共查询到14条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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厌氧氨氧化菌的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
厌氧氨氧化技术是一种新型生物脱氮技术,在废水处理中具有广泛的应用前途,对全球海洋的氮循环起着重要作用。由于反应中不需另加有机物、不消耗氧气、不会产生二次污染等优点,厌氧氨氧化技术受到格外关注。通常认为,厌氧氨氧化的机理在于厌氧氨氧化菌使氨和亚硝酸反应生成氮气。通过16SrRNA分子生物学方法已鉴定出该菌群属于分枝很深的浮霉菌,由于至今未能成功分离到纯的菌株,未正式命名,对其微生态环境以及生理生化特征也未能取得一致的意见。本文综述了国内外对厌氧氨氧化微生物的作用、分布、种类、生理生化特征等研究进展,认为厌氧氨氧化菌的分离纯化、生物特性、小生境等是今后的主要研究方向。 相似文献
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厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
厌氧氨氧化(Anaerobic ammonium oxidation,Anammox)工艺是一种新的生物脱氮技术。一经问世即得到人们青睐,现已成为废水脱氮的升级技术。厌氧氨氧化菌(Anaerobicammoniumoxidation bacteria,AnAOB)是Anammox工艺的功能之源。以颗粒污泥形态存在的AnAOB是Anammox颗粒污泥床脱氮系统的重要支柱。由于AnAOB生长缓慢且对环境条件变化敏感,Anammox脱氮系统不仅启动缓慢,而且运行极易失稳甚至崩溃。值得庆幸的是,AnAOB可自主选择、组合和固定功能菌群落而形成Anammox颗粒污泥,并通过其优良的重力沉降性能和高效的基质转化性能保障Anammox脱氮系统的持续工作。本文综述了AnAOB的种类和特性及Anammox颗粒污泥的组成、结构和功能,以期为Anammox工艺的优化和拓展提供参考。 相似文献
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基于厌氧氨氧化的污水生物脱氮工艺近年来发展迅速,污水处理系统中厌氧氨氧化菌的分布和多样性成为了重要的研究方向。目前,在污水处理系统中曾检测出多种厌氧氨氧化(Anaerobic ammonium oxidation,Anammox)菌,最常被检测出的是待定布罗卡地菌Candidate Brocadia和待定斯图加特库氏菌Candidate Kuenenia的Anammox菌,并且研究发现单一生境下往往只存在一种类型的Anammox菌,但是影响Anammox菌分布和多样性的因素与机制目前仍不明确。系统总结了污水处理系统中,不同工艺形式和运行条件下的Anammox菌分布情况,归纳分析了关键因素对Anammox菌分布的影响,包括底物浓度和微生物比生长速率、污泥性质与微生物生境、多重因素的联合作用和影响等。在此基础上,阐述了Anammox菌分布机制研究的工程意义,并对该领域的研究方向和思路进行了展望。 相似文献
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中试厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动与调控 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:16
研究了中试厌氧氨氧化(Anaerobic ammonium oxidation,Anammox)反应器的启动性能。结果表明,以硝化反硝化污泥、短程硝化污泥、厌氧絮体污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥混合接种,经过255d的运行,可在常温下(5oC~27oC)成功启动中试Anammox反应器,反应器的基质氮去除速率可达1.30kg/(m3·d)。厌氧氨氧化是致碱反应,厌氧氨氧化成为反应器内的主导反应后,进水pH宜控制在厌氧氨氧化适宜范围的偏低水平(6.8左右)。亚硝酸盐既是Anammox菌的基质,也是抑制剂,控制进水亚硝酸盐浓度(13~36mg/L)有助于厌氧氨氧化反应。菌种是生物反应器的功能之源,向中试装置投加少量厌氧氨氧化污泥(投加比2%),可大大加速中试Anammox反应器的启动进程。 相似文献
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厌氧氨氧化启动过程Anammox菌富集规律和差异分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为明确厌氧氨氧化反应器启动过程中Anammox菌的富集规律,采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)和实时荧光定量PCR(q-PCR)分析技术,对未添加填料、添加多面空心球以及添加竹炭的3个UASB反应器厌氧氨氧化启动过程中Anammox菌的增长规律进行分析。研究表明,Anammox菌的相对数量和绝对数量均随着启动时间呈逐渐递增趋势,在稳定运行阶段的第123天,无填料、多面空心球和竹炭反应器中Anammox菌分别占总细菌的23.3%、32.6%和43.7%,单位VSS污泥中Anammox菌16S rRNA基因拷贝数分别为(25.64±2.76)×107、(47.12±2.76)×107和(577.99±27.25)×107拷贝数g–1 VSS。竹炭反应器中Anammox菌最大生长率和最短倍增时间分别为0.064 d?1和10.8 d,最大生长率分别是无填料和多面空心球反应器的1.78倍和1.88倍。因此,填料添加特别是竹炭的添加可极大地促进Anammox菌的选择性生长和繁殖。FISH和q-PCR分析技术均适用于Anammox菌的富集规律研究,但因其检测目标存在差异,造成两者表征结果有所不同。 相似文献
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亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化(nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation,N-DAMO)是耦合氮循环和碳循环的关键环节,主要是由亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化菌(Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera)介导完成,对于研究全球氮和碳元素的生物地球化学循环具有重要意义。本文首先总结了国内外N-DAMO的影响因素和在不同自然生态系统中的分布;然后阐述了N-DAMO菌的生理生化特性及其富集培养优化实验和检测技术,最后探讨了N-DAMO技术的应用现状。本综述不仅有助于揭示全球碳氮循环的耦合作用机制,也为N-DAMO反应耦合其他厌氧生物处理过程应用到污水的除碳脱氮上提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Theo H. M. Smits Arne Hüttmann David N. Lerner Christof Holliger 《Bioremediation Journal》2009,13(1):41-51
The aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterial guilds were studied from two multilevel samplers in an ammonium-contaminated aquifer in the UK. By end point polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the presence of betaproteobacterial ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) planctomycetes was demonstrated. The sequences of cloned anammox-specific PCR fragments had close relationships with known anammox strains. Real-time PCR was subsequently used to determine the relative size of betaproteobacterial ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacterial guilds in relation to the whole bacterial community, showing large differences between the two multilevel samplers. The depth profiles of the guild sizes correlated well with the profiles of the major geochemical parameters such as ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and oxygen. A maximum of, 24% of anammox planctomycetes, 16S rRNA gene copies within the total bacterial, 16S rRNA gene copies in one of the boreholes indicated that the anammox process could have an important contribution in the natural attenuation of the ammonium plume at the site. 相似文献
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A moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was used with an immobilized Pseudomonas sp. SZF15 strain in a Yu long filter (a novel bioactive carrier), which has the ability to remove nitrate and Fe (II) simultaneously. Optimum operating conditions were achieved with a nitrate removal ratio of 95.62% and an Fe (II) oxidation ratio of 88.09%. Meanwhile, high-throughput sequencing results confirmed that the immobilized Pseudomonas sp. SZF15 was not lost during the operation. This study lays the foundation for practical application of groundwater treatment. 相似文献
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Xiaowei Zhang Kun Liu Ping Li Jimmy J. J. Jiao Volodymyr Dvornyk 《Geomicrobiology journal》2019,36(6):522-532
Nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-damo) process, mediated by Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera of the candidate phylum NC10, was discovered recently which plays an important role in coupling the global nitrogen and carbon cycles. However, the distribution and diversity of this new anaerobic methane-oxidizing microorganism have not been investigated in desert lakes yet. The present study successfully retrieved n-damo bacterial 16S rRNA and pmoA gene sequences using PCR technique from lakes in Badain Jaran Desert of China. Phylogenetic analyses showed that n-damo bacteria widely occurred in brine and freshwater lakes on the desert with high diversity, including both sediment and water samples. The results of quantitative PCR indicated that the abundance of the 16S rRNA gene in lake sediments varied from 1.12?±?0.68?×?105 to 1.64?±?0.70?×?105 copies g?1 (dry weight), while that in water samples per milliliter was generally one order of magnitude lower than sediments. Correlation analyses suggested that n-damo bacterial abundance and diversity strongly depended on salinity. In lake sediments, the distribution, abundance, and diversity of n-damo bacteria were significantly associated with depth due to the concentration gradient of the NOx- and ammonium. This study provided new insights into both the n-damo community patterns and its interaction with ambient environmental factors in the desert lake ecosystem. 相似文献
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董灵波;刘兆刚;李凤日;蒋蕾 《植物研究》2014,34(1):114-120
根据凉水自然保护区28块典型阔叶红松林样地的5个林分空间结构参数和18个影响因子数据,采用典范对应分析(CCA)方法,对凉水自然保护区阔叶红松林林分空间结构与影响因子间关系进行分析。研究结果表明:(1)研究区域阔叶红松林整体具有较好的林分空间结构,其水平分布格局主要表现为随机分布,树木生长整体处于中庸状态,林木的整体混交程度较高;(2)林分空间结构的CCA排序较好的揭示了该区林分空间结构与影响因子的关系;CCA第一排序轴反映了林龄、坡度、阔叶比和坡向的变化,第二排序轴反映了坡向、土壤有机质和平均胸径的变化,上述6因子的组合是决定林分空间结构特征的主要影响因子;(3)影响林分空间结构的变量中,地形、土壤和林分因子共解释了林分空间结构变化的59.20%,其中纯地形因子占30.68%,纯林分因子占19.01%,纯土壤因子占8.21%,未能解释部分为40.80%。 相似文献