盖膜期间沙糖橘果实品质变化规律的研究

在果实成熟的1~3月,采样分析盖膜和不盖膜沙糖橘果实品质。结果表明:树冠盖膜后沙糖橘果皮色泽一直保持橘红色,而不盖膜的果皮色泽由前期的橘红色转为后期的橘黄色,且色泽暗淡;盖膜处理果实的酸含量在开始的20d内呈上升趋势,1月28日出现最高值0.31%,此后的10d内迅速下降至低于对照的水平,2月7日出现最低值,此后的20d内上升高于对照,之后又下降至3月15日的0.19%;对照果实的酸含量呈现明显的下降趋势,1月7日出现最高值为0.26%,3月15日出现最低值为0.08%,盖膜处理果实的酸含量在大多数时间内高于对照;盖膜处理果实的可溶性固形物含量从1月17日的12.33%提高到3月15日的13.40%,提高了1.07个百分点,总体呈上升趋势,而对照的从1月17日的10.70%下降至3月15日的9.90%,下降了0.80个百分点,总体呈下降趋势。     

藏红花瓣状体的诱导与花柱-柱头状物的定向分化

藏红花 (ＣｒｏｃｕｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓＬ .)又名番红花、西红花 ;藏药中称为苟日苟木。它是鸢尾科草本植物 ,原产于欧洲、地中海地区。我国长期以来把它作为珍贵的中藏药。其药用部位是柱头 ,有效成分主要是藏红花素、藏红花酸、藏红花醛和藏红花苦素。丁葆祖等于 1979年首次从藏红花的球茎获得完整的植株[1 ] 。Ｓａｎｏ等人 1987年在离体条件下 ,诱导花柱 柱头状物再生获得成功[2 ] ,此后国内外不断有相关报道[3～ 7] 。但试验大多集中在由外植体直接或由愈伤组织间接诱导柱头状物 ,且花柱 柱头状物的频率低和数量少。我们试图先由藏红花…     

Pattern of growth of dominant follicles during the oestrous cycle of heifers

Ovarian follicular development was studied in 13 heifers by daily ultrasound examination during 2 complete and consecutive natural oestrous cycles. In 21 cycles (81%) 3 dominant follicles were identified, in 4 cycles (15%) 2 and in the remaining cycle 1 (4%). Consistently, the first dominant follicle was detected on average on Day 4, reached a maximum size on Day 6, went through a period of relative stability between Days 6 and 10, then began to decrease in size and was undetectable by Day 15. The second dominant follicle was detected by Day 12, reached maximum size on Day 16 (or 19 in the 4 cycles in which the 2nd dominant follicle was the ovulatory follicle) and was undetectable by Day 19. The 3rd (ovulatory) follicle was identified on average by Day 16 (range Days 10 to 19) and maximum size was reached on Day 21. The ovulatory follicles were larger (P less than 0.05) than the previous ones and the stage of the cycle at which maximum size was reached was significantly different for each dominant follicle (P less than 0.05). The analysis of the rates of growth and atresia suggest that the rate of growth is slowest during mid-cycle. The number of dominant follicles that developed in the ovary ipsilateral to the corpus luteum was greater (P less than 0.05) than in the contralateral ovary.     

Effect of culture density on the polyteny degree of giant chromosomes in inbred lines and hybrids of Drosophila melanogaster

The influence of culture density and genotype on the polyteny degree of giant chromosomes (PDC) in Drosophila melanogaster was investigated. The reliable depression of the polytene chromosomes endoreduplication function under increased culture density was revealed. The essential dependence of the PDC on the genotype was shown. Correlation between the PDC and the number of adaptive features was established. The certain parallelism between the increased heterosis effect on the number of quantitative characters and the superiority of the hybrids above the inbred lines on the PDC in conditions of high culture density was found out. The sex-dependent distinctions and maternal effect at the inheritance of the PDC in drosophila were shown.     

