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1.
Tohno S Tohno Y Hayashi M Minami T Moriwake Y Azuma C Ohnishi Y 《Biological trace element research》2003,95(2):173-184
To examine whether the calcium accumulation in aged arteries is related to the way of walking, the mineral contents were determined
in the arteries of Japanese monkeys of quadrupedal walk by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Sixteen
Japanese monkeys consisting of 7 males and 9 females ranging in age from 2 to 33 yr were studied.
The accumulation of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium occurred progressively in most, but not all, of the arteries with aging.
It was found that independent of the upper and lower limbs, a higher accumulation of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium occurred
in the arteries of the proximal regions with aging, compared with the arteries of the distal regions.
In a comparison between the arteries of anatomically corresponding regions of the upper and lower limbs, the accumulation
of calcium and magnesium was 20–60% higher in the external iliac and femoral arteries of the lower limb than in the axillary
and brachial arteries of the upper limb. Regarding phosphorus, the accumulation was 20–120% higher in the external iliac and
femoral arteries than in the axillary and brachial arteries. It was known that in humans, the accumulation of calcium, phosphorus,
and magnesium was three to seven times higher in the arteries of the lower limb than in the arteries of the upper limb. It
is clear that there is a very significant difference in the accumulation of calcium and magnesium in the arteries of the lower
limbs between Japanese monkeys and humans. The present study suggests that the accumulation of calcium and magnesium in the
arteries of the lower limb with aging is affected by the way of walking. 相似文献
2.
Yoshiyuki Tohno Setsuko Tohno Takeshi Minami Masayo Ichii Yoko Okazaki Masako Utsumi Fumio Nishiwaki Yumi Moriwake Masa-oki Yamada Tsutomu Araki 《Biological trace element research》1996,54(1):23-31
The relative contents (RCs) of mineral elements in aortae and cerebral arteries from 23 subjects, with ages ranging between
45 and 99 yr, were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The RCs of calcium, phosphorus, and
magnesium in the aortae increased markedly after the age of 70. While the RC of sulfur in aortae decreased gradually after
that age. It was found that accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred primarily in the tunica media of aorta, and secondarily
in the tunica intima. Furthermore, the RCs of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in cerebral arteries increased markedly after
the age of 70, whereas the RC of sulfur in cerebral arteries decreased after age 70. It was found that accumulation of calcium
and phosphorus in the cerebral arteries were 30 and 60%, respectively, lower than those in the aortae with ages ranging between
45 and 99 yr. 相似文献
3.
Gonzalez-Reimers E Rodriguez-Moreno F Martinez-Riera A Mas-Pascual A Delgado-Ureta E Galindo-Martin L Arnay-de la Rosa M Santolaria-Fernandez F 《Biological trace element research》1999,68(1):41-49
To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively
coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women,
ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred
in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted
that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined
to date.
Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in
women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men. 相似文献
4.
Setsuko Tohno Yoshiyuki Tohno Takeshi Minami Yuko Okazaki Masako Utsumi Fumio Nishiwaki Yumi Moriwake Takashi Naganuma Masa-oki Yamada Tsutomu Araki 《Biological trace element research》1997,57(1):27-37
The relative contents (RCs) of elements in the femoral arteries as well as the thoracic aorta, coronary, basilar, and radial
arteries from 26 subjects within the age range between 55 and 92 yr old, were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic
emission spectrometry.
The RCs of calcium and phosphorus in the femoral arteries started to increase before the age of 60 yr. The RCs of magnesium
increased after the age of 70 yr. However, the RCs of sulfur did not change significantly within the age range between 55
and 92 yr.
With regard to localization of the mineral accumulations in the femoral arterial wall, it was found that the accumulations
of calcium and phosphorus occurred only in the tunica media, only in the tunica intima, or in both the tunica media and the
tunica intima. The manner of accumulation of calcium and phosphorus in the femoral arterial wall was different from that in
the aortic wall.
