猪血红蛋白降解菌株分离筛选与微生物特性

从多年被废弃畜禽血液浸染的土壤中,分离筛选出16株菌株。根据在酪蛋白/明胶平板上蛋白质水解圈比值大小,初步确定8株菌株为被选菌株;并分别在Hb发酵培养液中发酵72 h,测定蛋白酶活力、游离氨基酸含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、Hb降解率,最终确定一株菌株(编号为Lact5.Ⅲ)为所有被筛选出来的16株菌株中的最佳菌株。经过菌落形态观察初步确定为细菌,进一步测定生理、生化反应指标,鉴定该菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。     

产蛋白酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及水解菜粕蛋白能力

以筛选产蛋白酶菌株水解菜粕蛋白生产氨基酸为研究目的,利用牛奶、豆浆等选择性培养基,从土壤、水体等自然环境以及家禽内脏中分离到可利用蛋白质菌株90余株.通过菌株对菜粕蛋白利用及水解能力的研究,筛选出2株具有高效水解菜粕蛋白产氨基酸的菌株,分别编号为K11和G12.经形态学观察和16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定K11为短小芽胞杆菌(Bacillus pumilus),G12为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltrophilia).发酵实验表明,2株细菌具有高效水解菜粕蛋白的能力,发酵后菜粕中游离氨基酸最大含量达到8.2％,研究所得菌株对于利用菜粕蛋白资源具有非常重要的意义.     

一株降解牛血液蛋白菌株的分离鉴定及其降解条件优化

为了解决屠宰场废弃血液造成的环境污染及其有效利用问题,取样自日喀则地区屠宰场的废弃血液堆积土壤,梯度稀释涂布于血琼脂平板上进行分离,挑选有较大溶血环的菌落纯化,继而保藏菌种。对保藏菌株进行形态学、生理生化、16S rRNA基因序列鉴定并进行药敏试验、菌株生长条件的探究。用福林酚法测定保藏菌株的蛋白酶活力,初步优化血液培养基条件,提升保藏菌株血液降解效率。结果表明,得到了一株高效降解血液蛋白的菌株,编号为NWMCC0047,经过形态学鉴定、生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列鉴定,表明该菌株为乙酰微小杆菌(Exiguobacterium acetylicum)。其蛋白酶活力可达19.00 U/mL。最适生长条件：碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为牛肉膏、无机盐为磷酸氢二钠、pH值为7、温度为20℃。通过菌株对牛血液蛋白降解条件的初步优化,当血液添加量为10%(体积分数)、麦麸添加20 g/L、不添加无机盐、37℃培养85 h时,其降解率可达21.97%。实验为降解废弃血污提供了简单可参考的操作方法且为生产氨基酸肥料提供候选菌株。     

1株产几丁质酶海洋细菌Z-1的分离与鉴定

根据在胶体几丁质筛选平板上透明圈的大小,从大连海域海泥中筛选、分离出3株产几丁质酶的菌株,结合各菌株分泌的几丁质酶催化几丁质降解的产物及酶活特征,菌株Z-1为初筛3个菌株中较优良的产酶菌株。菌株Z-1产生的几丁质酶可将几丁质催化降解为4～5聚合度的几丁寡糖。电镜观察菌株Z-1为杆菌形态,提取菌株Z-1的基因组DNA,利用16S rDNA通用引物,扩增出菌株Z-1的16S rDNA序列,并与Gen-Bank其他已知菌株16S rDNA序列进行对比分析,建立了进化树,推断菌株Z-1为芽胞杆菌属,暂定名为Bacillus sp.Z-1。     

具细菌群体感应抑制活性海洋细菌的筛选鉴定

目的:从海洋环境中筛选对细菌群体感应有抑制作用的活性菌株,为以致病菌群体感应系统为靶点的新型疗法提供新的药用资源。方法:从海水中分离纯化细菌菌株,采用根癌农杆菌平板筛选模型筛选细菌群体感应抑制活性细菌,对筛选出的海洋细菌进行生理生化和16S rDNA序列测定,根据《伯杰氏手册》进行菌种分类鉴定。结果:从217株海洋细菌中筛选出1株能显著抑制细菌群体感应效应的海洋细菌Y2,该海洋细菌具有蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)的典型特征,其16S rDNA序列与GenBank中蜡样芽孢杆菌16S rDNA的部分序列有100%的同源性。结论:海洋环境中也存在具有抑制细菌群体感应活性的微生物。     

