川南甘洛黔北仁怀地区晚奥陶世和早志留世四射珊瑚新资料及其地质意义

报道首次在川南甘洛田坝地区晚奥陶世晚期Hirnantian期观音桥层中发现四射珊瑚Borelasma,Crassilasma和Streptelasma等属,这一珊瑚群可与黔北毕节、仁怀地区同期的四射珊瑚群对比,进一步表明扬子区晚奥陶世晚期的四射珊瑚与北欧斯堪的纳维亚同期的珊瑚群关系密切。首次报道川南甘洛田坝早志留世的四射珊瑚Brachyelasma,Crassilasma和Entelophyllum3属,这一属群可与上扬子区重庆綦江早志留世石牛栏组或滇东北大关地区早志留世Telychian期早期嘶风崖组四射珊瑚群对比。文中还报道黔北仁怀石场晚奥陶世观音桥层2个四射珊瑚新种,即Brachyelasma concavitabulatum sp．nov．和Crassilasma obliquitabulatum sp．nov．。     

黔北晚奥陶世和早志留世四射珊瑚新资料

报道黔北早志留志中期（Middle Llandovery)地层中新发现的四射珊瑚7属--Cantrillia,Neocantrillia,Prototryplasma,Pycnostylus,Dalmanophyllum?.Rhegmaphyllum,Schlotheimophyllum,并描述产自黔东北石阡奥陶纪末期（Late Ashgill)观音桥层四射珊瑚2种--Grewingkia cf.bilateralis Neuman,Brachyelasma cf.medioseptatum(Neuman)及晚奥陶世（Early Ashgill期）涧草沟组中首次发现的四射珊瑚Crassilasma sp.。全文共描述四射珊瑚13属18种,其中6新种,它们是Crassilasma fenggangense sp.nov.,C.crebrumseptatum sp.nov.,Dinophyllum insolitum sp.nov.,Neocantrillia silurica sp.nov.,Prototryplasma guizhouense sp.nov.,Schlotheimophyllum regeneranum sp.nov.。     

滇东北大关地区志留纪兰多维列世晚期(Telychian期)的四射珊瑚动物群

对大关地区的Telychian期嘶风崖组和大路寨组的四射珊瑚进行详细研究。嘶风崖组计有四射珊瑚18属34种,大路寨组计有四射珊瑚9属10种。描述四射珊瑚12 属19 种,其中1 新属, 5 新种,分别是:Protoketo phyllum daguanense gen. et sp. nov., Crassilasma huanggexiense sp. nov., Pseudophaulactis heae sp. nov., P.convolutus sp. nov., Shensiphyllum minor sp. nov.。论述了嘶风崖组和大路寨组四射珊瑚动物群特征及其地质意义,尤其是嘶风崖组的四射珊瑚代表了上扬子区Telychian早期的四射珊瑚动物群,完善了上扬子区志留纪兰多维列世四射珊瑚的序列和对研究该阶段四射珊瑚辐射期的进一步分析具有重要意义。     

扬子区中、晚奥陶世和兰多维利世四射珊瑚起源、扩散及生物古地理关系

扬子区中奥陶世—志留纪兰多维利世四射珊瑚产出丰富 ,尤以兰多维利世最为繁盛。目前已报道的1 2 3属 (包括中奥陶世 4属 ,晚奥陶世 2 5属 ,兰多维利世 94属 )中 ,有 30属最早出现在扬子区 ,尔后扩散到欧洲、北美和其它邻区。例如 :Calostylis最早出现在川南的中奥陶世 (Llandeilo)地层中 ;Aphyllum和Cantrillia最早出现在浙西的晚奥陶世中Ashgill地层 ;扭心珊瑚类Briantelasma ,Pycnactis和Tunguselasma等 ,最早出现在黔东北晚Ruddanian地层 ;柱珊瑚类Ceriaster、Stauria、Amplexoides、Synamplexoides等 ,泡沫珊湖类Maikottia ,Rhizophyl lum等均最早出现在黔东北的中兰多维利统 (MiddleLlandovery)。根据这些资料 ,我们认为扬子区应该是奥陶纪和志留纪四射珊瑚起源中心之一。文中论述扬子区中奥陶世—兰多维利世四射珊瑚动物群特征及其生物古地理关系。该区中奥陶世珊瑚以穿孔珊瑚类的Calostylis和Yohophyllum为特征。下扬子区浙西晚奥陶世三衢山组 (中Ashgill)四射珊瑚群有某些澳大利亚分子Hillophyllum和Bowanophyllum ;而上扬子区晚Ashgill观音桥层的四射珊瑚动物群与北欧同期珊瑚群有高度的相似性。这表明扬子区当时与欧洲具有较密切的古生物地理关系。扬子区兰多维利世四射珊瑚群与西伯利亚。     