The average RCs of calcium in the 26 specimens were the highest in the femoral artery, followed in descending order by the
thoracic aorta, coronary, basilar, and radial arteries. The average RCs of phosphorus were highest in the thoracic aorta,
followed by the coronary, femoral, basilar, and radial arteries. It is noted that the accumulation of mineral elements never
occurred uniformly in all the arteries. 相似文献
5.
Setsuko Tohno Yoshiyuki Tohno Motoharu Hayashi Yumi Moriwake Takeshi Minami Fumio Nishiwaki Tsutomu Araki 《Biological trace element research》2001,82(1-3):77-86
To examine whether the calcium accumulation in the arteries is related to the way of walk or not, the calcium contents were
determined in various arteries of Japanese monkeys of quadrupedal walk by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.
Japanese monkeys consisted of five males and four females, ranging in age from 2 to 29 yr.
Age-related changes of the calcium content were examined in various monkey arteries. Significant relationships between age
and calcium content were found in the arteries, such as the axillary, brachial, radial, subclavian, common carotid, common
iliac, and femoral arteries, but not statistically in the thoracic and abdominal aortas, ulnar, external iliac, internal iliac,
popliteal, and tibial arteries.
The average contents of calcium were compared between the two groups of the monkeys below 14 yr and over 24 yr of age. Below
14 yr, the calcium content was a little higher in the arteries, such as the common, external and internal iliac, and femoral
arteries than that of the other ones. Over 24 yr, the calcium content increased remarkably in the arteries, such as the thoracic
aorta, common, internal and external iliac, common carotid, and subclavian arteries. The calcium contents of the thoracic
aorta, common, internal and external iliac, common carotid, and subclavian arteries increased by more than two times over
24 yr compared with those below 14 yr.
In a comparison between the calcium contents of the arteries in the anatomically corresponding regions of the upper and lower
limbs, no statistically significant differences were found in the subjects over 24 yr as well as the subjects 2–29 yr of age.
The calcium accumulation in the arteries of monkeys with aging was different from those in the arteries of humans, because
in the case of human, a very high accumulation of calcium occurred in the arteries of the lower limb with aging in comparison
with those in the upper limbs.
Therefore, it is likely that different ways of walk or different species are partly affected in the calcium accumulation in
the arteries with aging. 相似文献
6.
Yoshiytiki Tohno Setsuko Tohno Takeshi Minami Masako Utsumi Yumi Moriwake Fumio Nishiwaki Masa-oki Yamada Keizo Yamamoto Yasuo Takano Yuko Okazaki Hiroshi Yamamoto 《Biological trace element research》1998,61(2):219-226
To elucidate accumulations of minerals in the human aorta and internal thoracic artery, their relative contents (RCs) of minerals
were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
Aortas from 47 men and 24 women subjects were examined. The ages of these subjects ranged from newborn to 99 yr. After the
age of 40 yr, RCs of calcium and phosphorus began to increase, and thereafter increased stepwise in the 50s and 70s. In the
70s, their accumulations were markedly increased.
Internal thoracic arteries from 16 men and 7 women subjects were examined. These subjects ranged in age from 65–93 yr. It
was found that all the RCs of calcium were low, <5.0 mg/g dry wt, and there was no age-dependent increase of calcium contents
in internal thoracic arteries. 相似文献
7.
Yoshiyuki Tohno Setsuko Tohno Takeshi Minami Yumi Moriwake Masako Utsumi Fumio Nishiwaki Masa-Oki Yamada 《Biological trace element research》1998,63(2):105-111
To elucidate the relationships between the decrease of mineral contents in human bones and the accumulation of minerals in
the other human tissues, the relative contents (RCs) of calcium were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission
spectrometry among human bones, arteries, veins, and cartilages in 27 subjects (17 men and 10 women). These were resected
from subjects who died in the age range from 40 to 98 yr old. Calcanei were chosen for analysis of mineral contents in contrast
with femoral, popliteal and common carotid arteries, internal jugular veins, and pubic symphysis.
