Kalyptorhynchia (Turbellaria) aus dem Eulitoral der deutschen Nordseeküste

Zusammenfassung 1. Aus dem Eulitoral der deutschen Nordseeküste wurden auf Grund von Untersuchungen in den Jahren 1966, 1967 und 1968 insgesamt 85 Arten der Kalyptorhynchia (Turbellaria) erfaßt. Wichtigste Untersuchungsgebiete sind die Inseln Sylt, Amrum, Helgoland und Rømø. Die bevorzugten Lebensräume sind auf Sylt mittellotische Sandhänge und diesen vorgelagerte, sandige, vorwiegend lenitische Wattengebiete. 73 von den in der Nordsee nachgewiesenen 85 Arten sind Sandbewohner, sieben Arten sind Schlickbewohner und nur fünf Species sind Phytalformen.2. 29 Arten sind neu. Zahlreiche bislang nur unvollständig bekannte Species wurden genauer erfaßt. Der Schwerpunkt der morphologisch-systematischen Untersuchungen liegt auf der Gruppe der Schizorhynchia.3. Von den Eukalyptorhynchia wurden 39 Arten nachgewiesen. Innerhalb der Familien Polycystidae, Koinocystidae, Cystiplanidae und Gnathorhynchidae werden neue Gattungen und Arten beschrieben. Besonders auffällig ist der Artenzuwachs bei den Gnathorhynchidae, für die zahlreiche neue Merkmalskombinationen (Rüssel) nachgewiesen wurden.4. Von den Schizorhynchia wurden 47 Arten erfaßt. Es wurden sechs neue Gattungen errichtet. Die Familiendiagnose der Schizorhynchidae wurde geändert. Innerhalb der formenreichen GattungProschizorhynchus wurden auf Grund der Ausprägung der männlichen Kulikularorgane zwei UntergattungenP. Proschizorhynchus undP. Proschizorhynchella unterschieden. Für die neue GattungNeoschizorhynchus wurden die kürzesten, bislang bekannten Spaltrüssel, kombiniert mit Besonderheiten der männlichen Organe, beschrieben. Je ein Bestimmungsschlüssel ist für die umfangreichen GattungenCarcharodorhynchus undThylacorhynchus aufgestellt worden, der sich auf neu entdeckte Merkmalskombinationen stützt.5. Die Karkinorhynchidae wurden auf Grund der Ausformung der lateralen Drüsensäcke und der Konstruktion des Kopulationsorgans in die neuen Unterfamilien Karkinorhynchinae und Cheliplaninae aufgeteilt. Die GattungKarkinorhynchus wurde in zwei Untergattungen(K. Karkinorhynchus undK. Karkinorhynchides) gespalten. Innerhalb der nah verwandten, formenreichen GattungenCheliplana undRhinepera gelang der Nachweis weiterer neuer Species.6. Die Diascorhynchidae wurden um die neue GattungDiascorhynchides vermehrt, die durch stark asymmetrische Rüsselhaken und einzelne Stilettstacheln von der bisher einzigen GattungDiascorhynchus unterschieden ist.

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Kalyptorhynchia (Turbellaria) from the eulittoral beaches of the German North Sea coast

In the eulittoral beaches of the German North Sea coast 85 species of Kalyptorhynchia were found during investigations in 1966, 1967 and 1968. Studies were carried out mainly on the North Sea islands of Sylt, Amrum, Helgoland (Germany) and Rømø (Denmark). At Sylt, most species were found in more or less exposed beach slopes and in the adjacent sheltered sand flats on the east coast. 73 of the 85 species found in the North Sea are psammobiontic, 7 species prefer muddy substrata, and only 5 species live in the phytal. 29 new species are described. Many other species which were, hitherto, known only incompletely, have been studied in more detail. The Schizorhynchia are the group around which the present study centres. Eukalyptorhynchia (39 species): In the families Polycystidae, Koinocystidae, Cystiplanidae and Gnathorhynchidae new genera and species are described. Particularly notable is the addition of species to the Gnathorhynchidae, where many new combinations of characters for the proboscis have been discovered. Schizorhynchia (47 species): 6 new genera are established. The diagnosis of the Schizorhynchidae is modified. In the large genusProschizorhynchus, 2 subgenera (P. Proschizorhynchus andP. Proschizorhynchella) are distinguished according to the structure of the male cuticular apparatus. In the new genusNeoschizorhynchus the shortest muscular tongues known to date are described. Particular emphasis is laid upon the fact that they occur in combination with specific features of the male organs. For the large generaCarcharodorhynchus andThylacorhynchus a systematic key is given, which is founded on newly discovered combinations of morphological characters. The Karkinorhynchidae are subdivided into the new subfamilies, Karkinorhynchinae and Cheliplaninae, based on the form of the lateral proboscis gland sacs and the construction of the copulatory organ. The genusKarkinorhynchus is split into the subgeneraK. Karkinorhynchus andK. Karkinorhynchoides. Further new species within the closely related generaCheliplana andRhinepera are described. To the Diascorhynchidae is added the new genusDiascorhynchides, which differs from the hitherto single genusDiascorhynchus by pronounced asymmetric proboscis hooks and single stilett spines.