四株抗荔枝病原菌的芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定

荔枝果树根际土壤中筛选出4株芽孢杆菌OR-1、OR-2、OR-3、ON-6,都显示出抗荔枝病原菌的活性。采取对该菌株形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征和遗传特性进行研究的方法,结果表明菌株与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)的特征一致;将4菌株的16S rDNA序列在GenBank中进行序列比对,结果亦显示其与Bacillus subtilis的16S rDNA的序列片段的相似性均达99%以上;以相似性为基础构建系统进化树,分析表明菌株与Bacillus subtilis同源关系最近。最终得出结论为菌株OR-1、OR-2、OR-3、ON-6为枯草芽孢杆菌。     

水产源芽胞杆菌的分离鉴定及生物学功能分析

筛选具有较好生物学功能的芽胞杆菌(Bacillus),用以改善池塘养殖过程饲料等有机物降解、抑制水体中的病原菌,对从健康养殖鱼虾塘水体中分离的菌株,进行生化试验和16S rDNA序列分子鉴定;通过产酶、耐酸、耐高温试验,抑菌试验以及安全性试验研究分离菌株的生物学功能。试验共筛选出8株细菌,经生化试验及16S rDNA序列的分子鉴定,确定菌株ZHX17、ZHX18、ZHX31为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）,菌株ZHX14、ZHX15为地衣芽胞杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）、菌株NSX4、NSX7、NSX9为枯草芽胞杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）。试验结果表明,8株芽胞杆菌均具有较强的耐酸、耐高温特性,其中3株贝莱斯芽胞杆菌具有较强的分泌淀粉酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶的能力,抑菌效果好于其他5株芽胞杆菌。安全性试验结果表明,8株芽胞杆菌对草鱼、罗非鱼相对安全。8株芽胞杆菌同时具备分泌淀粉酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶3种胞外酶的能力,其中贝莱斯芽胞杆菌具有较强的病原菌抑菌能力,可以作为病原拮抗益生菌做进一步研究。     

八门湾红树林土壤芽胞杆菌分离与多样性分析

【目的】了解八门湾红树林海漆林区土壤中可培养芽胞杆菌资源的多样性。【方法】采用水浴处理与直接涂布相结合的方法选择性分离土壤中的芽胞杆菌;利用16S rDNA PCR-RFLP与16S rDNA序列分析技术研究可培养芽胞杆菌资源的遗传多样性和系统发育关系。【结果】16S rDNA PCR-RFLP酶切图谱UPGMA聚类分析表明,在100%的相似性水平上,分离的155株芽胞杆菌分属21个遗传类群,显示了较为丰富的遗传多样性;由21种遗传类型代表菌株的16S rDNA序列分析结果得知,这些芽胞杆菌主要分布在Bacillaceae和Paenibacillaceae科下的Bacillus、Halobacillus、Virgibacillus和Paenibacillus 4个属,其中Bacillus为优势属;有8株芽胞杆菌的16S rDNA序列与数据库中相应模式菌株的最大相似性在95.1%-99.0%之间。【结论】八门湾红树林土壤可培养芽胞杆菌有着较为丰富的遗传多样性,并存在新的芽胞杆菌物种资源。     

