Histological study of Goniodoris castanea Alder and Hancock, 1845 (Nudibranchia, Doridoidea, Goniodorididae)

The major organ systems of Goniodoris castanea were investigated by histological means, with an emphasis on those structures that are difficult to see by dissection. The species is characterized by some peculiar features that are unique or seldom within the Nudibranchia, such as the complete absence of specialized vacuolated cells, the presence of globular salivary glands, the presence of cuticular structures in the proximal intestine, a muscular sphincter around the distal vaginal duct, and the position of the blood gland closer to the pericardium than to the nervous system. Some of these characters are discussed in a phylogenetic context, although a thorough phylogenetic analysis is preliminary, due to lack of knowledge of probably related species.     

Antarctic nemerteans: Heteronemertea– descriptions of new taxa, reappraisals of the systematic status of existing species and a key to the heteronemerteans recorded south of latitude 50oS

Twenty-three species representative of 15 heteronemertean genera are recorded from Antarctic and Subantarctic waters south oflatitude 50^oS. Five new genera are established and seven new species are fully described and illustrated. These are Cephalurichus antarcticus gen. et sp. nov., Dokonemertes magellanensis gen. et sp. nov., Dokonemertes macquariensis sp. nov., Micrellides multiperula gen. et sp. nov., Paramicrurinella falklandica gen. et sp. nov., Parborlasia landrumae sp. nov. and Zodionemertes chilensis gen. et sp. nov. Baseodiscus antarcticus Baylis, Antarctolineus scotti (Baylis), Lineus longifissus (Hubrecht) and Parborlasia fueguina Serna de Esteban & Moretto are redescribed and illustrated and the nature of rhynchodaeal pouches protruding into the cephalic blood lacunae of Parborlasia corrugatus (Mcintosh) is reexamined and discussed. The main anatomical characters of the remaining 11 species are recorded and it is concluded that of these only Parapolia grytvikenensis Wheeler, Cerebratulus malvini Wheeler, Chilineus glandulosa (Burger), Huilkia ushuaiensis Serna de Esteban & Moretto, Micrura pacifica Friedrich and Wiolkenia friedrichi Serna de Esteban & Moretto can at present be accepted as valid, although incompletely described, taxa. Cerebratulus larseni Wheeler, Cerebratulus validus Bürger, Lineus autrani Joubin and Lineus turqueli Joubin are so poorly and inadequately described that their taxonomic status cannot be verified, and the recorded occurrence of Lineus nigricans Burger in southern latitudes cannot be substantiated on the available evidence. Maps showing the recorded distribution of all the species are included and a key to the 18 validated species is provided.     

滇东北早寒武世梅树村阶单板类及其新属种研究

本文描述了云南东部早寒武世早期梅树村阶软体动物单板类化石,计有５新属７新种和１个未定种,它们是Ｓｔｒｉａｔｏｃｏｎｕｓ ｙｕｌｕｅｎｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｓｔｒｉａｔｏｃｏｎｕｓ ｓｐ．,Ａｅｇｉｔｅｌｌｕｓ ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｔｒｉｃｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｔｕｂａｔｏｃｏｎｕｓ ｙｕｌｕｅｎｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｐａｐｉｌｌｏｃｏｎｕｓ ｅｘｐｌａｎａｔ     

中国平腹蛛科两新属（蛛形纲：蜘蛛目）

本文记述了平腹蛛科两个新属及隶属于其中的３新种：异狂蛛属,新属Ａｌｌｏｚｅｌｏｔｅｓｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．,庐山异狂蛛,新种Ａ．ｌｕｓｈａｎｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,滇池异狂蛛,新种Ａ．ＤＩＡＮＣＨＩＳＯ．ＮＯＶ．,     