It was found that the RCs of calcium in calcanei were agreeable to association with those in both the pubic symphysis and
the femoral artery, but they were not agreeable to association with those in the popliteal and common carotid arteries, and
the internal jugular veins. This suggests that calcium released from bones is accompanied by accumulations of calcium in the
artery and cartilage. 相似文献
8.
Setsuko Tohno Yoshiyuki Tohno Takeshi Minami Yuko Okazaki Masako Utsumi Fumio Nishiwaki Yumi Moriwake Masa-oki Yamada 《Biological trace element research》1998,62(1-2):17-23
To elucidate age-related changes of mineral contents in human veins, the relative contents (RCs) of elements in the human
internal jugular veins, superior and inferior venae cavae, and femoral veins from 27 subjects ranging from 40 to 98 yr old
were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
The average RCs of calcium in the 27 specimens were the highest in the internal jugular vein, followed in descending order
by the superior vena cava, femoral vein, and inferior vena cava.
The RCs of calcium and phosphorus in the internal jugular veins started to increase after the age of 50 yr, became the highest
in subjects in their 60s and thereafter decreased gradually. It is noted that such accumulations of minerals, similar to the
internal jugular vein, were also found in the veins, such as the superior and inferior venae cavae, and femoral vein. Accumulation
of minerals in the veins is different from that of arteries, which increase progressively by aging, but do not decrease. 相似文献
9.
Tohno Y Tohno S Tateyama Y Kida Y Yasui T Hashimoto M Araki T 《Biological trace element research》2001,81(2):115-125
To elucidate the calcium content of the arteries in the upper and lower limbs, the authors determined the calcium content
of all the arteries in the upper and lower limbs continuously by microwave-induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The
subjects were an 87-yr-old man and a 72-yr-old woman. The calcium content was determined both in the arteries of the upper
limbs continuously, such as the subclavian arteries and its distal arteries, and in the arteries of the lower limbs, such
as the common iliac arteries and its distal arteries. The common finding that the higher accumulation of calcium occurred
in the arteries of the lower limbs in comparison to the arteries of the upper limbs and extremely high accumulation of calcium
occurred in the common, external, and internal iliac arteries was obtained in the two subjects. The calcium content of the
arteries in the upper and lower limbs was visually demonstrated. 相似文献
10.
Fukushima S Araki T Tohno Y 《Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science》2005,24(4):493-496
Vascular calcification is commonly associated with aging. Quantification of calcium accumulation in vessel walls is important in understanding the mechanisms of vascular calcification. To elucidate age-related change of calcification, site dependence of calcification, and the effect of hemodynamic stress on calcification, we measured calcium contents in various blood vessels with atomic emission spectrometry and simulated blood flow in the vessels by computational fluid dynamics. The content of calcium in the arteries increased progressively with aging while there is no change in the veins. The higher accumulation of calcium occurred in the arteries of the lower limb in comparison to the arteries of the upper limb. In the arterial bifurcation, there was the correlation at hemodynamic stress distribution and calcium content. The results of this study quantitatively support clinical findings of nonuniform calcification, and suggest that hemodynamic stress affects vascular calcification. 相似文献
11.
Tohno S Tohno Y Moriwake Y Azuma C Ohnishi Y Minami T 《Biological trace element research》2001,84(1-3):57-66
To elucidate the mechanism of element accumulations in the arteries with aging, the authors investigated the mass ratios among
calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in the common iliac arteries by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.
The subjects consisted of 16 men and 8 women, ranging in age from 65 to 93 yr.
It was found that there were extremely significant correlations between calcium and phosphorus contents, between calcium and
magnesium contents, and between phosphorus and magnesium contents in the common iliac arteries. In regard to the mass ratio,
although the mass ratio of calcium to phosphorus was almost constant, the mass ratios of magnesium to calcium and phosphorus
were different at early and advanced stages of the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus. It was found that both the mass
ratios of magnesium to calcium and phosphorus were higher at an early stage of the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus
in the arteries than at an advanced stage of the accumulation. 相似文献
12.