东寨港红树林土壤芽胞杆菌分离及其多样性分析

采用热处理法从海南省东寨港红树林海漆林区土壤中分离到276株芽胞杆菌,利用PCR-RFLP与序列分析技术对其16S rDNA遗传多样性进行了研究。16S rDNA PCR-RFLP酶切图谱的聚类分析表明,在100%的相似性水平上,分离的276株芽胞杆菌分属于15个遗传类群,表明存在较为丰富的遗传多样性。15种遗传类型的26株代表芽胞杆菌的16S rDNA序列分析可知,这些芽胞杆菌主要分布于Bacillus(69.2%)、Halobacillus(3.8%)、Virgibacillus(7.7%)、Gracilibacillus(3.8%)、Oceanobacillus(7.7%)和Lysinibacillus(7.7%)6个属,其中Bacillus为优势属。有3株芽胞杆菌的16S rDNA序列与数据库中相应模式菌株的最大相似性在98.O%~98.9%之间,可能为潜在的新分类单元。     

一株来自蚯蚓的产纤溶酶蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus的筛选及鉴定

对来自4个不同省份的5条蚯蚓的肠道及体表细菌进行分离,共获得122株细菌。通过脱脂奶粉平板法初筛,纤维蛋白平板法复筛,以透明圈为筛选标记,共筛选出产纤溶酶菌株12株,其中菌株SC-3-W-3的纤溶酶活力较高,达到了538.64 U/mL(相当于尿激酶的活力单位)。通过对其形态、培养、生理生化特征进行研究,发现其与蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus Frankland的特征很相符。进一步对SC-3-W-3的16S rDNA序列及系统发育分析表明,该菌株与蜡状芽孢杆菌的同源性高达100%。综合生理生化及16S rDNA序列比对结果,将SC-3-W-3菌株鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌。     

Detailed identification of desert-originated bacteria carried by Asian dust storms to Japan

Several halotolerant bacteria were isolated from dust allowed to settle passively on saline medium in Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan during Asia dust events in 2005–2006. The primary identification, based on the sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, revealed that these isolates were strains of Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Gracillibacillus sp., and Halomonas venusta. A parallel investigation carried out on desert sand collected directly from sand dunes in Dunhuang, Gobi Desert, China resulted in the revivification of seven bacterial strains that were highly identical to the B. subtilis and B. licheniformis strains obtained in Higashi-Hiroshima (99.7 and 100% of 16S rDNA sequence similarity, respectively). A subsequent genetic analysis on the group of B. licheniformis isolates based on the universally house-keeping genes, gyrB and parE, revealed high sequence similarities in both genes among the strains of both locations (99.0–99.4%), which clustered them in a monophyletic line. Phenotype characterized by numerical taxonomy for 150 physiological tests confirmed the close relatedness between strains (similarity coefficient S _SM = 96.0%). The remarkable agreement between phenotype and genotype of the bacterial isolates allows us to conclude that there may have been an aerosolized dispersion of a Gobi Desert B. licheniformis by dust storms to Japan. This study provides evidence of microbial transport by yellow dust events in North-East Asia.     

细菌群体感应抑制活性微生物Zou 03的筛选与鉴定

从近海区生态环境中分离纯化98株海洋菌株,以根癌农杆菌WCF47为敏感检测菌株,筛选出1株具细菌群体感应抑制活性的菌株Zou03,对其进行形态、生理生化特征鉴定和16S rDNA分子鉴定。结果显示,Zou03具枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)的典型特征,其16S rDNA序列通过对比分析,与GenBank中枯草芽胞杆菌16SrDNA的部分序列同源性为100%。综合形态、生化特征及16S rDNA序列对比分分析,鉴定菌株Zou03为枯草芽胞杆菌。表明近海区生态环境中存在具有抑制细菌群体感应活性的微生物,有利于海洋微生物资源开发,为以致病菌群体感应系统为靶点的新型疗法提供新技术。     

Identification of a fibrinolytic enzyme by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus vallismortis</Emphasis> and its potential as a bacteriolytic enzyme against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptococcus mutans</Emphasis>

A potent fibrinolytic enzyme-producing bacterium was isolated from the traditional Korean condiment Chungkook-jang and identified as Bacillus vallismortis Ace02. The extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme was purified with a 18% recovery of activity from supernatant cultures using CM-Sepharose column chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 757 kFU mg⁻¹. Its molecular mass was about 28 kDa and the initial amino acids of the N-terminal sequence were AQSVPYGVSQ. The full amino acid sequence of fibrinolytic enzyme Ace02 corresponded with bacteriolytic enzyme, L27, from Bacillus licheniformis, which has strong lytic activity against Streptococcus mutans, a major causative strain of dental caries. This suggests that the purified enzyme should be used for prevention of dental caries as well as being an effective thrombolytic agent.     

