土地利用/覆被变化扎龙湿地蒸散发量及生态需水量的遥感估算

地表蒸散发量是影响湿地水热平衡的主要因素,也是水分损失的主要途径,对湿地生态需水量的合理确定和水资源的有效管理具有重要意义。借助遥感和GIS技术,利用2002、2010、2016年34景Landsat影像,基于时序NDVI数据对湿地下垫面物候特征的定量表征,准确获取了扎龙湿地保护区3个时期土地利用/覆被的动态变化信息。选用物理基础较好且应用广泛的SEBAL模型,估算了湿地的瞬时蒸散发量,并结合站点气象数据,实现了湿地蒸散发量在时间尺度上的扩展,分别得到日、月、年尺度的湿地蒸散发量,深入探究了扎龙湿地蒸散发的时空分布特征;最后从湿地湖泡需水量、植物需水量及生物栖息地需水量3个方面,定量估算出扎龙湿地3个时期的现状生态需水量。研究发现：扎龙湿地的土地覆被类型主要以芦苇沼泽、草地和耕地为主,其中芦苇沼泽分布占绝对优势,且2002-2016年持续增加了205.82 km²;草地、耕地呈持续减少态势,分别减少了119.35 km²和95.96km²,表明2002-2016年扎龙湿地生态系统呈恢复态势;湿地保护区蒸散发量年内均大致呈单峰型分布,符合夏季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 冬季的规律,在年际上呈现明显的递增趋势,年蒸散发量由2002年的518.87mm增加到2016年的625.98mm,增加了20.64%。为满足湿地内的生态消耗,总体上2002-2016年湿地的生态需水量也相应的增加,保护区适宜生态需水量的变动范围为5.40亿-7.08亿m³,可以维持湿地湖泊、植被、动植物栖息地的健康态势。维持核心区健康状态的最小生态需水量变化范围为2.71亿-3.32亿m³。随着遥感数据时空分辨率的提高,基于蒸散发量反演的湿地生态需水量估算将更加实用和准确,为湿地保护区制定科学合理的补水方案提供有效的技术支撑。     

基于NOAA PAL数据集的地表蒸散遥感估算方法

基于NOAA AVHRR气象卫星长时间序列10 d合成的PAL数据集（分辨率8 km×8 km）以及地表能量平衡原理和“VI-T_s”方法,建立了地表蒸散的遥感估算方法,该方法不需要地面气象观测数据的支持,所需参数可直接从遥感数据反演或推算,并选择国际上著名的遥感蒸散模型——SEBS模型对新建模型进行了验证比较.结果表明：新建模型和SEBS模型模拟的地表蒸散值及其季节性变化趋势非常一致,说明新构建模型的模拟结果比较可靠,能够反映地表蒸散的实际情况.新建地表蒸散遥感估算模型可操作性强,为利用长时间序列的卫星遥感数据研究我国乃至全球地表蒸散的时空变化规律提供了一个新的途径.     

Multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing for identification and mapping of wetland vegetation: a review

Wetland vegetation plays a key role in the ecological functions of wetland environments. Remote sensing techniques offer timely, up-to-date, and relatively accurate information for sustainable and effective management of wetland vegetation. This article provides an overview on the status of remote sensing applications in discriminating and mapping wetland vegetation, and estimating some of the biochemical and biophysical parameters of wetland vegetation. Research needs for successful applications of remote sensing in wetland vegetation mapping and the major challenges are also discussed. The review focuses on providing fundamental information relating to the spectral characteristics of wetland vegetation, discriminating wetland vegetation using broad- and narrow-bands, as well as estimating water content, biomass, and leaf area index. It can be concluded that the remote sensing of wetland vegetation has some particular challenges that require careful consideration in order to obtain successful results. These include an in-depth understanding of the factors affecting the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and wetland vegetation in a particular environment, selecting appropriate spatial and spectral resolution as well as suitable processing techniques for extracting spectral information of wetland vegetation.     

黄河三角洲湿地蒸散量与典型植被的生态需水量

蒸散量（ET）是黄河三角洲湿地水资源的主要消耗项,包括植被蒸腾、水面蒸发以及裸土蒸发等。植被生态需水是为了保证植被生态系统能够健康维持并确保其生态服务功能得到正常发挥而必须消耗的一部分水量。准确地估算湿地蒸散量、研究植被生态需水量对于保护湿地生态环境是十分必要的。应用MODIS的地表反射率、地表温度数据与常规气象数据以及土地利用/覆盖图,利用蒸散量的遥感估算模型SEBS模型估算了晴天条件下的黄河三角洲湿地日蒸散量,采用HANTS算法插补了非晴天条件下的日蒸散量,从而得到2001～2005年的该湿地年蒸散量的时间序列,并对蒸散量进行验证和分析。结合该地区典型植被生态需水量与植被蒸散耗水量,估算了2001～2005年的生态补水量。结果表明：与实测值相比,遥感估算月蒸散量的均方差RMSD为16.4mm,平均绝对百分比误差MAPD是11.9%,两者基本一致。黄河三角洲湿地的蒸散量在空间分布上以水体及周围地区、滨海滩涂、黄河故道以及黄河两岸沼泽湿地等的蒸散量较高,居民地蒸散量较低。蒸散量的年际变化不大,季节变化呈单峰型,以5、6、7月份蒸散量最大,月蒸散量在110～120mm之间。2001～2005年期间,每年至少有40%面积的芦苇沼泽和60%面积的芦苇草甸水分供应不足,植被的正常生长受到影响,尤其2002年较为严重,2004年以后情况有所改善。2002年芦苇的生态补水量最大,在9.9×10^7～3.19×108m^3之间,而2004年的生态补水量最小,在3.0×10^7～2.39×108m^3之间。     

