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1.
腺嘌呤对菠萝快速繁殖的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以腺嘌呤(adenine,Ad)作为基本培养基(MS)的添加成分,进行菠萝的快速繁殖.以不加Ad作对照,结果显示不同浓度的Ad分别为1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0 mg·L-1对芽的分化及增殖均无显著促进作用.而在壮苗培养中,除Ad为1.0 mg·L-1外,其他各浓度均能极显著地提高幼苗的生长速率,而且在不同浓度间也出现了极显著差异.Ad在3.0~5.0 mg·L-1时,幼苗生长速率最快,可使出苗时间提前30 d以上. 相似文献
2.
以菠萝22个栽培品种的叶片为实验材料,测定其5种色泽参数(L*、a*、b*、c*和h*值)、5种色素(叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花青苷、类黄酮和总酚)含量及3种抗氧化活性指标(ABTS、DPPH自由基和亚硝酸盐的清除能力),并进行相关性分析。研究结果显示,色泽参数a*和h*值可以作为菠萝叶片指示色泽、主要色素含量和抗氧化活性变化的重要指标;菠萝叶片主要色素组成是叶绿素、类黄酮和总酚,且含有少量的花青苷,几乎不含类胡萝卜素。相关性分析结果显示,菠萝叶片类黄酮和总酚含量均与3种抗氧化活性指标极显著正相关,而叶绿素含量与其它指标相关性未达到显著水平,类黄酮和总酚是菠萝叶片抗氧化活性的主要功效成分。 相似文献
3.
Lianny Prez Yanier Acosta Lelurlys Npoles Carol Carvajal Claudia Linares Sershen Jos Carlos Lorenzo Aurora Prez 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2021,27(8):1651
Pepper seeds are slow to germinate and emergence is often non-uniform and incomplete, reducing gains from this cash crop. This study investigated the effects of pineapple stem- derived protease (stem bromelain) based priming on pepper seed germination in relation to reserve mobilization (specifically, proteins and amino acids), germination, emergence and plant growth. These parameters were compared across two controls, (1) unsoaked seeds and (2) seeds soaked in deionized water, and seeds soaked in pineapple stem bromelain crude extract (treatment). Seeds were soaked in bromelain crude extract possessing a proteolytic activity of 6.25 tU or deionized water (first control) for 3 h at 35 °C. Light microscopy revealed an abundance of protein bodies in the endosperm of the seeds prior to imbibition. When observed for a period of 96 h, these bodies were progressively degraded, with the rate of this degradation being fastest in bromelain-treated seeds. Quantitative analysis of protein levels confirmed this observation: 17.2 mg proteins/g FW at 120 h after priming in bromelain-treated seeds compared with 22.1 mg/g FW in controls (average). The bromelain treatment also increased levels of free amino acids from 3.9 mg/g FW in the controls to 4.6 mg/g FW after 120 h of imbibition. Germination and emergence percentages were initially higher in bromelain-treated seeds: 92.0% germination in bromelain-treated seeds vs. ~ 52.2% in the controls at 18 d; 100% emergence in protease-treated seeds vs. ~ 72.2% in the controls at 18 d. However, these parameters were comparable across the treatment and the controls at 28 d. Importantly, plant fresh and dry weights were significantly higher when seeds were primed with bromelain. The results suggest the use of bromelain extracts for priming pepper seeds based on their proteolytic activity, since germination is dependent on the availability of crude protein and essential amino acids. The benefits of bromelain seed priming appear to translate into improved seedling growth as well. 相似文献
4.
Guillermo Pérez Ermis Yanes Miriam Isidrón José Carlos Lorenzo 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,96(1):113-116
Fifty pineapple buds (cv. Red Spanish Pinar, donor) were collected from field-grown plants and cultured in vitro. Forty-three
young pineapple shoots were obtained after 42 d of implantation. Shoots were micropropagated for 168 d to produce 24,768 shoots.