Isolation and characterization of a new keratinolytic Bacillus licheniformis strain

A keratin-degrading bacterium strain (K-508) was isolated from partially degraded feathers and characterized. This isolate exhibited a high chicken feather-degrading activity when cultured in feather-containing broth with a growth optimum of pH 7.0 and 47 °C. On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics (quickly moving, Gram-positive rods), the results of metabolic tests and rDNA sequence analysis, it was identified as Bacillus licheniformis. Its fermentation broth showed activity on N-Bz-l-Phe-l-Val-l-Arg-p-nitroanilide, N-Suc-l-Ala-l-Ala-l-Pro-l-Phe-p-nitroanilide, N-CBZ-Gly-Gly-l-Leu-p-nitroanilide and N-CBZ-l-Ala-l-Ala-l-Leu-p-nitroanilide as chromogenic protease substrates at near neutral pH. Both trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like proteases were constitutively secreted by this strain.     

一株产低温蛋白酶地衣芽胞杆菌NWMCC0046全基因组测序及分析

地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)NWMCC0046是从西藏日喀则地区屠宰场废弃血污放置土壤中分离得到的一株益生菌,产生的碱性蛋白酶在低温下有作为洗涤剂添加酶的潜力。深入分析菌株NWMCC0046的基因组序列信息,并挖掘该菌株功能特性基因及潜在应用价值。使用PacBio RS II平台和Illumina HiSeq 4000平台对菌株NWMCC0046的基因组进行测序,并对测序数据进行基因组组装、基因预测与功能注释、共线性分析、进化分析及次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测。菌株NWMCC0046全基因组大小为4 321 565 bp,平均GC含量为46.78%,共编码4 504个基因。基因注释揭示了其益生菌特性,如胃肠道内独特的适应性、抗氧化活性和抗菌活性。此外,菌株NWMCC0046还编码工业上许多重要的酶。进化树及共线性结果表明,菌株NWMCC0046属地衣芽胞杆菌且与地衣芽胞杆菌ATCC 14580具有较好的共线性。同时,预测到菌株NWMCC0046中有11个次级代谢产物合成基因簇,编码地衣素、丰原素、杆菌肽和丁酰苷菌素等生物活性物质。基因组信息存储于GenBa...     

一株3-苯氧基苯甲酸降解菌的筛选及其协同Bacillus licheniformis G-04降解高效氯氰菊酯的研究

【目的】从长期受拟除虫菊酯类农药污染的白菜根系土壤分离1株3-苯氧基苯甲酸(3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 3-PBA)降解菌,并探究其与Bacillus licheniformis G-04协同作用对高效氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin,Beta-CP)的降解及污染土壤的生物修复,为土壤农药残留危害处理提供优良菌种。【方法】采用富集驯化、筛选纯化方法,筛选3-PBA降解菌,并通过形态和生理生化特征以及16S rRNA序列分析进行鉴定。利用Origin 8.0分析3-PBA降解菌与B. licheniformis G-04的生长降解动力学过程。同时,采用高效液相色谱法评估两菌株协同降解Beta-CP的能力及其对受Beta-CP污染土壤的修复作用。【结果】筛选得到1株3-PBA高效降解菌HA516,48 h对3-PBA (100 mg/L)的降解率达到87.73%,经鉴定为皮特不动杆菌(Acinetobacter pittii);构建了该菌株和B. licheniformis G-04的生长降解动力学方程,结果表明模型与实验数据能较好拟合;以6.7∶3.3的接种比例先接种B. licheniformis G-04,24 h后再接入A. pittii HA516协同作用,在48 h,Beta-CP (50 mg/L)的降解率达78.37%,较单菌株(B. licheniformisG-04)的降解率(40.47%)提高了37.90%,半衰期从58.39h缩短为24.51h。土壤修复实验表明,第7天协同组对Beta-CP(30mg/kg)的降解率较单菌株提高了33.26%,达到79.27%。【结论】A.pittiiHA516是1株3-PBA高效降解菌,能与B. licheniformis G-04协同增效降解Beta-CP,可作为修复3-PBA或拟除虫菊酯类农药污染的优良微生物资源。     