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Abkürzungen in den Abbildungen älm äußere Längsmuskeln - ärm äußere Ringmuskeln - ap Apex - as accessorisches Sekretorgan bzw. dessen Ausfuhrgang - b Bursa (b ₁–b _n bursale Drüsen) - b _a Basalmembran - bas Basalteil - c Cirrus - cb cellules bordantes (=Kanalzellen) - de Ductus ejaculatorius - drü Drüsen, Drüsenorgan - dsp Ductus spermaticus - dv Divarikator - e Epidermis - ek Endkegel - ep Epithel - fd Frontaldrüse - fl Flügel - g Germar - ga gemeinsames Genitalatrium - ge Gehirn - gn Genitalkanal - gö Geschlechtsöffnung - h Haken - hä Häkchen - ilm innere Längsmuskeln - irm innere Ringmuskeln - k Kopulationsorgan - ka Kanal - kk Körnerkolben - ksb Kornsekretblase - ksd Kornsekretdrüse - l Leiste im Kopulationsorgan - la lateraler Drüsensack - lm Längsmuskel - ma männliches Genitalatrium - mb muskulöser Beutel - md basophile Drüse - mö Mundöffnung - mu Muskel - mw Muskelwulst - mz Muskelzapfen - na Nadeln - ne Nebenapparat - o Oesophagus - ö Öffnung - p Pharynx - pa Parenchym - pe Penispapille - po postrostraler Bulbus - pt Pharynxtasche - ra Radiärmuskel - rm Ringmuskel - rt Rüsseltasche - s Stilett (s _a ,s _i äußeres, inneres Stilett) - sd eosinophile Drüse - ser Sekretrohr - si Spermien - sp Septum - spi Spitze - spor Sporozoon - sü Stützgewebe - schw Schwanz, -drüsen - t Hoden - u Uterus - v Vitellar - va Vagina - vd Vas deferens - vg Vesicula granulorum - vi Vitelloduct - vö Öffnung der Vagina externa - vs Samenblase - vu Vakuole, Vakuolengewebe - w weiblicher Genitalkanal, Ovidukt - wa weibliches Atrium - z Zellkern Gefördert durch eine Sachbeihilfe der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft im Schwerpunktprogramm Litoralforschung — Abwassereinflüsse in Küstennähe.     

Paläolimnologische Studien an Testaceen aus Bohrkernen des Latnjajaure (Abisko-Gebiet; Schwedisch-Lappland)

1. Rhizopod tests from 16 cores of sediments from lake Latnjajaure, in Swedish Lapland, were studied and found to show the development of the lake since its formation. Latnjajaure is a oligotrophic mountain lake.
2. All cores contained many remains of rhizopods, most of them intact. Most broken tests could be reconstructed. Postglacial development of a lake could thus be elucidated for the first time.
3. The sediment cores contained 24 species of Testacea, 41.6% of the recent fauna. The rank order of species forming 1 % or more of the total number in the cores is nearly identical with the rank order of recent species.
4. The history of lake Latnjajaure is characterized by Centropyxis aërophila, an oligotrophic species. Periods of beginning eutrophication are indicated by a decrease of Centropyxis aërophila and an increase of Difflugia species, but typical eutrophic species were absent. A dystrophic phase in the development could not be ascertained by means of rhizopods.

     

Neues aus der Paläoneurologie

Progress in paleontological brain research is demonstrated by giving some examples of recent discoveries which illustrate the various possibilities of studies in this field. An enlarged English text, with details and figures of the specimens cited, will be published in the Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Neurobiologists.     

