On the ultrastructure of the abdominal sense organ of the giant scallop,Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin)

Summary The abdominal sense organ of the giant scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, is composed of two cell types. The presumed receptor cells bear a single cilium 60 to 70 m in length. The microvilli at the apices of these cells may also be modified into microvillous whorls. From eight to twelve ciliated cells are associated with a single mucous cell. The mucous cells have a much greater diameter than the ciliated cells and contain many electron-dense mucous granules. No function has yet been determined for the ciliated cells, although a number of theories are presented.This research was supported by National Research Council of Canada Operating Grant No. A-6444 to Dr. V.C. Barber. Additional support came from the Department of Biology and the School of Graduate Studies, Memorial University. Contribution no. 250 from the Marine Sciences Research Laboratory, Memorial University of Newfoundland     

Ultrastructural studies on the ciliated receptors of the long tentacles of the giant scallop,Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin)

Summary The long tentacles of the Giant scallop Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin) have been examined with light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Three types of ciliated cells have been observed, one of which is located in specialised papillae born on the distal third of the tentacle. There are two separate cell types within the papillae. Type I cells are non-ciliated supporting cells, which form a capsule within which are found the Type II cells. These cells bear up to five cilia at their apices, and it is suggested that these are the receptor cells of the organ. No function has yet been determined for the receptors, but is suggested that they might be mechanoreceptors. A third cell type, Type III cells, occur at the base of the papillae. These cells bear many cilia and also macrocilia. Another ciliated cell type occurs on the proximal two thirds of the tentacle. These cells bear many cilia that are thought to be motile and not sensory.This research was supported by National Research Council of Canada Operating Grant No. A-6444 to Dr. V.C. Barber. Additional support came from the Department of Biology and School of Graduate Studies, Memorial University. Contribution No. 249 from the Marine Sciences Research Laboratory, Memorial University of Newfoundland     

Olpidiopsis antithamnionis n. sp. (Oomycetes,Olpidiopsidaceae), a parasite of Antithamnion floccosum (O. F. Müll.) Kleen from Newfoundland

Summary Olpidiopsis antithamnionis n. sp. (Oomycetes, Olpidiopsidaceae) parasitic on Antithamnion floccosum (O. F. Müll.) Kleen (Rhodophyta, Ceramiaceae) is described from three sites in Newfoundland, Canada, and from culture.Axial cells of the main and determinate branches of the host are the primary sites of fungal attack, although tetrasporangia and rhizoidal cells are also susceptible. Successful re-infection of A. floccosum was achieved in the laboratory although A. boreale and the trailliella-phase of Bonnemaisonia hamifera, both occurring with A. floccosum in the field, were immune. Regeneration of the host cells was observed, a phenomenon not previously reported in the fungal parasitism of other filamentous benthic marine algae.Studies in Biology from Memorial University of Newfoundland No. 256.     

Use of oysters as indicators of copper contamination in the Patuxent River,Maryland

Contribution No. 2213, Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies of the University of Maryland System.     

What Is Canadian Anthropology?

The Management of Myths: The Politics of Legitimation in a Newfoundland Community. Anthony P. Cohen . Newfoundland Social and Economic Studies, 14. St. John's: Institute of Social and Economic Research, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1975. viii + 146 pp. n.p. (cloth).
Saint Pascal: Changing Leadership and Social Organization in a Quebec Town. Gerald L. Gold . Cultures and Communities: A Series of Monographs, Community Studies. Toronto: Holt, Rinehart and Winston of Canada, 1975. viii + 215 pp. n.p. (paper).
Natives without a Home. Mark Nagler . Canadian Social Problems Series. Don Mills, Ontario: Longman Canada, 1975. xvii + 85 pp. $2.95 (paper).
Crime in Canadian Society. Robert A. Silverman and James J. Teevan, Jr ., comps. Toronto: Butterworth, 1975. xi + 455 pp. $7.95 (paper).     