狭义小奥德蘑属(膨瑚菌科,蘑菇目)的一个新系统

本文对狭义小奥德蘑属Oudemansiella s. str.的概念做了修订,在修订后的属中,狭义干蘑属Xerula s. str.的物种不纳入其中。在狭义小奥德蘑属下,提出了一个包含4个组O. sect. Oudemansiella、Mucidula、Dactylosporina 和 Radicatae的新系统。小奥德蘑组sect. Oudemansiella包括热带至南温带的一些物种,如新热带小奥德蘑O. platensis、澳洲小奥德蘑O. australis、旧热带小奥德蘑O. canarii和宽褶小奥德蘑O. crassifolia,这些物种的菌盖表皮为粘栅栏型,由菌丝组成,但其中常夹杂有链状排列的膨大细胞。粘蘑组sect. Mucidula包含北半球温带至亚热带的一些物种,如粘小奥德蘑O. mucida、网褶小奥德蘑O. venosolamellata和近粘小奥德蘑O. submucida,其菌盖表皮为粘子实层-栅栏型,由近棒状的顶端膨大细胞组成。小奥德蘑组和粘蘑组的物种,在外形和小生境上有相似之处,其担子果皆生于地表外的腐木上,菌柄上有或无菌环。刺孢组sect. Dactylosporina包含中南美洲那些孢子表面有指状凸起的物种。长根组sect. Radicatae由长根小奥德蘑O. radicata及其近缘种为代表,是该属中最大的组,包括该属其他三组之外的所有种。北美的O. americana、欧洲的O. caussei 和东亚的O. hongoi曾被置于小奥德蘑属中的白毛组O. sect. Albotomentosae或干蘑属的亮毛组X. sect. Hyalosetae,在本系统中它们没有纳入小奥德蘑属,因为它们可能代表一个单独的属。本文还提出了1新等级、32个新组合和1个新名称。     

中国伪叶甲科二新属二新种(鞘翅目:伪叶甲科)(英文)

伪叶甲科Lagriidae是鞘翅目的一个小科,全世界已知约2450种。过去有17位外国学者零星地记述了我国该科昆虫22属和124种6变种。1991年以来作者系统地研究了该科的分类、雄性外生殖器形态结构、系统发育和地理分布。本文报道莫伪叶甲属Merklia力和粗伪叶甲属Pachystira二个新属,及两斑莫伪叶甲Merkliabimaculata和凹翅粗伪叶甲Pachystiraimpressipennis二个新种。     

Hétéroptères Miridae de Guyane française: Liste préliminaire,descriptions de taxa nouveaux et données additionnelles

Deux nouveaux genres et six espèces nouvelles sont décrits de Guyane française, à savoir: Diplozona emboíiata n. sp., Guianocoris unicolor n. g., n. sp., Lundioides couturíerin. gen, n. sp., Neella guiana n. sp., Phytocorís guianus n. sp. et Phytocorís jugatus n. sp. La nouvelle combinaison Guianocoris ruber (Carvalho & Carpintero 1991a) n. comb, est proposée. Deux espèces sont redécrites et illustrées: Sthenaridea carvalhoi Schuh & Schwartz 1988 et Proboscidotyius nigrosquamis (Maldonado 1969). Les genitalias femelles d’lridopeplus pellucidipennis Bergroth 1910 sont décrits pour la premiere fois, ainsi que le mâle d’Henicocnemis luctuosa (Stål 1860). La variabilité de Monalonion annulipes Signoret 1858 est mise en évidence. Quatorze espèces sont signalées comme nouvelles pour la faune de Guyane: Fuivius bisbistiilatus (Stål 1860), F. satipoensis Carvalho & Costa 1994 Henicocnemis Iuctuosa (Stål 1860), Horcisoides punctatus (Carvalho 1976), Maxacalinus cuiabanus Carvalho 1976, Notholopus coreoides Carvalho 1975, N. cuiabanus Carvalho 1975, Proboscidotyius nigrosquamis (Maldonado 1969), Sthenaridea carvalhoi Schuh & Schwartz 1988, Taedia bananaiensis Carvalho & Costa 1994, T. cajabiana Carvalho 1976, T. coimbrai Carvalho 1975, T. compactoides Carvalho 1975 et T. xinguana Carvalho 1975, ce qui porte la liste provisoire des Miridae du Dèpartement à 46 espèces.     

