Kyoto-1保存液保存的移植用肺Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞钠-钾泵的研究

目的：临床认为肺水肿已成肺移植过程中的最大障碍。近年来资料表明,过是肺泡液的吸收与Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞Na^ 的跨膜能力有关,保存中若能保持肺上Na^ -K^ -ATPase的活性,对成功的肺移植是非常必要的,本实验研究0℃、4℃Kyoto-1（NewET－K）保存液保存体肺脏,型Ⅱ肺泡上皮细胞Na^ -K^ -ATPase的活性变化,为Kyoto-1在临床上最大时限地保存供体肺提供基础理论依据。方法：取Wistar大白鼠,随机分为对照组和实验组,对照组取新鲜肺脏。实验组分别灌注0℃、4℃的Kyoto-1保存液,分别放入0℃、4℃冰箱中保存4h,24h,48h,进行光,电镜酶组织化学研究。使用图像分析系统进行定量测定。结果：4℃、24h实验组钠泵活性可以得到较好的保存（P＞0．05）。结论：钠泵可以作为检测供保存质量的重要指标。     

三种犬离体肺保存方式对肺表面活性物质的影响

为研究3种不同的犬离体肺保存方式对支气管肺泡灌洗液中肺表面活性物质的影响。随机将30只Mongrel犬分成3组,为体外循环灌注组、间断压力灌注组和单纯低温保存组,每组10只。在保持机械通气的条件下,摘取犬双肺,3种不同方式保存离体肺,按时间点留取支气管肺泡灌洗液标本,BCA法测定总蛋白浓度,抗坏血酸法测定总磷脂的含量,薄层色谱分析测定二棕榈酸磷脂酰胆碱含量,酶联免疫吸附试验检测白介素(IL-1a/2/6/8)。随着犬肺离体时间的推移,各实验组离体肺支气管肺泡灌洗液中DPPC/PL的比值呈时间依赖性下降,各白介素/总蛋白比值呈时间依赖性升高。在同一时间点上,体外循环灌注组中DPPC/PL的比值最高,间断压力灌注组次之,单纯低温保存组最低;体外循环灌注组中各白介素/总蛋白的比值最低,间断压力灌注组次之,单纯低温保存组最高。采用体外循环机持续灌注犬离体肺,离体肺中可维持较高浓度的肺泡表面活性物质,维持肺泡表面张力,发挥肺保护作用,这可能与抑制炎症介质的释放有关。     

丹酚酸A对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤及抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的:探讨丹酚酸A对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注(cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,CI/R)损伤及抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法:采用大鼠脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral arteryocclusion,MCAO)2 h再灌注24 h模型。实验终末,检测脑梗死面积,脑水肿以及评价神经功能损伤,并进一步分析脑组织中三种抗氧化酶的活性水平。结果:与模型组相比,丹酚酸A组大鼠脑梗死面积显著减少(P0.05),水肿程度显著减轻(P0.05),神经功能学评分显著下降(P0.05)。模型组再灌注24 h后,SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性显著下降(P0.05);丹酚酸A组SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性则显著升高(P0.05)。结论:丹酚酸A对大鼠CI/R损伤具有保护作用,可能与CI/R损伤时的脑组织SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性显著升高相关。     

丹酚酸A对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤及抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的：探讨丹酚酸A对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注（cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,CI/R）损伤及抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法：采用大鼠脑中动脉闭塞（middle cerebral arteryocclusion,MCAO）2 h再灌注24 h模型。实验终末,检测脑梗死面积,脑水肿以及评价神经功能损伤,并进一步分析脑组织中三种抗氧化酶的活性水平。结果：与模型组相比,丹酚酸A组大鼠脑梗死面积显著减少（P〈0.05）,水肿程度显著减轻（P〈0.05）,神经功能学评分显著下降（P〈0.05）。模型组再灌注24 h后,SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性显著下降（P〈0.05）;丹酚酸A组SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性则显著升高（P〈0.05）。结论：丹酚酸A对大鼠CI/R损伤具有保护作用,可能与CI/R损伤时的脑组织SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性显著升高相关。     

含氢HTK液对大鼠供心保存中心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究合氢HTK液对供心保存过程中心肌细胞凋亡的影响.方法:SD大鼠随机分4组:对照组(保存液为HTK液)、H1组(保存液为含氢浓度约0.8mM的HTK液),H2组(含氢浓度约0.4mM的HTK液),H3组(含氢浓度约0.2mM的HTK液).采用Langendorff离体大鼠心脏灌注法,心脏分别在各组保存液中冷保存(4℃)6h,Tunel染色测定心肌细胞凋亡率,荧光定量实时PCR检测凋亡相关基因Bcl-2和Bax的mRNA表达,分光光度法检测心肌组织中Caspase-3活性.结果:供心冷保存(4℃)6h后,H1、H2、H3组凋亡指数明显低于对照组.H1、H2、H3组的Bcl-2mRNA表达水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05);对照组的Bax mRNA水平明显高于H1、H2、H3组(P<0.01或P<0.05),对照组caspase-3活性明显高于H1、H2、H3组(P<0.01).结论:舍氢HTK明显抑制供心保存时大鼠心脏心肌细胞凋亡.     