β-葡萄糖苷酶在酿酒酵母表面的表达

应用表面表达技术对来自Trichodermareesei的β-葡萄糖苷酶在酿酒酵母表面的表达及后期性质进行了研究。实验结果表明酵母表面表达酶有活性,该酶的最佳诱导时间为24h,最适温度是70℃,而酶活的最适pH是5．5。使异源表面表达了Bgl1的酵母在以纤维二糖为唯一碳源的培养基中生长,发酵结果表明纤维二糖被明显利用了,但在培养186h后,发酵液中仍残留一定量的纤维二糖。这种技术对纤维素发酵系统中纤维二糖酶活性低的现状有所帮助。     

Immunohistochemical localization of the transferrin receptor in the seminiferous epithelium of the rat

The transferrin receptor has been immunohistochemically localized in the seminiferous epithelium of the rat with a monoclonal antibody, MRC OX26, which recognizes the transferrin receptor glycoprotein. The receptor was detectable on mitotically and meiotically dividing germ cells and, less abundantly, on round spermatids. It was lost from germ cells during spermatid elongation and was undetectable on immature spermatozoa. The transferrin receptor was also present on Sertoli cells in the testes of immature animals and on Sertoli cells in the testes of aspermatogenic animals that had been irradiated in utero. It was not detectable on Sertoli cells in the testes of cryptorchid animals. These studies demonstrate that the transferrin receptor is abundant on dividing germ cells as well as dividing somatic cells.     

温度对赤拟谷盗爬行和起飞活动的影响

在不同温度下研究了赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)在固体物面、设定粮面、温度均匀的粮(小麦)柱和具有温度梯度粮柱内爬行扩散速度、起飞温度等.主要结果为:赤拟谷盗在17℃开始有爬行为,25℃开始有飞行行为,在15～25℃时水平爬行速度和15 ～ 20℃时竖直运动速度与温度呈显著正相关,在无障...     

甘薯、胡萝卜发根单寄主培养体系繁殖马铃薯腐烂线虫的研究

利用发根农杆菌A4转化甘薯品种徐薯18和胡萝卜品种天红2号的发根,建立甘薯茎线虫病病原线虫(马铃薯腐烂线虫)的单寄主培养体系。通过该体系对马铃薯腐烂线虫的行为进行观察以及繁殖情况进行调查。结果表明:(1)马铃薯腐烂线虫在甘薯和胡萝卜发根上都能正常发育和繁殖,完成其生活周期;(2)培养4周和8周后,在甘薯发根上线虫繁殖倍数分别为2.6和50.6倍;在胡萝卜发根上线虫繁殖倍数分别为1.7和9.9倍;相同培养时间内,线虫在甘薯发根上的繁殖数极显著高于在胡萝卜发根上的繁殖数。(3)利用发根系统繁殖马铃薯腐烂线虫,便于研究其行为,在显微镜下可以直接观察到线虫在发根上活动情况,这对研究发根和线虫相互关系十分有利。基于上述结果,初步证实构建甘薯发根单寄主培养体系繁殖马铃薯腐烂线虫是可行的,且优于胡萝卜发根繁殖马铃薯腐烂线虫体系。     

臭氧胁迫下冬小麦物质生产与分配的数值模拟

利用ML9810B型臭氧监测分析仪,测定了浙江嘉兴麦田空气O3浓度,并通过改进的开顶式气室实验确定O3浓度变化对冬小麦叶片光合速率的影响函数.在此基础上,加入O3对叶片生长和穗部光合影响的模拟函数,建立反映O3对冬小麦生长和产量形成影响的作物模型.模型的检验结果表明,该模型较好地反映了O3对冬小麦生长的影响,生物量平均相对误差为10.3%.对冬小麦春后生育期(3—5月)的研究表明,水肥适宜时,由O3影响造成的该地区冬小麦干物质累积总损失量为11.4%,产量损失为17.8%.     

The spreading of monolayers of myosin

The spreading of the muscle proteins myosin and actomyosin depends both on the salt solution in which the proteins are dissolved and on the solution on which they are spread. The spreading is more complete the lower the concentration of the salt solution in which the proteins are dissolved and the higher the salt concentration of the solutions on which the proteins are spread. This effect seems to be due partially to the difference in density allowing the spread droplets a longer life on the surface, and partially to the effect of salt on the charge of the protein. A change in the pH of the substrate has a smaller effect than a change in the salt concentration. Heavy metals like Cu⁺⁺ or Zn⁺⁺, inhibit spreading almost completely. The dependence of spreading on these salts and on time was investigated in detail.The effect of the different salts was also compared with the effect of different phosphate compounds. It was noted that the above substances, including the different salts, phosphate compounds, and heavy metals, affect the mechanism of spreading but not films already spread. The viscosity of these fibrillar proteins was compared with other proteins in the monomolecular film state and in myosin an unusually high viscosity was found.     

