axis of
the channel. 相似文献
20.
Protoplasts isolated from wild cotton Gossypium davidsonii were cultured in KM8P medium supplemented with different phytohormones. The most effective combination was 0.45 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,
2.68 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.93 μM kinetin and the division percentage at the 8th day was 30.78 ± 3.04 %. The density of protoplasts at 2–10 × 105 cm−3 was suitable for protoplast division and calli formation, with a division percentage of 32.21 ± 3.64 % and a plating efficiency
of 9.12 ± 2.61 % at the 40th day. The optimal osmotic potential was achieved using 0.5 M glucose or 0.1 M glucose plus 0.5 M mannitol. Protoplasts were
cultured in three ways, a double-layer culture system, with liquid over solid medium was proved to be the best way. Embryo
induction was further increased by addition of 0.14 μM gibberellic acid. 相似文献