持续灌注和静态保存对中性粒细胞凋亡的影响

为研究体外循环机持续灌注、间断压力灌注、单纯低温保存犬离体肺对支气管肺泡灌洗液中中性粒细胞凋亡变化以及对肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬凋亡中性粒细胞的影响,探索最佳的离体肺保存方式,将30只Mongrel犬随机分成3组,为体外循环组、压力灌注组和低温保存组,每组10只。在保持机械通气的条件下,完整摘取双肺,3种不同方式保存离体肺,并按时间点留取支气管肺泡灌洗液标本。流式细胞仪检测犬离体肺支气管肺泡灌洗液中中性粒细胞凋亡,免疫组织化学法检测犬离体肺肺泡巨噬细胞对凋亡中性粒细胞吞噬。随着犬肺离体时间的推移,各实验组离体肺支气管肺泡灌洗液中凋亡的中性粒细胞明显减少,在每个时间点上,体外循环组中性粒细胞的凋亡最多,压力灌注组中次之,低温保存组中最少。各实验组吞噬凋亡中性粒细胞的巨噬细胞随着离体时间的延长呈逐渐减少的趋势,在肺离体各时间点上,体外循环组中巨噬细胞对凋亡中性粒细胞的吞噬清除优于间断压力灌注组和单纯低温保存组。采用体外循环机持续灌注犬离体肺,能增加中性粒细胞凋亡,促使吞噬细胞吞噬凋亡的中性粒细胞,避免发生凋亡延迟,从而减轻离体肺组织的缺血再灌注损伤,具有较好的肺保护作用。     

人参皂苷Rg5对脓毒血症大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的:观察人参皂苷Rg5对脓毒血症大鼠引起急性肺损伤(ALI)的作用.方法:30只大鼠建立盲肠结扎穿孔法(CLP)脓毒症模型,随机均分为以下3组(n=10):阴性对照组(Sham组)、CLP组及CLP+Rg5组.各组分别于手术后24 h时检测大鼠血清TNF-、IL-6、高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)及IL-10含量;手术24 h后检测肺组织干湿重比(W/D)、髓过氧化物酶活性(MPO)及NF-кB活性;HE法进行肺组织学评分.结果:CLP+Rg5组血浆及肺组织HMGB1和TNF-水平明显低于CLP组(P＜0.05).CLP+Rg5组肺组织W/D、MPO活性、NF-кB活性及肺组织损伤评分均明显低于CLP组(P＜0.05).IL-10水平24h时在各组动物比较结果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:人参皂苷Rg5可以改善脓毒血症引起ALI时炎症反应从而发挥肺保护作用.     

核因子-KB在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肺组织细胞凋亡中的作用

目的：探讨腹部火器伤肠管穿透后核因子-κB在肺组织细胞凋亡中的作用,了解腹部火器伤肠管穿透后继发性肺损伤机制。方法：健康长白仔猪42头随机等分为对照组和伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组,实验组建立腹部火器伤肠管穿透模型后,用免疫组化图像分析法测定各组肺组织内NF-κB活性,同时用TUNEL测定肺组织细胞凋亡变化情况。结果：伤后各组肺组织内NF-κB活性明显高于对照组,并于伤后8h出现高峰。肺组织细胞凋亡指数伤后显著增高（P〈0.05）,并与NF-κB活性变化基本一致。结论：腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肺组织内NF-κB活性增强,肺细胞凋亡增多,从而继发导致肺损伤     

滚压泵在乳猪肺灌注模型建立中的应用

目的通过滚压泵建立一种操作简单的猪隔离肺持续灌注和缺血再灌注模型,并比较两种灌注方法对肺的损伤。方法12只乳猪随机分为缺血再灌注组（对照组）和持续灌注组（实验组）。分别在左、右心耳以及肺动脉插管。滚压泵将贮血器中的灌注液泵入肺动脉,灌注双肺后再通过左心耳将灌注液引流回贮血器,建立猪肺灌注模型。对照组双肺停止灌注90min后灌注30min,实验组双肺持续灌注120min,灌注流量均为80mL/kg.min。测定实验前后的肺静态顺应性以及灌注液中TNF-α、IL-6变化。测定肺组织湿干比并进行电镜观察。结果实验组肺静态顺应性（实验组6.14±1.17mL/cmH2O,对照组7.89±0.94mL/cmH2O,p=0.017）、湿干比（对照组5.18±0.97,实验组3.84±1.08,P=0.048）、TNF-α指标均优于对照组（实验组0.80±0.26ng/mL,对照组0.52±0.15ng/mL,P=0.044）（P〈0.05）,电镜下的肺损伤程度轻于对照组。结论通过滚压泵建立猪肺持续灌注和缺血再灌注模型具有操作简便的特点。持续性非搏动灌注较之缺血再灌注对肺的损伤更轻。     

核因子-κB 在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肺组织细胞凋亡中的作用*

目的:探讨腹部火器伤肠管穿透后核因子-κB在肺组织细胞凋亡中的作用,了解腹部火器伤肠管穿透后继发性肺损伤机制。方法:健康长白仔猪42头随机等分为对照组和伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组,实验组建立腹部火器伤肠管穿透模型后,用免疫组化图像分析法测定各组肺组织内NF-κB活性,同时用TUNEL测定肺组织细胞凋亡变化情况。结果:伤后各组肺组织内NF-κB活性明显高于对照组,并于伤后8h出现高峰。肺组织细胞凋亡指数伤后显著增高(P<0.05),并与NF-κB活性变化基本一致。结论:腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肺组织内NF-κB活性增强,肺细胞凋亡增多,从而继发导致肺损伤。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.