Three hundred young leaves were randomly selected as explants for callus formation. Calli proliferated for 4 months. Five
hundred calli were randomly selected and transferred to the plantlet regeneration medium. Four hundred twenty-seven in vitro-plantlets
were obtained and later hardened ex vitro. Then, 387 plantlets were transferred to the field environment and asexually propagated
for two generations (30 months). Only two phenotype variants were identified: P3R5 and Dwarf. A more detailed study was carried
out to compare these two variants with the donor plant. The variant P3R5 showed differences in the number of slips and suckers,
and in the presence of thorns in the leaves and in the fruit crowns. The somaclonal variant Dwarf, was different from the
donor plant in regard with the plant height; the peduncle diameter; the number of shoots, slips and suckers; the fruit mass
with crown; the number of eyes in the fruit; the fruit height and diameter; the leaf color; the plant architecture; the length
of plant generation cycle; and the fruit color and shape. Both somaclonal variants showed different AFLP banding patterns
in comparison with the donor cultivar. 相似文献
5.
Summary Although pineapple plants have been found to produce proteases ex vitro, most of the biotechnological investigations of this crop have been focused on propagation. The procedure involving the use
of temporary immersion bioreactors is one of the most outstanding because of its high multiplication rate. We previously recorded
specific protease activity in the culture medium during the pre-elongation step of this protocol. Therefore, we decided to
modify the culture medium composition of this phase looking for an increase in protease excretion. Four independent experiments
were performed to evaluate the effects of different levels of sucrose (0–350.4 mM), inorganic salts [0–200% Murashige and Skoog (MS) salt strength], inositol (0–2.20 mM), and thiamine (0–1.2μM). The following indicators were recorded: shoot fresh mass per bioreactor; and protein concentration, proteolytic activity,
and specific protease activity in culture media. Specific protease activity, the most important indicator recorded, was highest
with 262.8 mM sucrose, 100% MS salt strength, 0.3 μM thiamine and no inositol. Results shown here demonstrate that conditions adequate for propagation purposes (87.6 mM sucrose, 100% MS salt strength, 0.55 mM inositol, 0.3 μM thiamine) are not always adequate for protease excretion. 相似文献
6.
Nicolas Cafaro La Menza Juan Pablo Monzon John L. Lindquist Timothy J. Arkebauer Johannes M. H. Knops Murray Unkovich James E. Specht Patricio Grassini 《Plant, cell & environment》2020,43(8):1958-1972
Nitrogen (N) supply can limit the yields of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in highly productive environments. To explore the physiological mechanisms underlying this limitation, seasonal changes in N dynamics, aboveground dry matter (ADM) accumulation, leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of absorbed radiation (fAPAR) were compared in crops relying only on biological N2 fixation and available soil N (zero-N treatment) versus crops receiving N fertilizer (full-N treatment). Experiments were conducted in seven high-yield environments without water limitation, where crops received optimal management. In the zero-N treatment, biological N2 fixation was not sufficient to meet the N demand of the growing crop from early in the season up to beginning of seed filling. As a result, crop LAI, growth, N accumulation, radiation-use efficiency and fAPAR were consistently higher in the full-N than in the zero-N treatment, leading to improved seed set and yield. Similarly, plants in the full-N treatment had heavier seeds with higher N concentration because of greater N mobilization from vegetative organs to seeds. Future yield gains in high-yield soybean production systems will require an increase in biological N2 fixation, greater supply of N from soil or fertilizer, or alleviation of the trade-off between these two sources of N in order to meet the plant demand. 相似文献
7.
Lourdes Yabor Mayda Arzola Carlos Aragón Martha Hernández Ariel Arencibia José Carlos Lorenzo 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,86(1):63-67
Evaluations were made during 30 days of in vitro-plantlet hardening. Transformed (bar, chitinase, ap24 transgenes) and non-transformed plantlets were compared. Both groups of plantlets were similar in regard with plant height and weight and peroxidase activity. However, statistical significant changes, caused by transformation, were recorded in levels of malondialdehyde, other aldehydes, chlorophyll (a, b, total), phenolics (free and cell wall-linked) and proteins. 相似文献
8.
Abstract. The relative growth rates and leaf area were graphed against leaf area, normalized with respect to final leaf area, to assess the applicability of the Lockhart cell wall expansion equation to soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaf development under field conditions. For leaves that had completed more than 20% of their growth, relative growth rates decreased linearly with an increase in the normalized leaf area, indicating that these leaves were undergoing strictly expansive growth. Drought stress significantly decreased the relative growth rate of these larger leaves. Small leaves which had completed less than 20% of their growth, were found to have highly variable relative growth rates. The large variability in relative growth rates indicated that the Lockhart cell wall expansion equation was inadequate to evaluate the growth of these young leaves. Drought stress had virtually no influence on the relative growth rates observed in the small leaves. 相似文献
9.