河南晚石炭世太原组的一些四射珊瑚

河南晚石炭世太原组为一套海陆交互相的含煤地层,在灰岩层中含有一些保存较好的四射珊瑚化石,过去从未报道。本文记述的四射珊瑚化石是由笔者之一梁湘沅近年来在河南巩县、鹤壁及永城地区的太原组钻孔内采得的。经鉴定有4属6种1未定种,其中5新种,它们是:Lopholasma cratoseptatatum sp.nov,Lophocarinophyllum karpinskyi Fomichev,L.misticarinum sp.nov.,L.tenuiseptatum sp.nov.,L.sp.,Tachylasma carinum sp.nov.,yakovleuiella raridissepta sp.nov.。以上珊瑚中,Lopholasma最早出现在北美中泥盆统,后见于亚洲石炭系(Hill,1981),     

滇东北奥陶纪三叶虫的地层分布

详细讨论滇东北奥陶纪的岩石地层和动物群特征,初步建立区内的三叶虫地层序列,据此可靠确定各有关岩组的时代。该地区除普遍缺失早奥陶世早期的沉积外,依次发育了红花园组(特马豆克末期—弗洛初期),湄潭组(弗洛期—达瑞威尔初期),风洞岗组(达瑞威尔早—晚期),十字铺组(达瑞威尔末期—桑比早期)、宝塔组(桑比晚期—凯迪早期),盐津组(晚凯迪早期)、五峰组(晚凯迪晚期)及观音桥组(赫南特期),岩相与黔北的相应岩组可作大致对比,而三叶虫动物群的组成和序列则大体与当时同属扬子陆块西部边缘的沉积区包括滇东、滇东南、黔北、川中、重庆、陕南及安徽和县等地区相似。共记述本区奥陶纪三叶虫计19属27种,分属14科。并对其中的一个新种Hungioides yanjinensis sp.nov.以及两个未命名的新种Abulbaspis sp.nov.和Plaesiacomiasp.nov.作系统描述。Abulbaspis过去仅报道于华北和哈萨克斯坦地区的达瑞威尔阶,而在本地区则产于桑比阶上部—凯迪阶下部;Plaesiacomia广泛分布于达瑞威尔阶—桑比阶西泛冈瓦纳地区,在滇东北的发现不但将该属的分布区域扩大到了东泛冈瓦纳地区,而且因其产出于大坪中期的层段,表明该属可能起源于东泛冈瓦纳,尔后才向西迁移的;这两属在扬子区的首次发现,对于进一步研究奥陶纪不同区块间的三叶虫动物群的扩散和交流具有重要意义。     