TWO NEW GENERA AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF LAGRIIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FROM CHINA*

Abstract In the present paper two new genera, Merklia and Pachystira, and two new species, Merklia bimaculata and Pachystira impressipennis, belonging to the subfamily Statirinae, Lagriidae are described from Yunnan Provime, China.     

New Upper Cambrian Lingulata (Brachiopoda) from the Agyrek mountains (northeastern central Kazakhstan)

Two new genera, Repkinella and Aristotreta, and five new species from the class Lingulata (Brachiopoda) are described from the Upper Cambrian olistolith limestone enclosed in the Upper Ordovician olistostrome from the Agyrek mountains (northeastern Kazakhstan). The family Curticiidae Walcott et Schuchert is referred to the order Lingulida, not order Acrotretida, where it was previously placed.     

潜叶蜂族研究(膜翅目:叶峰科)(英文)

本文记述中国潜叶蜂族Fenusini6属8种,其中包括2新属6新种及4新组合种：大眼郑潜叶蜂Zhenginamegommagen．etsp．nov,吕氏华潜叶蜂Sinofeunsaluigen．etsp．nov,黑鳞丝潜叶蜂Messanigrotegulasp．nov,痕缝脊潜叶蜂Parnavestigialissp．nov,沟缝脊潜叶蜂Parnadistinctasp．nov,黄首原潜叶蜂Profenusaxanthocephalasp．nov．;槭树雅潜叶蜂Anafsnusaacericola（Xiao1992）comb．nov。恢复臀潜叶蜂属AfusaMalaise,将ParafenusaZhelochovtsev（1976）降为AfusaMalaise1964的次异名,原Paarafenusa属下的种类移入Afusa属,建立3个新组合：Afusapruni（Zhelochovtsev1976）comb．nov,Afusacerasi（Zhelochovtsev1976）comb．nov,Afusamaharibiana（Zhelochovtsev1976）comb．nov。新属新种附有主要形态特征图。文中还编制了潜叶蜂族的已知底检索表和Profenusa,Anafeausa,Parna属的已知种检索表。雅潜叶蜂属Anafenusa和脊潜叶蜂属Parna为中国新纪录属。迄今,潜叶蜂族已知24属约60种;中国已记述12属22种。     

中国近海海牛亚目（软体动物）的区系分析

中国近海共有海牛亚目(Doridacea)软体动物136种,隶属于23科49属,主要分布在浙江以南的热带、亚热带海区,有些种类向北可以分布到黄、渤海,少数种类仅分布于黄、渤海,属于印度-西太平洋区的中国-日本亚区。     

Fish species – how and why

It is argued, with selected examples from freshwaterfish systematics, that species should be viewed as anexpression of self-perpetuated clustered variation innature, conforming to the phylogenetic speciesconcept. The importance of species lies in thefunctional and structural significance of theirdiagnostic characters. Species can be nested by theircharacters into a tree diagram (phylogeny) orhierarchical alignment structure (classification) ofcharacter distribution, which may be taken to reflectevolution, the unifying theory of organismaldiversification. The phylogenetic species concept,which emphasizes recognition of a pattern ofvariation, describes better than any other proposedconcept the units called species by systematists.Other concepts are based on processes and normally donot permit recognition of particular taxa. Specieshave unique histories, and speciation may proceed bydifferent mechanisms. Whereas it may be postulatedthat speciation entails an irreversible change in thegenetic structure of taxa, recognized by phenotypicexpression and apparently also maintained to a largeextent by selection for a particular phenotype,species recognition must remain independent ofassumptions about species history and spatialdistribution. Species are monophyletic taxa and thespecies category does not differ significantly inphylogenetic regard from other systematic categories.Species as such are not necessarily evolutionaryunits. It is recommended to apply species names withreference to the diagnostic characters of the speciesand to abandon the type specimen described by theInternational Code of Zoological Nomenclature as anomenclatural reference unit.     

哈茎蜂族二新属三新种（膜翅目：茎蜂科）

本文是中国茎蜂科昆虫系统分类研究之七,报道中国茎蜂科哈茎蜂族昆虫２新属３新种;兰胸柄腹茎蜂,长鞘大茎蜂,无目无刺茎蜂,无刺茎蜂属系一罕见属,是中国新纪录属。