Sensitivity of soybean leaf development to water deficits 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
Abstract. Drought effects on the final leaf area of individual leaves were hypothesized to depend on the leaf developmental stage at which drought occurred. To evaluate this hypothesis, final leaf area and cell number were measured for soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) leaves that were at different stages of development when single or cyclical drought treatment was imposed. Leaf emergence rate from the meristem, as depicted by changes in the plastochron index, was not as sensitive as leaf expansion to cyclical droughts. For leaf expansion, small leaves, once they emerged from the meristem, suffered larger decreases in growth than leaves undergoing rapid leaf area expansion. Decreases in final leaf area as a result of a cyclical drought were correlated with decreases in final cell number. Decreases resulting from a single 8-d drought were dependent on the age of the leaf at the time of drought, because small leaves were found to have proportionately larger decreases in final cell number and area than larger leaves. These results indicated that age-dependent leaf responses to drought are based on the relative activity of cell division and expansion at the time stress was imposed. 相似文献
10.
Responses of soybean to oxygen deficiency and elevated root-zone carbon dioxide concentration 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Root flooding is damaging to the growth of crop plants such as soybean (Glycine max L.). Field flooding for 3 d often results in leaf chlorosis, defoliation, cessation of growth and plant death. These effects have been widely attributed solely to a lack of oxygen in the root-zone. However, an additional damaging factor may be CO(2), which attains levels of 30 % (v/v) of total dissolved gases. Accordingly, the effects of root-zone CO(2) on oxygen-deficient soybean plants were investigated in hydroponic culture. Soybean plants are shown to be very tolerant of excess water and anaerobiosis. No oxygen (100 % N(2) gas) and low oxygen (non-aerated) treatments for 14 d had no effect on soybean survival or leaf greenness, but plants became severely chlorotic and stunted when the roots were exposed to no oxygen together with CO(2) concentrations similar to those in flooded fields (equilibrium concentrations of 30 %). When root-zone CO(2) was increased to 50 %, a quarter of soybean plants died. Those plants that survived showed severe symptoms of chlorosis, necrosis and root death. In contrast, rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were not affected by the combination of no oxygen and elevated root-zone CO(2.) A concentration of 50 % CO(2) did not affect rice plant survival or leaf colour. These results suggest that the high susceptibility of soybean to soil flooding, compared with that of rice, is an outcome of its greater sensitivity to CO(2). 相似文献
11.
星星草营养器官适应盐胁迫的结构特征 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采用0.6%Na2CO3胁迫处理星星草[Puccinellia tenuiflora(Turcz.)Scribn.et Merr.]幼苗,光镜和电镜观察其根和叶的显微和超微结构。结果表明,星星草根的表皮向外突出形成密集的根毛;外皮层由1~2层细胞组成,排列较紧密;中皮层薄壁细胞排列疏松,形成发达的通气组织;内皮层呈典型的五面加厚;中柱鞘排列紧密,其壁加厚;初生木质部与初生韧皮部相间排列,初生木质部为5~7原型,中央为后生木质部导管,无髓存在。叶的表皮有表皮毛和丰富的蜡质层;叶上表皮泡状细胞数目较少,且深陷;气孔下陷,其下有较大的气室;叶脉有大、中、小3种维管束,大、中型维管束为C3型,小型维管束为C4型。星星草可能是介于C3和C4植物之间的类型,具有耐盐碱及耐干旱特征。 相似文献
12.