滇东北奥陶纪三叶虫的地层分布北大核心CSCD

详细讨论滇东北奥陶纪的岩石地层和动物群特征,初步建立区内的三叶虫地层序列,据此可靠确定各有关岩组的时代。该地区除普遍缺失早奥陶世早期的沉积外,依次发育了红花园组(特马豆克末期—弗洛初期),湄潭组(弗洛期—达瑞威尔初期),风洞岗组(达瑞威尔早—晚期),十字铺组(达瑞威尔末期—桑比早期)、宝塔组(桑比晚期—凯迪早期),盐津组(晚凯迪早期)、五峰组(晚凯迪晚期)及观音桥组(赫南特期),岩相与黔北的相应岩组可作大致对比,而三叶虫动物群的组成和序列则大体与当时同属扬子陆块西部边缘的沉积区包括滇东、滇东南、黔北、川中、重庆、陕南及安徽和县等地区相似。共记述本区奥陶纪三叶虫计19属27种,分属14科。并对其中的一个新种Hungioides yanjinensis sp.nov.以及两个未命名的新种Abulbaspis sp.nov.和Plaesiacomiasp.nov.作系统描述。Abulbaspis过去仅报道于华北和哈萨克斯坦地区的达瑞威尔阶,而在本地区则产于桑比阶上部—凯迪阶下部;Plaesiacomia广泛分布于达瑞威尔阶—桑比阶西泛冈瓦纳地区,在滇东北的发现不但将该属的分布区域扩大到了东泛冈瓦纳地区,而且因其产出于大坪中期的层段,表明该属可能起源于东泛冈瓦纳,尔后才向西迁移的;这两属在扬子区的首次发现,对于进一步研究奥陶纪不同区块间的三叶虫动物群的扩散和交流具有重要意义。     

塔里木盆地西部西克尔兰多维列统珊瑚动物群北大核心CSCD

提要描述的珊瑚化石采自塔里木盆地西部伽师县西克尔地区,含珊瑚的地层是兰多维列统的柯坪塔格组。柯坪塔格组是目前塔里木盆地唯一有珊瑚的志留纪地层,西克尔又是塔里木盆地仅知有柯坪塔格组珊瑚动物群的地区,对我国志留纪古生物地理区系研究有重要意义。文内描述的柯坪塔格组珊瑚动物群包含床板珊瑚2属3种,日射珊瑚1属2种和皱纹珊瑚1属1种,属种名单是Paleofavosites schmidti Sokolov,P.schmidti borealis Sokolov,Schedohalysites raregonopora sp.nov.,Mcleodea jiashiensis sp.nov.,M.xikeerensis sp.nov.和Kodonophyllum cf.undulatun He and Huang。     

广西桂林菜子岩剖面中-上泥盆统界线附近的珊瑚动物群

中泥盆世吉维特期至晚泥盆世弗拉期早期,桂林菜子岩剖面处于浅水台地与较深水盆地过渡相区,因而含有较丰富的底栖生物(珊瑚、腕足类等)和浮游生物化石,包括有重要的牙形石带分子,因此该剖面是一重要的浅水相区与较深水相区对比的参考剖面。总体来看,菜子岩剖面的吉维特期晚期较弗拉期早期的四射珊瑚及床板珊瑚均要常见,其中四射珊瑚Truncicarinulum广泛分布,吉维特期晚期(自牙形石Schmidtognathus hermanni带至吉维特期结束)可以称为Truncicarinulum liujingense-Planocoenites guilinensis组合,但其主要特点则是以含有丰富的床板珊瑚为特征。弗拉期早期则以Phacellophyllum的较广分布为特点,可以称为Phacellophyllum stereoseptatum四射珊瑚动物群。文中共描述和图示了5属8种四射珊瑚和9属10种床板珊瑚。其中四射珊瑚有一个新种:Phacellophyllum stereoseptatum Liao and Ma sp.nov.;床板珊瑚有2个新种:Crassialveolites gaoshangtianensis Deng and Ma sp.nov.,Planocoenites guilinensis Deng and Ma sp.nov.。     

湖南沅陵地区晚石炭世的四射珊瑚北大核心CSCD

湖南沅陵地区上石炭统发育完整,自下而上分为大埔组和马平组。其中下部大埔组产大量复体四射珊瑚,经鉴定计有7属11种,包括2个新种:Orionastraea yuanlingensis sp.nov.,Ivanovia yuanlingensis sp.nov.,另有2个未定种。根据四射珊瑚的分布特征,建立了Lithostrotionella-Arachnastraea四射珊瑚组合,与华南该时期的四射珊瑚组合能很好的对比,并主要对应于研究区的Fusulinella-Fusulina带,确定了其时代为晚石炭世早期。通过对这些四射珊瑚的组成特征及形态功能分析,并结合岩相古地理特征,判断其生活在一种水较浅、能量较高、陆源碎屑充足的近岸环境。     

