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Outdoor cultivation of microalgae for carotenoid production: current state and perspectives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Del Campo JA García-González M Guerrero MG 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2007,74(6):1163-1174
Microalgae are a major natural source for a vast array of valuable compounds, including a diversity of pigments, for which
these photosynthetic microorganisms represent an almost exclusive biological resource. Yellow, orange, and red carotenoids
have an industrial use in food products and cosmetics as vitamin supplements and health food products and as feed additives
for poultry, livestock, fish, and crustaceans. The growing worldwide market value of carotenoids is projected to reach over
US$1,000 million by the end of the decade. The nutraceutical boom has also integrated carotenoids mainly on the claim of their
proven antioxidant properties. Recently established benefits in human health open new uses for some carotenoids, especially
lutein, an effective agent for the prevention and treatment of a variety of degenerative diseases. Consumers’ demand for natural
products favors development of pigments from biological sources, thus increasing opportunities for microalgae. The biotechnology
of microalgae has gained considerable progress and relevance in recent decades, with carotenoid production representing one
of its most successful domains. In this paper, we review the most relevant features of microalgal biotechnology related to
the production of different carotenoids outdoors, with a main focus on β-carotene from Dunaliella, astaxanthin from Haematococcus, and lutein from chlorophycean strains. We compare the current state of the corresponding production technologies, based
on either open-pond systems or closed photobioreactors. The potential of scientific and technological advances for improvements
in yield and reduction in production costs for carotenoids from microalgae is also discussed. 相似文献
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为了寻找四川秋季发生的羊肚菌资源,了解其产地环境及种属关系,探寻羊肚菌在秋季发生的适生条件,对四川省凉山州盐源县、会东县和冕宁县的羊肚菌发生地开展了生境调查,共采集到11份羊肚菌标本。采用形态学和分子鉴定相结合的方法,对标本进行鉴定,结果表明所采集的标本被鉴定为2种羊肚菌,即七妹羊肚菌Morchella septimelata(Mel-7)和Morchella sp.(Mes-16),其中,七妹羊肚菌为四川新记录种。通过生境调查发现,秋季发生的羊肚菌适生环境为山地林下陡坡,可见,四川秋季发生的羊肚菌有一定的特殊性。 相似文献
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A word-wide overview is presented of the current state of mass cultivation of seaweeds. In comparison with a total annual commercial production of fish, crustaceans and molluscs of about 120 × 106t, of which one-third is produced by aquaculture, the production of seaweeds is about 10 × 106t wet weight; the majoirty of this comes from culture-based systems. The Top Ten Species List is headed by the kelp Laminaria japonica with 4.2 × 106t fresh weight cultivated mainly in China. The productivity of a well-developed, multi-layered, perennial seaweed vegetation is as high as dense terrestrial vegetation, and even higher annual values for productivity have been reported for tank cultures of macroalgae. Epiphytes provide a major problem for the seaweed cultivator, but can be controlled by growing plants at high densities in rope cultures in the sea, or, more easily, in seaweed tank cultures on land. The main environmental problem of animal (fed) aquaculture is the discharge of nutrient loads into coastal waters, e.g., 35 kg N and 7 kg P t–1 aquacultured fish. Integration of fish and seaweed farming may help to solve this problem, since seaweeds can remove up to 90% of the nutrient discharge from an intensive fish farm. Mass culture of commercially valuable seaweed species is likely to play an increasingly important role as a nutrient-removal system to alleviate eutrophication problems due to fed aquaculture. 相似文献
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Over the last years, technological innovation in Radiotherapy (RT) led to the introduction of Magnetic Resonance-guided RT (MRgRT) systems.Due to the higher soft tissue contrast compared to on-board CT-based systems, MRgRT is expected to significantly improve the treatment in many situations. MRgRT systems may extend the management of inter- and intra-fraction anatomical changes, offering the possibility of online adaptation of the dose distribution according to daily patient anatomy and to directly monitor tumor motion during treatment delivery by means of a continuous cine MR acquisition.Online adaptive treatments require a multidisciplinary and well-trained team, able to perform a series of operations in a safe, precise and fast manner while the patient is waiting on the treatment couch.Artificial Intelligence (AI) is expected to rapidly contribute to MRgRT, primarily by safely and efficiently automatising the various manual operations characterizing online adaptive treatments. Furthermore, AI is finding relevant applications in MRgRT in the fields of image segmentation, synthetic CT reconstruction, automatic (on-line) planning and the development of predictive models based on daily MRI.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current AI integration in MRgRT from a medical physicist’s perspective. Medical physicists are expected to be major actors in solving new tasks and in taking new responsibilities: their traditional role of guardians of the new technology implementation will change with increasing emphasis on the managing of AI tools, processes and advanced systems for imaging and data analysis, gradually replacing many repetitive manual tasks. 相似文献