To examine whether an accumulation of elements in the arteries with aging differs between human and animal, the authors investigated
the relationships among element contents in the arteries of the Japanese monkeys. The Japanese monkeys consisted of five males
and four females, ranging in age from 2 to 29 yr. The aorta, common and external iliac, femoral, common carotid, subclavian,
and axillary arteries were resected from the monkeys and element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic
emission spectrometry. It was found that there were very high correlations between calcium and phosphorus contents, between
calcium and magnesium contents, and between phosphorus and magnesium contents in all of the monkey arteries. In addition,
significant correlations were found among the other element contents in some, but not all of the arteries. These results were
consistent with the foregoing findings of the human arteries. It is likely that magnesium forms compounds with phosphorus
or calcium in the monkey arteries. 相似文献
13.
Yoshiyuki Tohno Setsuko Tohno Yumi Moriwake Cho Azuma Yoshiaki Ohnishi Takeshi Minami 《Biological trace element research》2001,82(1-3):9-19
To elucidate the accumulation of elements in the arteries with aging, the authors investigated age-related changes of elements
in human arteries, such as the thoracic aorta, femoral, basilar, coronary, radial, and common iliac arteries by inductively
coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The subjects consisted of 17 men and 9 women, ranging in age from 55 to 92 yr
in the cases of the five arteries, except for the common iliac arteries, in which the subjects consisted of 16 men and 8 women,
ranging in age from 65 to 93 yr.
It was found that there were significantly direct correlations between calcium and phosphorus contents and between calcium
and magnesium contents in all of the six arteries: thoracic aorta, femoral, basilar, coronary, radial, and common iliac arteries.
Significantly direct correlations were also found between phosphorus and magnesium contents in the five arteries, except for
the basilar artery. In contrast, significantly inverse correlations were found between calcium and sulfur contents and between
phosphorus and sulfur contents in the four arteries, except for the coronary and radial arteries. These revealed that the
accumulation of calcium and phosphorus in the arteries was accompanied by an increase of magnesium in the arteries and by
a decrease of sulfur in the arteries. 相似文献
14.
Tohno S Mahakkanukrauh P Tohno Y Vaidhayakarn P Minami T Somsarp V Moriwake Y Chomsung R Azuma C 《Biological trace element research》2002,87(1-3):69-82
To examine whether there were differences between races in regard to age-related changes of mineral contents and the relationships
among element contents in the arteries, the authors investigated the coronary arteries of Thai and Japanese. The Thai subjects
consisted of 13 men and 3 women, ranging in age from 39 to 84 yr, whereas the Japanese subjects consisted of 17 men and 9
women, ranging in age from 55 to 92 yr. After the ordinary dissections at Chiang Mai University and Nara Medical University
were finished, the coronary arteries were resected and the element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic
emission spectrometry. In the Thai, an accumulation of calcium and phosphorus began to occur in the forties and increased
markedly in the fifties, whereas in the Japanese, an accumulation of calcium and phosphorus began to occur in the seventies
and increased markedly in the nineties. The result revealed that an accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred earlier
in the Thai than in the Japanese. Regarding the relationships among element contents, extremely significant correlations were
found between calcium and phosphorus contents, between calcium and magnesium contents, and between phosphorus and magnesium
contents in both the coronary arteries of the Thai and the Japanese. As far as the coronary arteries with a very high accumulation
of calcium and phosphorus, the mass ratios of magnesium to calcium and phosphorus were lower in the coronary arteries of the
Thai in comparison with the Japanese. 相似文献
15.
Tohno S Tohno Y Minami T Moriwake Y Nishiwaki F Utsumi M Azuma C Ohnishi Y Yamada MO 《Biological trace element research》2001,81(2):105-113
To elucidate the compositional changes of the cerebral arteries with aging, the authors investigated age-related changes of
the calcium and phosphorus contents in the cerebral arteries by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The
subjects consisted of 11 men and 5 women, ranging in age from 52 to 96 yr. The anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries
derived from the same subjects were used in the present study.