Early Silurian(Telychian)rugose coral fauna of Daguan area, northeast Yunnan Province,China

Study on rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation(early Telyehian)and Daluzhai Formation (mid-late Telychian)in Daguan area,northeast Yunnan Province,China was carded out.Rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation included 18 genera and 34 species,while Daluzhai Formation with nine genera,ten species.We described rugose coral fauna(12 genera,19 species)including one new genus and five new species,i.e.Protoketophyllum daguanense gen.et sp.nov..Crassilasma huanggexiense sp.nov.,Pseudophaulactis heae sp.nov.,P.convolutus sp.nov.,and Shensiphyllum minor sp.nov..The characteristics and geological significance of rugose coral fauna of Sifengya Formation and Daluzhai Formation were analyzed.Particularly,mgose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation represent early Telychian rugosan fauna in the Upper Yangtze region and improve the sequences of early Silurian(Llandovery)mgose coral assemblages in Yangtze region.It is therefore very meaningful to further analyze radiation period of rugose coral fauna in such epoch.     

Early Silurian (Telychian) rugose coral fauna of Daguan area, northeast Yunnan province, China

Study on rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation (early Telychian) and Daluzhai Formation (mid-late Telychian) in Daguan area, northeast Yunnan Province, China was carried out. Rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation included 18 genera and 34 species, while Daluzhai Formation with nine genera, ten species. We described rugose coral fauna (12 genera, 19 species) including one new genus and five new species, i.e. Protoketophyllum daguanense gen. et sp. nov., Crassilasma huanggexiense sp. nov., Pseudophaulactis heae sp. nov., P. convolutus sp. nov., and Shensiphyllum minor sp. nov. The characteristics and geological significance of rugose coral fauna of Sifengya Formation and Daluzhai Formation were analyzed. Particularly, rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation represent early Telychian rugosan fauna in the Upper Yangtze region and improve the sequences of early Silurian (Llandovery) rugose coral assemblages in Yangtze region. It is therefore very meaningful to further analyze radiation period of rugose coral fauna in such epoch. __________ Translated from Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2005, 44(2): 229–246 [译自: 古生物学报, 2005, 44(2): 229–246]     

THE NEW ORDOVICIAN GENUS HILLOPHYLLUM AND THE EARLY HISTORY OF RUGOSE CORALS WITH ACANTHINE SEPTA

Two species of the new rugose coral genus Hillophyllum are described from Ordovician limestones of central-western New South Wales. The larger species, H. priscum sp. nov., is the earliest rugosan to be found in New South Wales successions, first appearing in horizons of probable Gisbornian age (about middle Lower Caradocian), and seems to be the earliest record of a solitary to fasciculate species exhibiting monacanthine septa. A smaller species, H. sp., occurs with H. priscum and the first species of Palaeophyllum in higher horizons, of probable Lower Eastonian age (approximately upper Lower Caradocian). The history of the Ordovician rugose corals exhibiting acanthine septa is reviewed. Hillophyllum shows relationships with the massive, cerioid rugose species of Foerstephyllum type, and with the solitary, non-tabulated Lambeophyllum, Coelostylis , and Primitophyllum. Together they appear to be the earliest representatives of the Suborder Cystiphyllina.     

HIRNANTIAN (LATEST ORDOVICIAN) GRAPTOLITES FROM THE UPPER YANGTZE REGION, CHINA

Abstract:  The Upper Yangtze region yields a Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) graptolite fauna that includes 41 species assigned to 13 genera. This fauna is particularly important for understanding the Late Ordovician mass extinction event because it is the most diverse known from this interval. In addition, it records the survival, well into the Hirnantian, of many taxa of the Dicranograptidae-Diplograptidae-Orthograptidae (DDO) fauna, which was previously regarded as having gone extinct at the beginning of the Hirnantian. Taxa exhibiting six different astogenetic patterns, including taxa with reclined stipes, scandent, biserial, full-periderm and 'archiretiolitid' rhabdosome forms occur in the lower Normalograptus extraordinarius-N. ojsuensis Biozone. In contrast, in the upper N. persculptus Biozone only four genera remain, all but one of which are Normalograptidae: scandent and biserial taxa with Pattern H astogeny. Normalograptids are the dominant form of the succeeding, lower Rhuddanian, faunas. The Yangtze faunas also document the early expansion of normalograptids coeval with the decline of the DDO fauna. Many previously identified species considered endemic to China have been synonymized; 24 of the 41 species recorded here have been recognized elsewhere. No new taxa are described.     