The anaerobic decomposition of benzoic acid during methane fermentation

Anaerobic rupture of the benzoic acid ring was investigated. Carbon 4 was converted primarily to carbon dioxide. Following ring rupture during methane fermentation, propanoic acid is an intermediate, and carbon 4 of benzoate becomes its carboxyl.Contribution No. 1285-j, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506. This work was supported in part by funds from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506. Paper II of this series is Fina and Fiskin (1960)     

沙冬青属植物响应非生物胁迫的蛋白质组学研究进展

沙冬青属植物具有抗寒、抗旱、抗盐碱等特性,是研究植物逆境胁迫和筛选天然抗逆基因库的理想材料。非生物胁迫是限制沙冬青属植物生长发育及地理分布的重要因素,研究沙冬青属植物响应非生物胁迫的蛋白质组学为发掘其相关抗逆蛋白质及探索抗逆机理奠定基础。通过对近年来国内外利用蛋白质组学技术研究沙冬青属植物应答逆境胁迫的相关成果进行总结归纳,综述沙冬青属植物对低温、干旱、高盐等非生物胁迫响应的蛋白质组学最新研究进展,探讨在非生物胁迫下沙冬青属植物蛋白质水平的动态变化,揭示特定的蛋白质网络以及相关逆境应答机制,并对蛋白质组学技术应用前景进行展望,以期为沙冬青属植物抗逆分子机制更深入、全面的研究提供参考依据。     

Chromosome aberrations in leucocytes of patients with aseptic meningitis

Summary Three patients with aseptic meningitis and two patients with scarlet fever were subjected to chromosome analysis in cultured leucocytes. Information was obtained that leucocytes of the aseptic meningitis patients exhibit random and non-specific chromosome aberrations significantly higher in frequency than the control series from scarlet fever patients. The most common type of the aberration observed was a single chromatid break including a full break in one chromatid. Isochromatid-type breaks, chromatid- and chromosome-type interchanges and acentric fragments were observed less frequently.Contribution No. 641 from the Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. This paper was written to dedicate to Professor Dr. Hans Bauer in celebration of his sixtieth birthday, September 27, 1964. Supported by a grant from the Damon Runyon Memorial Fund for Cancer Research to S. Makino, DRG-563C (T).     

A brief history of the Graduate Studies Program at The New York Botanical Garden

The New York Botanical Garden initiated its Graduate Studies Program through a cooperative agreement with Columbia University in 1896. This arrangement continued until the late 1960s, when the Biology Department at Columbia chose to emphasize laboratory-related research and discontinued its organismal programs. At the time a new partnership was formed with what was to become Lehman College of the City University of New York—a program that has continued through the present. Since the inception of its Graduate Studies Program 100 years ago, the Garden has provided sponsorship, guidance, and resources to help more than 200 studients receive graduate degrees. In recent years the Garden has expanded its graduate program to include four additional university affiliates: the Department of Biology at New York University, the Institute of Systematic Botany at Cornell University, the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies at Yale University, and, in a new agreement with an old partner, the Center for Environmental Research and Conservation at Columbia University.     

Complexity,stability and self-organization in natural communities

Summary The search for a functional relationship between diversity and stability has thus far been futile. Recent advances in cybernetics suggest that progress may be achieved if diversity, stability and redundancy are considered to be cofactors in determining the key dependent variable — the capacity for self-organization.Contribution No. 874 of the Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies     

Biochemical genetics of Fundulus heteroclitus (L.). III. Inheritance of isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh-A and Idh-B), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-Pgdh-A), and serum esterase (Est-S) polymorphisms

Starch gel electrophoresis has shown that natural populations of Fundulus heteroclitus have variants at four enzyme-coding loci: Idh-A, Idh-B, 6-Pgdh-A, and Est-S. Analysis of the phenotypic distribution of the F₁ generation suggests that each of the variants segregates as autosomally inherited codominant alleles. Tissue specificity and intracellular localization were also determined for the IDH and 6PGDH isozymes.This work was supported by Grants DEB 76-19877 and DEB 79-12216 from the National Science Foundation and by Grant P60-80-04 from the State of Maryland. RVB and REC were supported by NIH Training Grant GM07231 to the Department of Biology.Contribution No. 1103 from the Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University.     

Chemical selection of mutants that affect ADH activity in Drosophila. III. Effects of ethanol

A chemical selection scheme is presented for the isolation of rare Adh-positive Drosophila. It makes use of the fact that flies lacking detectable ADH activity die as adults or larvae on relatively low concentrations of ethanol in the medium. We have demonstrated that this procedure is a practical one by crossing two Adh-negative alleles, screening 1.5×10⁶ embryos, and isolating 14 Adh-positive survivors.Supported by Postdoctoral Fellowship GM-57 from the National Institutes of Health to C. V. and by Grant GM-18254 from the NIH.Contribution No. 841 from the Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University.     