It was found that there were no significant relationships between age and calcium or phosphorus content in the anterior, middle,
and posterior cerebral arteries, indicating that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus scarcely occurred in the anterior,
middle, and posterior cerebral arteries with aging.
It was examined whether there were relationships in the calcium and phosphorus contents among the anterior, middle, and posterior
cerebral arteries. It was found that there was a significant relationship in both the contents of calcium and phosphorus between
the middle and posterior cerebral arteries, but not between the anterior and middle cerebral arteries nor between the anterior
and posterior cerebral arteries. 相似文献
16.
Azuma C Tohno S Mahakkanukrauh P Tohno Y Satoh H Chomsung R Minami T Moriwake Y Utsumi M Vaidhayakarn P 《Biological trace element research》2003,95(3):211-218
To analyze the accumulation of elements in the rami of the coronary arteries, the authors determined element contents in both
the coronary arteries and their rami of the Thai by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The subjects
consisted of 13 men and 6 women, ranging in age from 34 to 83 yr. It was found that a higher accumulation of calcium and phosphorus
occurred in the proximal sites of coronary arteries such as the anterior descending, right coronary, left coronary, and circumflex
arteries than the distal sites such as the diagonal, lateral, conus, acute marginal, and posterior descending arteries. The
accumulation of calcium and phosphorus in the anterior descending and right coronary arteries of the Thai increased remarkably
in the fifties, thereafter decreased, and increased again in the eighties. It should be noted that a very high accumulation
of calcium and phosphorus in the coronary arteries occurred in the fifties. In regard to relationships among the average contents
of elements in the coronary arteries and their rami, it was found that there were very significant direct correlations between
calcium and phosphorus contents, between calcium and magnesium contents, and between phosphorus and magnesium contents. These
results suggested that as calcium and phosphorus increased in the coronary arteries and their rami, magnesium increased simultaneously
in all of the coronary arteries and their rami. 相似文献
17.
Tohno S Tohno Y Hayashi M Mahakkanukrauh P Chomsung R Azuma C Moriwake Y Minami T Araki T 《Biological trace element research》2005,106(3):211-217
To examine whether an accumulation of elements in the arteries was affected by the way of walking, the authors investigated
age-related changes of elements in the arteries of the Japanese, Thai, and Japanese monkeys. After the ordinary dissections
by medical students were finished, the subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial, common iliac, externaliliac, femoral, and posterior
tibial arteries were resected from the subjects of the Japanese and Thai over 60 yr of age and they were also resected from
the Japanese monkeys over 20 yr of age. The element content was determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.
It was found that in an comparison between the arteries of anatomically corresponding regions, the average content of Ca was
eight times or four times higher in the arteries of the lower limb than in the arteries of the upper limb in the Japanese
or Thai, over 60 yr of age, respectively. In the Japanese monkeys over 20 yr of age, the average content of Ca was 1.2 times
higher in the arteries of the lower limb than in the arteries of the upper limb. The result suggests that an accumulation
of Ca in the arteries of the lower limb with aging is affected by the way of walking. 相似文献
18.
Tohno Y Tohno S Mahakkanukrauh P Vaidhayakarn P Somsarp V Minami T Moriwake Y Azuma C 《Biological trace element research》2001,84(1-3):19-35
To elucidate compositional changes of arteries with aging, the authors previously investigated age-related changes of mineral
contents in the various arteries of Japanese and Japanese monkey. To examine whether there were differences between races
in regard to age-related changes of mineral contents and the relationships among element contents in the arteries, the authors
investigated the arteries of Thai. The subjects consisted of 13 men and 3 women, ranging in age from 39 to 84 yr. After the
ordinary dissection at Chiang Mai University was finished, abdominal aortas, common iliac, internal iliac, and external iliac
arteries were resected and the element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.