The influence of caffeine on the biomechanical properties of bone tissue during pregnancy in a population of rats

The influence of pregnancy on bone tissue metabolism is not completely understood. Caffeine also has a potentially negative influence on bones. The aim of this study was the evaluation of changes in the bones of pregnant rats under the influence of caffeine. The experiment was carried out on Wistar rats. The evaluation of rats' bone tissue quality was performed based on bone density measurements and resistance examinations. It analyzed the impact of caffeine on the degree of bone tissue mineralization and the composition of the bones. The mean value of pelvises 'wet' and 'dry' densities in a group of pregnant rats with caffeine intake was lower compared to the control group. The deformation in maximal load point of the femur shaft in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group. In the experimental group, the percentage of water in the bones was significantly higher, while the content of inorganic phase was significantly lower compared to the control group. The changes of biomechanical parameters in the group of pregnant rats with caffeine intake indicate its negative influence on the bone. Our results show higher plasticization of the bone shafts of the animals under the influence of caffeine. Higher deformation of bone shafts may have an effect on the statics of the skeleton. The administration of caffeine significantly affected the quantitative composition of the bone.     

Mechanism of action of collagen on processes of regeneration

The effect of collagen, its hydrolysate and glycin on metabolism of cyclic nucleotides in wound tissue was studied in experiments on animals. Collagen was found to reduce the cAMP level in muscles of the wound fundus, while the concentration of cGMP remained unchanged. Collagen hydrolysate induced unidirectional changes in cyclic nucleotides, whereas glycin opposite ones. The basal activity of cAMP phosphodiesterase was not changed. The mechanism of the stimulatory effect of collagen on wound healing is discussed.     

Study of trans-placental transport of methylamphotericin B in albino rats after intravenous administration]

Transplacental penetration of amphotericin B, an methyl derivative, was studied on rats after its intravenous administration. Microbiological and radioisotopic methods were used. When the microbiological method was applied the drug was administered on days 16 to 20 or on day 20 of pregnancy in a dose of 4 mg/kg. For extraction of the antibiotic dimethylformamide was added to the substrates. The labeled antibiotic was administered in a dose of 3.3 mg/kg on days 6 to 16 and on day 20 of pregnancy. It was noted that the antibiotic accumulated in the placenta. The accumulation was more pronounced after antibiotic use in the course doses. A significant part of the antibiotic was in the placenta in the bound state. The methyl derivative amphotericin B was not detected microbiologically in the umbilical cord serum, fetal organs and amniotic fluid. Neither was it detected by extraction with ++dimethylformamide. The labeled antibiotic was neither detected in the amniotic fluid and fetal organs during the whole observation period. Therefore, the methyl derivative amphotericin B did not penetrate through the placental barrier either in the free or bound state. The direct teratogenic action of amphotericin B, a methyl derivative, after its intravenous administration to female rats is likely possible.     

Modes of Action of Phytochromes in Establishing DifferentPhototropic Responsiveness of Maize Coleoptiles

Previous studies have examined the effects of red light (R) on phototropism of maize ( Zea mays L. cv. Royaldent Hit 85) coleoptiles. The R effect on time-dependent phototropism (TDP) was further studied by characterizing its fluence-response relationship. The results showed the R effect was a low-fluence-response, unlike those on pulse-induced phototropisms that show a very-low-fluence-response mode. A subsequent pulse of far-red light (FR) could reverse the R effect. TDP responsiveness, however, recovered as the following FR was extended. The FR-dependent increase in TDP responsiveness was obtained even coleoptiles were pretreated only with FR. It suggested that TDP responsiveness could also be established in response to a FR signal. The fluence-response relationship for the effect of FR was then investigated. The effect of FR depended on the time of irradiation and required high photon fluences. Because reciprocity was invalid at the higher fluence range, the effect of FR would be a high-irradiance-response mode. Relation between phytochrome action modes and possible multiple pathways for phototropic signal transduction was analyzed based on the experiment results.     