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Fialho AM Moreira LM Granja AT Popescu AO Hoffmann K Sá-Correia I 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2008,79(6):889-900
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are products of biotechnology that are of high interest due to their rheological properties. This is the case of sphingans, a group of structurally related EPS secreted by members of the genus Sphingomonas. Among these, gellan is a multifunctional gelling agent produced in high yields by the non-pathogenic strain Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461. In its native form, gellan is a linear anionic EPS based on a tetrasaccharide repeat unit composed of two molecules of D: -glucose, one of L: -rhamnose and one of D: -glucuronic acid. The native gellan is partially esterified with acyl substituents (1 mol of glycerate and 0.5 mol of acetate) per repeat unit. Gellan has unique characteristics and has many applications, particularly in the food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical fields. This review summarizes current knowledge on the structure and properties of gellan and provides details about the biosynthesis of this exopolysaccharide. In addition, a highlight of the importance of gellan in industrial and medicinal applications is given. 相似文献
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二色补血草的人工栽培和迁地保护 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
二色补血草(Limonium bicolor)是蓝雪科(plumbaginaceae)补血草属的越年生草本植物,散生在典型草原之中,是我国北方地区重要的一种牧草资源,开花前可作为家畜的饲料,花时美丽的花丛具有重要的观尝价值。由于草原环境的恶化和受人类活动的影响,特别是花枝被不断采摘,致使二色补血草的分布面积和数量日益减少,部分地区已灭迹。为此,近几年我们通过栽培驯化的途径,对二色补血草进行迁地保护,初步获得成功。温度是二色补血草种子发芽和出苗的主要限制生态因子。 相似文献
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Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy Yun-Soo Kim Milen I. Georgiev Kee-Yoeup Paek 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2014,98(17):7319-7329
Eleutherosides, the phenylpropanoid and lignan glycosides, are the active ingredients accumulated in the roots and stems of Eleutherococcus species and in Eleutherococcus senticosus in particular. Syringin (=eleutheroside B) and (?) syringaresinol-di-O-β-d-glucoside (=eleutheroside E) appear as the most important bioactive compounds which are used as adaptogens, besides their abundant antidiabetic and anticancer properties. As the availability of “Eleuthero” is becoming increasingly limited because of its scanty natural distribution, the production of these compounds by biotechnological means has become an attractive alternative. In E. senticosus and other closely related species, Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus, Eleutherococcus chiisanensis, and Eleutherococcus koreanum, organogenic cultures have been induced for the production of eleutherosides. Bioreactor cultures have been established and various parameters, which influence on the accumulation of biomass and secondary metabolites, have been thoroughly investigated. Pilot-scale cultures have also been accomplished for the large-scale production of somatic embryos containing abundant amounts of eleutherosides. This review describes the biotechnological approaches and challenges for the production of eleutherosides. 相似文献
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冬虫夏草菌和蛹虫草菌的研究现状、问题及展望 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
冬虫夏草菌和蛹虫草菌是两种最著名的虫草菌。从分类学地位、分布、生活史及有性生殖类型、寄主范围、遗传多样性、分子遗传学和基因组学、生态学、人工栽培及产品开发等方面对冬虫夏草菌和蛹虫草菌的研究现状进行总结,指出了研究中存在的一些问题,并对研究前景进行展望。 相似文献
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Hyung-Moo Jung Marimuthu Jeya Sang-Yong Kim Hee-Jung Moon Raushan Kumar Singh Ye-Wang Zhang Jung-Kul Lee 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2009,84(3):417-428
The glycopeptide teicoplanin isolated from the fermentation broth of Actinoplanes teichomyceticus is used to treat serious Gram-positive bacterial infections that are resistant to other antibiotics, e.g. β-lactams. The long time frame and progressively broader clinical use of teicoplanin has eventually led to the emergence and
spreading of resistance in enterococci and staphylococci towards the antibiotics. Given the structural complexity of the natural
product, only fermentative routes are available for bulk production of teicoplanin even though the total synthesis of the
antibiotic has been accomplished. Because the low productivity (0.1–3.1 g/L) is a limitation to the commercial production
of teicoplanin, substantial effort has been devoted to the strain improvement and process development for enhancing the productivity.