The contents of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium became the highest in the fifties in the abdominal aorta, common iliac,
and external iliac arteries, whereas the contents of calcium and magnesium became the highest in the sixties in the internal
iliac artery, and decreased thereafter. In regard to relationships among element contents, it was found that there were high
correlations between calcium and phosphorus contents, between calcium and magnesium contents, and between phosphorus and magnesium
in all of the abdominal aortas and three iliac arteries. The mass ratios of magnesium to calcium and phosphorus were each
similar in the abdominal aorta, common iliac, and internal iliac arteries, except for the external iliac artery, in which
it was slightly high. These revealed that as calcium and phosphorus increased in the arteries with aging, magnesium increased
in the arteries as well. The differences between the arteries of Thai and Japanese were discussed in the present article. 相似文献
19.
Ohnishi Y Tohno S Mahakkanukrauh P Tohno Y Vaidhayakarn P Azuma C Satoh H Moriwake Y Chomsung R Minami T 《Biological trace element research》2003,96(1-3):71-92
To elucidate whether the extent of element accumulation in the arteries and cardiac valves with aging was different between
different races, the authors investigated the accumulation of elements in the arteries and cardiac valves of the Thai with
aging and the relationships among elements in the cardiac valves. After ordinary dissection at Chiang Mai University was finished,
16 arteries and 4 cardiac valves were resected and element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission
spectrometry.
In the 16 arteries, the average content of calcium was the highest in the site of the abdominal aorta ramifying into the common
iliac arteries, and it decreased in the order internal iliac, coronary, abdominal aorta, common iliac, external iliac, superior
mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, thoracic aorta, brachial, radial, common carotid, subclavian, ulnar, axillary, renal, and
internal thoracic arteries. The average contents of phosphorus and magnesium in respective arteries were parallel with the
average contents of calcium, except for the coronary artery. In comparison with the arteries of the Japanese, the trend of
calcium accumulation in the arteries of the Thai was almost similar to that in the arteries of the Japanese, except for the
coronary artery and thoracic aorta. The calcium accumulation in the coronary artery was much higher in the Thai than in the
Japanese, whereas that in the thoracic aorta was lower in the Thai than in the Japanese.
Regarding elements in the cardiac valves, the calcium content increased remarkably in the seventies in the aortic valve and
in the nineties in the pulmonary valve, but it hardly increased in both the mitral and tricuspid valves with aging. The average
content of calcium was the highest in the aortic valve, and it decreased in the order pulmonary, tricuspid, and mitral valves.
Regarding the relationship among elements in the aortic valves, it was found that there were extremely significant direct
correlations among the contents of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, whereas there were significant direct correlations
between zinc and either calcium or phosphorus contents. Although significant correlations were found between sulfur and the
other element contents in the aortic valves of the Japanese, no significant correlations were found between them in the aortic
valves of the Thai. In the mitral valves, extremely or very significant direct correlations were found among the contents
of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur, with some exceptions that there were no significant correlations between phosphorus
and either magnesium or sulfur contents.
In addition, no significant correlation was found in the calcium content between the aortic valve and coronary artery in the
same individuals. 相似文献
20.
Yumi Moriwake Yoshiyuki Tohno Setsuko Tohno Takeshi Minami Masako Utsumi Fumio Nishiwaki Masa-oki Yamada Hiroshi Yamamoto Yuko Okazaki Tadashi Fujii Yoshinori Takakura 《Biological trace element research》1998,64(1-3):229-235
The relative contents (RCs) of elements in the human menisci from 23 subjects in the age range between 65 and 93 yr were analyzed
by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The RCs of sulfur, calcium, and phosphorus in menisci increased
progressively until the 80s, being the highest in the 80s, and thereafter decreased. The RCs of magnesium in menisci increased
progressively until the 90s. Regarding the medial and lateral menisci, higher RCs of magnesium and iron, and a lower RC of
phosphorus were found in lateral menisci in comparison with those in medial menisci.
There were sexual differences in the RCs of calcium and phosphorus of medial and lateral menisci. The RCs of calcium and phosphorus
were about 50% higher in women’s menisci than in men’s. Histological examinations showed that structureless mucoid masses
were observed in the menisci, with very high RCs of calcium and phosphorus being detected. 相似文献