Soybean is an important agricultural crop and has, among its genotypes, a relatively wide variation in salt tolerance. As measured by vegetative growth and yield, however, the achievement or failure of a high emergence ratio and seedling establishment in saline soils can have significant economic implications in areas where soil salinity is a potential problem for soybean. This study was conducted to determine the effects of salinity, variety and maturation rate on soybean emergence and seedling growth. Included in the study were the variety ‘Manokin’; four near-isogenic sibling lines of the variety ‘Lee’ belonging to maturity groups IV, V, VI and VII; and the variety ‘Essex’ and two of its near-isogenic related lines representing maturity groups V, VI and VII, respectively. Field plots were salinized with sodium chloride and calcium chloride salts prior to planting. The soybeans were irrigated with furrow irrigation which redistributed the salts towards the tail ends of the field plots. Elevated soil salinity near the tail ends of the field significantly reduced soybean emergence rate, shoot height and root length. No significant reduction was found for emergence or seedling growth of variety ‘Manokin’ when the electrical conductivity of soil solution extract (ECe) was less than 3 dS m−1. Soybean emergence and seedling growth was significantly reduced when soil ECe reached about 11 dS m−1. Maturity groups V and VII of variety ‘Lee’ or V and VI of ‘Essex’ appeared to be more sensitive to salinity stress than other maturity groups. Salt tolerance of different genotypes and maturity groups should be considered, among other limiting factors, in minimizing salinity effects on soybean growth. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Cultivar differences in canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP) have been observed in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) but little is known about the physiological mechanisms which are responsible for such differences. This study was initiated to determine if variation in ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) and soluble protein exists among cultivars which differ in CAP during reproductive growth. In addition, the relationship between specific leaf weight (SLW) and leaf protein was examined. Two Maturity Group VI cultivars, Tracy (high CAP) and Davis (low CAP), were grown in the field during 1979, 1980, and 1981 and in a greenhouse experiment. Leaves located at two canopy positions (topmost, fully expanded leaf and eighth node from the top) in 1979 and three canopy positions (those mentioned, plus the fourth node from the top) in 1980 and 1981 were sampled. Leaves at the two upper canopy positions exhibited greater SLW, RuBPCase m–2, and soluble protein m–2 than found at the eighth node down. Photosynthetic capacity of leaves at inner canopy regions was therefore affected by both light penetration into the canopy and leaf protein status. Over the three year period, the SLW was 23 percent and the soluble protein m–2 leaf 21 percent greater in Tracy than in Davis. Although the trend in RuBPCase m–2 leaf was not significant, it was consistently greater in Tracy in the field and greenhouse. No cultivar differences were observed when the proteins were expressed on a unit of leaf dry weight. The quantity of RuBPCase per unit leaf area was positively correlated with SLW with significant partial correlation coefficients of 0.62, 0.67, 0.35, and 0.82 for 1979, 1980, 1981, and the greenhouse study, respectively. Since these cultivars have similar leaf area indices during September, the greater SLW of Tracy is translated into more photosynthetic proteins per unit ground area and higher CAP rate.Abbreviations AP
Leaf Apparent Photosynthesis
- CAP
Canopy Apparent Photosynthesis
- DAP
Days After Planting
- DTT
Dithothreitol
- HEPES
N-2-hydroethylpiperazine N-2 ethanesulfonic acid
- LAI
Leaf Area Index
- LSD
Least Significant Difference
- PPFD
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density
- PVP-40
Polyvinylpolypyrroledone (molecular weight, 4000)
- RuBPCase
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase
- SLW
Specific Leaf Weight 相似文献
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17.
Turnbull CG Sinclair ER Anderson KL Nissen RJ Shorter AJ Lanham TE 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》1999,18(4):145-152
Ethylene-releasing agents such as ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) are used widely to induce flowering in pineapples
(Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill). However, ethephon treatment is less reliable in summer, particularly if plants are treated on abnormally hot
days. [14C]ethephon was used to follow uptake and translocation in leaf tissues. Up to 30% of the ethephon entered the leaf within
4 h, and up to 60% by 24 h. Uptake was dramatically modified by temperature, relative humidity, solution pH, and the surface
on which solution droplets were placed. Entry occurred across the leaf cuticle and probably also by way of stomatal pores,
and label was recovered at all depths within the leaf. 14C label entered more rapidly through the abaxial epidermis than through the adaxial epidermis. Low-volume spray applications
to whole plants resulted in rapidly drying droplets mainly on the adaxial, distal epidermis and were rather ineffective at
inducing flowering, possibly because little ethephon or ethylene reaches the shoot apex. High-volume sprays may facilitate
ethephon entry because solution accumulates in leaf axils and hence remains in prolonged contact with abaxial epidermis of
leaf bases close to the shoot apex. When poured into the center of the plant, 20% of a normal commercial ethephon dose induced
full flowering even under adverse temperatures. It is suggested that high-volume evening spraying and avoidance of hot days
may reduce the incidence of flowering failure.