This review summarizes the current state of the action mechanism, antibacterial activity, resistance mechanism, biotechnological
production, and application of teicoplanin.
Hyung-Moo Jung and Marimuthu Jeya equally contributed to this work. 相似文献
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Lignocellulosic biomass contains a variety of carbohydrates, and their conversion into ethanol by fermentation requires an
efficient microbial platform to achieve high yield, productivity, and final titer of ethanol. In recent years, growing attention
has been devoted to the development of cellulolytic and saccharolytic thermophilic bacteria for lignocellulosic ethanol production
because of their unique properties. First of all, thermophilic bacteria possess unique cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic systems
and are considered as potential sources of highly active and thermostable enzymes for efficient biomass hydrolysis. Secondly,
thermophilic bacteria ferment a broad range of carbohydrates into ethanol, and some of them display potential for ethanologenic
fermentation at high yield. Thirdly, the establishment of the genetic tools for thermophilic bacteria has allowed metabolic
engineering, in particular with emphasis on improving ethanol yield, and this facilitates their employment for ethanol production.
Finally, different processes for second-generation ethanol production based on thermophilic bacteria have been proposed with
the aim to achieve cost-competitive processes. However, thermophilic bacteria exhibit an inherent low tolerance to ethanol
and inhibitors in the pretreated biomass, and this is at present the greatest barrier to their industrial application. Further
improvement of the properties of thermophilic bacteria, together with the optimization production processes, is equally important
for achieving a realistic industrial ethanol production. 相似文献
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Cao Yujin Zhang Haibo Liu Hui Liu Wei Zhang Rubing Xian Mo Liu Huizhou 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2018,102(4):1535-1544
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Sabinene is an important naturally occurring bicyclic monoterpene which can be used as flavorings, perfume additives, fine chemicals, and advanced biofuels.... 相似文献
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Shigao Huang Jie Yang Simon Fong Qi Zhao 《International journal of biological sciences》2021,17(6):1581
Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to aid in various aspects of the COVID-19 crisis, including epidemiology, molecular research and drug development, medical diagnosis and treatment, and socioeconomics. The association of AI and COVID-19 can accelerate to rapidly diagnose positive patients. To learn the dynamics of a pandemic with relevance to AI, we search the literature using the different academic databases (PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, Google Scholar) and preprint servers (bioRxiv, medRxiv, arXiv). In the present review, we address the clinical applications of machine learning and deep learning, including clinical characteristics, electronic medical records, medical images (CT, X-ray, ultrasound images, etc.) in the COVID-19 diagnosis. The current challenges and future perspectives provided in this review can be used to direct an ideal deployment of AI technology in a pandemic. 相似文献
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Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of flavanones: current state and perspectives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Polyphenols produced in a wide variety of flowering and fruit-bearing plants have the potential to be valuable fine chemicals
for the treatment of an assortment of human maladies. One of the major constituents within this chemical class are flavonoids,
among which flavanones, as the precursor to all flavonoid structures, are the most prevalent. We review the current status
of flavanone production technology using microorganisms, with focus on heterologous protein expression. Such processes appear
as attractive production alternatives for commercial synthesis of these high-value chemicals as traditional chemical, and
plant cell cultures have significant drawbacks. Other issues of importance, including fermentation configurations and economics,
are also considered. 相似文献
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Milke Lars Aschenbrenner Jennifer Marienhagen Jan Kallscheuer Nicolai 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2018,102(4):1575-1585
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Plants synthesize several thousand different polyphenols of which many have the potential to aid in preventing or treating cancer, cardiovascular, and... 相似文献
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Toru Matsui Yasumasa Dekishima Makoto Ueda 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2014,98(18):7699-7706
Chiral organic sulfoxides (COSs) are important compounds that act as chiral auxiliaries in numerous asymmetric reactions and as intermediates in chiral drug synthesis. In addition to their optical resolution, stereoselective oxidation of sulfides can be used for COS production. This reaction is facilitated by oxygenases and peroxidases from various microbial resources. To meet the current demand for esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor used in the treatment of gastric-acid-related disorders, and the (S)-isomer of an organic sulfoxide compound, omeprazole, a successful biotechnological production method using a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO), was developed. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in COS production using biocatalysts, including enzyme identification, protein engineering, and process development. 相似文献