Effect of ultraviolet-light interruption on flowering inPharbitis seedlings

Seedlings ofPharbitis nil, strain Violet, were exposed to ultraviolet (UV, 254 nm) light at various times of a 16-hr dark period for 60, 90, and 120 sec. When UV light was given at the 6th hr of the dark period, flowering was most inhibited irrespective of UV dosages. The inhibition pattern of flowering caused by UV light was similar to that caused by red light. Contribution No. 101 from the Department of Biology, Miyazaki University.     

Q & A. Philip Ingham

Philip Ingham grew up in Liverpool and graduated from Cambridge University in 1977. He did his D.Phil in Developmental Genetics at Sussex University and postdoctoral work in Strasbourg, France before joining the laboratory of David Ish-Horowicz at the ICRF Mill Hill Laboratories. Here he applied the emerging technique of tissue in situ hybridisation to the analysis of the Drosophila segmentation genes. After a short spell at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, he rejoined the ICRF as a Research Scientist at the Developmental Biology Unit in Oxford. His group pioneered the analysis of the Hedgehog signalling pathway in Drosophila and in collaboration with the labs of Andy McMahon and Cliff Tabin at Harvard University, discovered the Hedgehog gene family in vertebrates. In 1996 he was appointed Professor of Developmental Genetics at the University of Sheffield where he has established the Centre for Developmental Genetics.     

长须螨属一新种和一新纪录（蜱螨亚纲：长须螨科）

本文记述长须螨属一新种和一新纪录。天目长须螨，新种Ｓｔｉｇｍａｅｕｓ ｔｉａｎｍｕｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．新种模式标本保存于上海复旦大学环境和资源生物学系。     

Zoogeography and parallel level-bottom communities of the meiobenthic harpacticoida (Crustacea,Copepoda) of Bermuda

Summary Twenty nine harpacticoid copepods are new to Bermuda and significant changes are noted in the distribution records of several species. Six temporary groups are organized to separate the copepods on their apparent zoogeographical ranges: (1) cosmopolitan, (2) warm temperate-tropical, (3) North Atlantic, (4) North Atlantic-Mediterranean, (5) Endemic to Bermuda and (6) uncertain. These six artificial groups do not necessarily correspond to the standard zoogeographical provinces. Endemism of the Bermudian harpacticoids is similar to the rates reported and predicted for other fauna on North Atlantic Islands. Low endemic rates probably reflect changing environmental conditions during the late Pleistocene.Three distinct harpacticoid isocommunities are reported. The associations are similar to harpacticoid assemblages found in similar sediment types in different parts of the world. All three associations are in agreement with Thorson's (1957) concept of the parallel level-bottom community.Contribution No. 78 from the Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa., U.S.A.-Contribution No. 467 from the Bermuda Biological Station, St. George's West, Bermuda.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Marasmiellus mesosporus</Emphasis>, a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Marasmius</Emphasis>-blight fungus newly recorded from sand dunes of the Japanese coast

A Marasmius-blight fungus, Marasmiellus mesosporus, is newly recorded from sand dunes of the Japanese coast. Macro- and microscopic features and ecological characteristics of the species are described and illustrated based on Japanese and European specimens. Contribution No. 213, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan     

Biochemical genetics of Fundulus heteroclitus (L.). IV. Spatial variation in gene frequencies of Idh-A,Idh-B, 6-Pgdh-A,and Est-S

The spatial variation in gene frequencies of four unlinked polymorphic loci was studied in the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus. Three loci (Idh-A, Idh-B, and Est-S) exhibit significant north-south clinal variation in allelic frequencies along the Atlantic Coast of North America, while a fourth locus (6-Pgdh-A) shows a modest clinal variation. These data, together with our previous data for Ldh-B, Mdh-A, Gpi-B, and Pgm-A, reveal a pattern of low gene diversity in the colder northern extremes of the species range and high gene diversity in warmer southern latitudes.This work was supported by Grants DEB76-19877 and DEB79-12216 from the National Science Foundation and by Grant P60-80-04 from the State of Maryland. REC and RVB were supported by NIH Training Grant GM07231 to the Department of Biology.Contribution No. 1104 from the Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University.     

A simple device to study the role of seed mycoflora in the root region of crop plants

Summary A simple device was used to study the role of seed mycoflora in the root region of some crop plants and it was found that the fungi present in the root region originated from the soil rather than from the seeds.Memoir No. 190 from the Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Madras-600 005, India.