Spiroplectinella Kisel’man 1972 (Foraminifera) aus dem Rupelium (Oligozän) des Mainzer Beckens

The wall structure of some foraminifers from the Rupeliam of the Mainz Basin, formerly referred toSpiroplectammina Cushman 1927, is examined. They are classified asSpiroplectinella Kisel’man 1972 because of the occurrence of pseudopores. The genus neither belong to the Spiroplectamminacea nor to the Textulariacea. The proposition of Hottinger et al. (1990) to separate it from these superfamilies is confirmed.     

Neue Multituberculaten-Zähne aus dem Barremium (Unter-Kreide) von Galve (Spanien)

Two new isolated upper anterior premolars (p^1–3) of multituberculates are described from the Barremian of Galve in Spain. One specimen is tricuspid and belongs toEobaatar hispanicus Hahn &Hahn, 1992. The other is the first tetracuspid p^1–3 known from Galve. It is very similar to respective teeth of the Paulchoffatiidae G.Hahn, 1969 from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal. Therefore, this very small tooth belongs very probably to the paulchoffatiid taxonGalveodon nannothus Hahn &Hahn, 1992 which is also characterized by tiny dimensions     

„Kragen” an Atrypiden aus Schillen des Unteren Plattenkalkes (Givet) von Bergisch Gladbach (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge)

In the Lower Plattenkalk of Bergisch Gladbach occur, besides the well known?Hians”-beds, polymictic accumulations of shell material. Together with the valves ofMartinia inflata (Schnur),Uncinulus parallelepipedus (Br.) andIsopoma brachyptyctum (Schnur) are great numbers ofSpinatrypa tubaecostata (Paeck.) andAtrypa prisca gladbachensis n. subsp. In spite of the fact that the host rock was deposited as shell debris, in particular the rhynchonellids and atrypids are easily separated from it in a well preserved state. Atrypa (Desquamatia) prisca gladbachensis n. subsp. is commonly found with its alations intact. This subspecies, which is here described in some detail, fluorisched on a marly ooze bottom. The expanded valves increased the food gathering field, while the alations, surrounding the shell margin almost like a flange, functioned as effective particle filters. Because of this, the free valves floated under wave attack and became fossilized almost undamaged. The brachiopod shells and the organoplastic debris were washed on to discontinuity surfaces which probably had already been lithified by algal growth.     

Die Entwicklungsfähigkeiten isolierter Furchungszellen aus dem Ei des KaninchensOryctolagus cuniculus

Ohne Zusammenfassung Otto Koehler am 20. 12. 1959 zu seinem 70. Geburtstag.     

Fluoritisierte Radiolarien aus Kieselkalk-Bänken des Mittel-Viseums (Unterkarbon) des Rheinischen Schiefergebirges (Deutschland)

From siliceous shales (Lower Carboniferous, Rheinisches Schiefergebirge), in direct neighborhood to a bed of allodapic limestone, the following fluontized radiolarian fauna has been extracted by chemical transformation of originally calcified skeletons:Albaillella cartalla, Latentifistula turgida, Eostylodktya cf. eccentrica, Tetragregnon sycamorensis sycamorensis, Belowea variabilis, Callela? hexactinia, Entactinia tortispina and Entactinia variospina. The limestone bed has been dated by calcareous foraminifera as being mid Visean in age (V 2b-3a, Cf 5-foraminiferal zone). The diagenetic calcification took place after the selective dissolution of the skeletons and was in itself not selective.     

Barrême-cephalopoden aus dem Kretazischen Untergrund des Stadtgebietes von Hannover (NW-Deutschland)

A dozen species of Cretaceous cephalopods (ammonites and belemnites) are described from a new section of the underground excavations in Hannover (NW-Germany). In addition, their systematic position is discussed. The fauna dates from the boundary beds of the Lower and Middle Barremian(fissicostatus-/eleganszone) and offers some new aspects of the stratigraphy of the Barremian of North-Germany. A comparison with the foraminiferal fauna shows differences in the macro- and micropalaeontological stratigraphical subdivisions. The palaeogeographical significance of the cephalopods is discussed.     

Die Cricetinae aus dem Obermiozän von Maramena (Mazedonien,Nordgriechenland)

The cricetids are one of the dominating groups of the rodent fauna of Maramena. Among the three described cricetids:Kowalskia browni n. sp.,Allocricetus cf.ehiki andHypsocricetus strimonis n. g. n. sp. two are new.K. browni represents a stage of evolution betweenK. skofleki andK. magna. This gives support to the supposed stratigraphie position (Late Turolian, MN 13) of the Maramena fauna.