Autoradiographic study of the ontogeny of the imipramine receptors in the cerebral cortex of rats

Localization of 3H-imipramine binding sites in the cerebral cortex of rats was studied on the 19th day of prenatal development and on the 3d and 14th days of postnatal ontogenesis. Imipramine was injected into rats on days 17, 18 and 19 of gestation. The maximal imipramine receptor density was found in cortex layers IV-V. The therapeutic doses of imipramine provoked marked stimulation of the formation of imipramine receptors on the 3d day of postnatal development. However, on the 14th day the 3H-imipramine binding level was stabilized.     

Effect of growth conditions and storage on the specific activity of beta-lactamases of Bacteroides spp

The influences of growth conditions and cold storage on the specific activity of beta-lactamases of four strains of Bacteroides spp. was studied. Interbatch variation was observed in extracts prepared in an identical way on separate occasions but less variation was observed in extracts prepared from bacteria grown on Brain Heart Infusion agar supplemented with yeast extract, haemin and menadione, than in similar extracts of bacteria grown in broth or on other solid media. The loss of enzyme activity seen during the stationary phase of growth of some strains in broth was minimal during incubation for 48 h on agar. Storage of enzyme extracts at 4 degrees C was associated with loss of enzyme activity, but activity was retained during storage at -70 degrees C for up to 32 days. Freezing and thawing had little effect on enzyme activity.     

四川2种丛生竹木质素和纤维含量的研究

以四川4个地区2种丛生竹(慈竹和硬头黄)为研究对象,对其木质素和综纤维含量进行研究.结果表明,不同地区竹种间综纤维素含量差异显著;除青神地区外,其它几个地区木质素含量差异不大.纬度对木质素积累的作用因竹种而异,对慈竹木质素含量的作用呈极明显的正效应,对硬头黄的作用则呈不明显的正效应,对综纤维含量的影响不大.竹龄影响木质素和综纤维素含量的积累,对慈竹木质素和综纤维的积累呈显著的正效应,但对硬头黄的作用却不明显.研究认为,青神、长宁和绵阳地区的硬头黄以及长宁地区的慈竹是造纸的较好原料.     

植物光敏素在玉米胚芽鞘不同类型向光性反应中的作用模式

先前的研究考察了红光对玉米（Zea mays L.cv.Royaldent Hit85)胚芽鞘向光性反应的影响,本研究进一步分析了红光对蓝光照射时间依赖型向光性（TDP）影响的光具－反应曲线,发现该反应不像红光对脉冲蓝光诱导的向光性的影响那样属于超低光量反应,而是一种低光量反应,且之后的脉冲远红光可以逆转红光对TDP影响的效果。但远红光预处理延长后,逆转了的TDP反应性可以得到恢复。不仅如此,暗适应胚芽鞘接受不同时间的单独远红光预处理后可同样获得与预处理光量成比例的TDP反应性,表明暗适应胚芽鞘在接受远红光顶处理后亦可建立起长时间向光性蓝光照射的反应能力。远红光对TDP反应性影响的光量－反应曲线分析揭示,该远红光影响依赖于照射时间并要求高光量。鉴于高光量范围内上述远红影响不符合所谓反比定律,远红光对TDP反应性的影响很可能属一高辐照反应,根据上述研究发现探讨了植物光敏素作用模式与不同光性反应信号转导途径之间可能存在的相互关系。     

微波处理对钙质土壤放线菌分离效果的影响

采用平板稀释法研究了微波处理对钙质土壤放线菌分离效果的影响。结果表明:①微波处理对提高放线菌出菌率有促进作用。在高氏1号培养基(GA)上,4种供试土壤经微波处理后放线菌总数较对照增加99.5%～234.1%,微波处理效应均达到极显著水平(P0.01);链霉菌数较对照增加58.3%～377.7%,除3号土样外,微波处理效应均达到极显著水平(P0.01);未鉴定放线菌较对照增加96.7%～304.8%,处理与对照的差异均达到显著水平(P0.05);②不同培养基上的微波处理效应不同。GA培养基上的微波处理效应(Effect of Microwave Irradiation,EMI)最强,放线菌总数及未鉴定属放线菌的微波处理效应均表现为GAGA-Ca,GA培养基上放线菌总数的EMI较GA-Ca培养基提高26.4%～120.9%;③风干土样的微波处理效应大于湿土样。