Latest Ordovician graptolites from the Mandalay Region,Myanmar

The graptolite fauna of the Mandalay Region, Myanmar, is poorly known. In this paper, 13 species in the genera Avitograptus, Korenograptus, Metabolograptus, Neodiplograptus and Normalograptus are described from the uppermost Ordovician strata of the area. Two of these species, Korenograptus selectus X. Chen n. sp. and Neodiplograptus mandalayensis X. Chen n. sp., are new. On the basis of the graptolite faunas, a biostratigraphic scheme for the uppermost Ordovician (Hirnantian: Metabolograptus extraordinarius Biozone and Metabolograptus? persculptus Biozone?) strata in this area is erected.     

论志留纪陕西珊瑚属Shensiphyllum Ge et Yü,1974

ShensiphyllumGeetYü,1974为丛状复体珊瑚,以发育一列马蹄型鳞板,羽榍扇形排列为主要特征,是志留纪四射珊瑚已知唯一发育马蹄型鳞板的属。该属在我国上扬子区广泛分布于上兰多维列统(Llandovery)特列奇阶(Telychian)中,主要产自川北、陕南的宁强组、云南大关的大路寨组(中、上Telychian阶))、湖北长阳的纱帽组及四川朝天的王家湾组(下特列奇阶)。文中报道和描述川北朝天王家湾组中发现的3个新种Shensiphyllumsimplexsp.nov.,S.proliferumsp.nov.,S.intermediumsp.nov.。王家湾组是已知ShensiphyllumGeetY櫣产出的最低层位。详细讨论该属的骨骼构造特征、生长繁殖方式,探讨该属起源及其演化,根据新资料修订该属的属征,赞同将该属置PhacellophyllidaeWedekind科。     

ORDOVICIAN NAUTILOID FAUNA FROM LUNSHAN, JURONG, JIANGSU

The fossil nautiloids described in this paper were collected in 1984 and 1985 from Lunshan, Jurong in Jiangsu; there the Ordovician strata are well developed and may be divided in descending order into seven formations as follows:Upper Ordovician: Wufeng Formation Tangtou FormationMiddle Ordovician Pagoda Formation Lower OrdovicianKuniutan FormationDawan FormationHunghuayuan FormationLunshan FormationThese nautiloids comprise 36 species belonging to 13 genera (including one new genus and 11 new species), namely,Middle OrdovicianPagoda FormationSinoceras chinense (Foord), Michelinoceras changjiangense Chen, densn (Y), M. paraelongatum Chang.Lower OrdovicianKuniutan FormationRhynchorthoceras jurongense sp. nov., R. lunshanense sp. nov., Dideroceras wahlenbergi (Foord), D. holmi Flower, Michlinoceras irregulare sp. nov., Kotoceras gaoluncunense sp. nov.Dawan Formation.Cochlioceras yantzeense Chang, Chisiloceras ichangense Wang, C. yaoshanense Qi, C. changyangense (Chang), Protocycloceras deprati Reed, P. hupehcnse (Shimizu and Obata), P. sichuanense Wang, P. remotum Lai, P. gangshanense sp. nov., P. siphosedimentum Pan, P. chaoi sp. nov., P.shishantouense sp. nov., P. gaojiabianense sp. nov., Changyangoceras gaojiabianense sp. nov., Gangshanoceras jurongense gen. et sp. nov., G. densum gen. et sp. nov., Michelinoceras cf. dayongense Lai, Troedssonella lunshanensis sp. nov., Mesosendoceras leei (Y), Vaginoceras peiyangense malukonense Chen, Dideroceras mui (Chang), D. gaoluncunense sp. nov.