Received March 20, 1998; accepted September 6, 1999 相似文献
18.
对律草[Humulus scandens(Lour.) Merr.]全草干粉的不同溶剂提取物以及丙酮提取物的不同溶剂萃取物的杀虫活性进行了研究.在葎草的石油醚、苯、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮和乙醇提取物(333 g·L-1)中,丙酮和乙醇提取物对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)的触杀作用较强,其中丙酮提取物的触杀作用最强,试虫的48h校正死亡率达到86.67%.6种溶剂提取物(100g·L-1)对小菜蛾的拒食活性均较弱,24和48 h拒食率仅为9.65%~ 20.45%.6种溶剂提取物对棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)均有较强的触杀效果.其中丙酮提取物的触杀作用最强,经50g·L-1丙酮提取物处理后棉蚜24和48 h的校正死亡率分别为76.78%和85.64%,而经100g·L-1丙酮提取物处理后棉蚜24和48 h的校正死亡率分别为82.63%和92.53%.丙酮提取物的石油醚、三氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯萃取物对小菜蛾均有一定的触杀活性,且随萃取物浓度提高及处理时间的延长触杀活性增强;其中石油醚萃取物的触杀作用最强,经25.0g·L-1石油醚萃取物处理后小菜蛾24和48 h校正死亡率分别达到80.00%和96.67% 研究结果表明:葎草丙酮提取物对小菜蛾和棉蚜的杀虫活性均最强,其主要有效杀虫活性成分存在于丙酮提取物的石油醚萃取物中. 相似文献
19.
香菇子实体蛋白我糖的分离纯组成结构分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
香菇〔Lentinus edodes(Berk.)Sing.〕子实体经热水提取,乙醇沉淀,得多糖粗品(Le)。Le脱游离蛋白,脱色,经DEAE-纤维素柱及纤维素凝胶柱层析分离酏化和到Le-1、Le-2和 Le-33个级分。经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和SepharoseCL-6B柱层析鉴定为分子量分布均一的蛋白多糖。凝胶渗透色谱法测得Le-1、Le-2和 Le-3分子量分别为954000,90000和14000。3个级分均由阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和葡萄糖醛酸组成,气相色谱测得Le-1的阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖的摩尔比为0.39:0.46:1.00:0.93:14.13;Le-2为0.19:0.41:1.00:0.93:10.72;Le-3为0.31:0.47:1.00:1.15:8.92。Le-1、Le-2和 Le-3葡萄糖 醛酸含量(%)分别为24.10、34.77和40.05,蛋白质含量(%)分别为2.01、7.28和25.31,红外扫描确定Le-1和Le-2 的糖苷键为a型,Le-3为β型。 相似文献
20.
Abscisic acid mimics effects of dehydration on area expansion and photosynthetic partitioning in young soybean leaves 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. A. BUNCE 《Plant, cell & environment》1990,13(3):295-298
Abstract. Leaf area expansion, photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake and leaf dry mass accumulation were compared for expanding leaves of well-watered soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr.) plants, mildly dehydrated plants and well-watered plants treated with abscisic acid (ABA). Both ABA treatment and dehydration reduced area expansion in the light and over a 24 h period without decreasing the photosynthetic rates of expanding leaves. Dry mass accumulation during the light was less in ABA-treated and water-stressed leaves than in control leaves, with no differences among treatments in leaf mass per unit of area. ABA treatment and water stress both increased export of carbon from expanding leaves in the light. ABA applied near the end of the light period also increased export of carbon during the following dark period. However, it is unlikely that decreased availability of photosynthate caused slow expansion in the ABA and dehydration treatments, because expansion rates were not slowed in plants kept in dim light, even though photosynthetic rates and dry mass accumulation rates were greatly reduced. The data suggest that ABA may mediate the effects of mild dehydration on leaf area expansion and partitioning of photosynthate. 相似文献