Cloning and expression of an endocellulase gene from a novel streptomycete isolated from an East African soda lake

Alkaline cellulase-producing actinomycete strains were isolated from mud samples collected from East African soda lakes. The strains were identified as novel Streptomyces spp. by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. A cellulase gene (cel12A) from Streptomyces sp. strain 11AG8 was cloned by expression screening of a genomic DNA library in Escherichia coli. From the nucleotide sequence of a 1.5-kb DNA fragment, an open reading frame of 1,113 nucleotides was identified encoding a protein of 371 amino acids. From computer analysis of the sequence, it was deduced that the Cel12A mature enzyme is a protein of 340 amino acids. The protein contained a catalytic domain, a glycine-rich linker region, and a cellulose-binding domain of 221, 12, and 107 amino acids, respectively. FASTA analysis of the catalytic domain of Cel12A classified the enzyme as a family 12 endoglucanase and the cellulose-binding domain as a family IIa CBD. Streptomyces rochei EglS was determined as nearest neighbor with a similarity of 75.2% and 61.0% to the catalytic domain and the cellulose-binding domain, respectively. The cell2A gene was subcloned in a Bacillus high-expression vector carrying the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens amylase regulatory sequences, and the construct was transformed to a Bacillus subtilis host strain. Crude enzyme preparations were obtained by ultrafiltration of cultures of the Bacillus subtilis recombinant strain containing the 11AG8 cell2A gene. The enzyme showed carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) activities over a broad pH range (5-10) with an optimum activity at pH 8 and 50 degrees C. The enzyme retained more than 95% of its activity after incubation for 30 min under these conditions.     

一株以葡萄糖为底物产2,3-丁二醇微生物菌株的筛选及鉴定

从自然界中筛选出一批以葡萄糖为底物发酵产2,3-丁二醇的菌株,经初步发酵测定发酵液中2,3-丁二醇含量,其中菌株6-7的2,3-丁二醇产量最高达49.6g/L。对其进行常规生理生化鉴定实验,并结合16SrDNA序列分析,比对结果表明,菌株6-7与Bacillus subtilis strain BIHB332相似性达99%。在细菌分类学上属于枯草芽孢杆菌属,将其命名为Bacillussubtilis6-7。其特点是属于环境友好和食品安全型菌株,因此,利用Bacillus subtilis6-7生产2,3-丁二醇具有良好的工业应用价值。     

一株纤维蛋白溶解酶产生菌的鉴定及其产酶条件初步研究

从亚洲传统发酵食品--虾酱中筛选到一株产纤维蛋白溶解酶能力较强的菌株,通过形态和常规生理生化性质鉴定,发现该菌株与芽孢杆菌属细菌的特征很相近,结合16S rDNA序列分析,构建系统发育树,确定其分类地位,由中国典型培养物保藏中心定名为Bacillus sp.nov.SK006(CCTCC No.M 205071),并优化了发酵培养基组成及培养条件,本研究为该菌株的深入研究和广泛应用提供了理论依据.     

The nucleotide sequence of the lipo-penicillinase gene of alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain 170

The lipo-penicillinase (LIPEN) gene from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain 170 was cloned in Escherichia coli using the vector pHSG399. A plasmid, pFAP121, was isolated from an ampicillin resistant transformant and the cloned LIPEN gene was found to be in a 2.2 kb DNA fragment. The nucleotide sequence of a 1.9 kb segment encoding the LIPEN was determined. This segment showed an open reading frame which would encode a polypeptide of 310 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of this LIPEN gene product has strong homology with those of the Bacillus cereus -lactamase III and Bacillus licheniformis penicillinase.