重组戊型肝炎病毒衣壳蛋白p239特异性吸附、侵入HepG2细胞并阻断野病毒对肝细胞的感染

戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)引起的戊型肝炎在临床症状上与甲肝相似,但病死率更高,妊娠晚期病死率可高达15%～25%[1].近年来,戊肝在世界各地暴发不断;而我国戊肝发病迅速增长,已经成为普遍流行、危害严重的疾病之一[2].     

器官移植病人戊型肝炎病毒慢性化感染及治疗

戊型肝炎是由戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)感染引起的急性病毒性肝炎,其发病率居急性病毒性肝炎之首。戊型肝炎通常呈急性感染病程,2008年以来陆续发现器官移植病人等免疫抑制患者感染HEV后可能迁延为慢性化。在无抗病毒药物治疗的情况下,器官移植病人感染HEV后迁延为慢性感染的比例超过60%,其中10%的病人慢性感染HEV后可能出现肝纤维化,并且在较短的时间内进展为失代偿性肝硬化导致死亡。本文简要综述器官移植病人HEV慢性化感染及治疗。     

戊型肝炎病毒抗体检测的现状、问题与展望

戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)感染是包括我国在内发展中国家成人急性肝炎的主要原因,在发达国家戊型肝炎的发病率也在不断升高,且在免疫抑制患者中可引起慢性感染,因此对HEV感染的诊断受到广泛重视。血清学检测,包括抗-HEV IgM和IgG,仍是诊断HEV感染的主要手段,但目前存在的最大问题是检测抗-HEV抗体的试剂之间的敏感性和特异性差异很大,检测结果的符合率差。本文着重综述了国内外常用抗-HEV抗体检测试剂的组成以及检测结果,提出了今后可能有利于提高检测敏感性和特异性的研究构思。     

上海部分地区戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)基因型的分析

为了解戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)在上海部分地区流行的基因型,采用RT-nPCR的方法检验35例急性散发性戊型肝炎患者中HEV RNA,并对阳性产物进行克隆测序,然后对其基因型进行分析.结果显示在35例急性散发性戊型肝炎患者中PCR阳性为9例,测序证实8例为HEV的基因序列;其中1例为HEV 1型,7例为HEV 4型.提示在上海部分地区的急性散发性戊型肝炎中以HEV 4型感染为主.     

上海部分地区戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）基因型的分析

为了解戊型肝炎病毒 (HEV)在上海部分地区流行的基因型 ,采用RT nPCR的方法检验 35例急性散发性戊型肝炎患者中HEVRNA ,并对阳性产物进行克隆测序 ,然后对其基因型进行分析。结果显示在 35例急性散发性戊型肝炎患者中PCR阳性为 9例 ,测序证实 8例为HEV的基因序列 ;其中 1例为HEV 1型 ,7例为HEV 4型。提示在上海部分地区的急性散发性戊型肝炎中以HEV 4型感染为主     

戊型肝炎病毒感染孕妇的致病机制研究

戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus,HEV)是引起急性肝炎的主要原因之一。戊型肝炎通常是一种自限型疾病,但对孕妇和胎儿存在十分严重的危害,妊娠晚期孕妇感染HEV后死亡率高达25%,并极易造成胎儿早产、流产或死胎。目前HEV感染导致孕妇较高死亡率的原因还不清楚,本文将对HEV感染孕妇的流行病学及可能的致病机制作一综述。     

戊型肝炎病毒研究新进展

戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus,HEV)是引起全球多地区大规模流行和散发病例的急性病毒性肝炎的病原体,发展中国家尤为突出;我国是戊型肝炎(hepatitis E,HE)流行的高发区.HE是一种人畜共患病,猪是人HEV病毒的主要储库,因而HE已成为一个全球性的的公共卫生问题.对HEV的病毒学和基因组特征、临床表征、流行病学、主要抗原表位以及HEV诊断试剂和疫苗研制的进展进行了综述.     

新疆地区猪戊型肝炎血清流行病学调查

戊型肝炎(HE)是一种经粪-口传播的疾病,在发展中国家造成非常严重的健康问题.近年来的研究证实发达国家也存在戊型肝炎问题.该病主要威胁青壮年,孕妇病死率可高达20%.我国自1982年起就有HE的报道,新疆是HE的高流行区.由于HEV的组织培养研究尚不成熟,因此其诊断手段主要是利用RT-PCR检测病毒RNA,或利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测抗体.而用于血清学检测的抗原主要来自HEV ORF2和ORF3的产物,并且用ORF2产物建立的检测法有足够的敏感性和特异性.自Meng[1]1997年从美国猪体内克隆出戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)基因后,我国以及加拿大,西班牙,新西兰,澳大利亚,印度等国家也都克隆出本国猪HEV基因.虽然我国也进行了猪HEV的检测,但在1988年爆发过人源戊型肝炎的新疆地区猪群感染HEV的情况还不清楚.本研究调查了HEV在猪群的感染状况,对新疆不同地区,猪场,年龄段及品种的猪进行HE的血清学检测.     

我国戊型肝炎疫苗和诊断试剂原始创新研究

<正>戊型病毒性肝炎(戊肝)是全球最主要的病毒性肝炎之一,由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)感染导致。戊肝多数呈自限性,孕妇罹患戊肝的病死率高达20%,慢性肝病合并戊肝、老年人戊肝症状较重、易导致肝衰竭。HEV主要通过肠道传播,常导致大的暴发流行,1986~1988年我国新疆发生一次国内外有文献记载的规模最大的戊肝大流行,共发病     

戊型肝炎病毒感染实验室诊断方法研究进展

戊型肝炎是由戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E Virus,HEV)引起的急性病毒性肝炎,已经成为威胁人群健康的公共卫生问题。HEV主要通过消化道传播,但随着HEV输血传播病例的报道,HEV给输血安全带来的风险也受到人们的重视。通过分析戊型肝炎现有的诊断手段,以对献血员的HEV筛查提供借鉴作用,这对输血安全中戊型肝炎的预防和控制具有重大意义。目前常用的戊型肝炎检测指标主要包括:HEV RNA、HEV抗原、抗-HEV IgM、抗-HEV IgG。核酸检测是戊型肝炎诊断的"金标准",对于慢性戊型肝炎患者、免疫缺陷人群及无肝炎症状的HEV感染者都有着特别优势。HEV抗原作为HEV现症感染指标,对于血站HEV筛查和急性戊型肝炎诊断有很好的应用价值。抗-HEV IgM是HEV近期感染的标志,不能作为HEV现症感染的单一指标。而抗-HEV IgG只能指示HEV既往感染,不适用于急性戊型肝炎的诊断。目前,献血员HEV检测主要以核酸检测为基础,而HEV抗原检测可能弥补HEV RNA的检测不足。在未来,抗原检测和抗体检测对于献血员HEV筛查的价值还有待更多的研究评价。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.