阿克苏河流域土壤湿度反演与监测研究

以新疆阿克苏河流域为研究区,以GF-1 WFV和Landsat8 OLI两种高分辨率遥感影像为数据源,结合102个不同深度层的土壤湿度实测数据,选择垂直干旱指数(PDI)、改进型垂直干旱指数(MPDI)和植被调整垂直干旱指数(VAPDI),对土壤湿度指数反演的效果进行比较和验证。结果表明,两种数据源下的PDI、MPDI、VAPDI与土壤湿度实测含水量的决定系数较高,尤其是0—10 cm的相关性最强,平均决定系数达到0.68,说明基于光学遥感影像近红外和红光波段反射率构建的反演指数对近地表层土壤湿度信息更敏感,但对地下较深层次的土壤湿度反演精度略低;MPDI和VAPDI能够在一定程度上克服混合像元对土壤湿度光谱信息的影响,反演的精度要比PDI高,尤其是高植被覆盖度区,采用垂直植被指数(PVI)修正的VAPDI反演精度最佳;基于两种遥感数据源的土壤湿度空间异质性基本一致,但空间分辨率较高的GF-1 WFV模拟的土壤湿度空间分异更加精细和明显。研究结果可为"一带一路"背景下干旱半干旱地区大范围和动态监测土壤湿度、开展定量节水灌溉等提供理论基础和实践参考。     

Microphytobenthos assemblage mapping by spatial visible-infrared remote sensing in a shellfish ecosystem

The aim of this work is to assess the use of (SPOT) multispectral visible infrared remote sensing to study microphytobentos assemblages in a shellfish ecosystem (Bay of Bourgneuf, France). SPOT satellite images (acquired at low tide in spring or autumn between 1986 and 1998) were calibrated using in situ radiometric data, and the normalised vegetation index (NDVI) obtained from these images showed microphytobenthos on bay mudflats. Proliferation was mainly along a north-south strip, essentially localised around the +2 m isobath and covering a surface area of 19 to 25% of the total mudflat area studied (420 to 550 ha). Three factors seem to be responsible for the spatial structure of the assemblages: bathymetry, nutrient input from the Falleron River and its channel, and the location of oyster-farming areas. Although spatial and spectral resolutions of multispectral remote sensing data have certain limitations, this approach opens up a new field of application for hyperspectral remote sensing, particularly for synoptic mapping of biomass distribution.     

Remote sensing-based assessment of ecosystem health by optimizing vigor-organization-resilience model: A case study in Fuzhou City,China

Although remote sensing technology has been used to evaluate regional ecosystem health for a long time, it is still necessary to find a suitable index system to better evaluate ecosystem health. This study aims to improve the ecosystem health measurement ability of remote sensing technology. This research was carried out in Fuzhou under the traditional Vigor-Organization-Resilience (VOR) framework by optimizing and improving the construction method of sub-indexes. Sub-indexes were constructed using spectral index analysis, landscape theoretical ecology model and spatial measurement. Three remote sensing datasets were used (1996, 2008 and 2021) to carry out remote sensing diagnosis of regional ecosystem health in the Fuzhou administrative region. The main research findings and conclusions were as follows. A new comprehensive vigor index (CVI) was developed by the principal component analysis (PCA) based on the four indicators: fractional vegetation cover (FVC), global vegetation moisture index (GVMI), vegetation temperature condition index (VTCI), normalized differential build-up and bare soil index (NDBSI). A new organizational index was constructed based on the landscape index. Four types of indexes, namely landscape heterogeneity (LH), landscape connectivity (LC), the shape characteristics of forest patches (CS) and the connectivity of forest patches (CC) were used as the main factors for calculating the organizational index. A resilience index calculation framework was proposed based on the habitat quality model. The temporal and spatial characteristics of ecosystem health were evaluated and analyzed. The regional ecosystem health value of the whole region reduced gradually, with average values of 0.3521 (1996), 0.3445 (2008) and 0.3345 (2021) respectively. The average reduction rate was 0.0007 per year (1996–2021). The proposed remote sensing diagnosis method provides a complete framework for solving the problems of measuring the dynamic evolution process and characteristics of regional ecosystem health.     

城市不透水面与相关城市生态要素关系的定量分析

城市空间的快速扩展已使得原来以植被为主的自然景观逐渐被人工不透水建筑物所取代,并对区域乃至全球的生态系统造成了明显的影响.因此,准确了解城市不透水面及其与植被、水体、城市热环境的相关关系对于城市的科学规划和城市生态系统的修复具有重要的意义.以福州市为例,采用遥感空间信息技术,获得了城市不透水面、地表温度、植被和水体的信息,并对它们的关系进行了定量分析.发现了城市不透水面与地表温度之间的关系并不是一种简单的线性关系,而是一种很显著的指数函数关系,说明高不透水面比例地区的升温效应要明显高于低不透水面比例地区.多元统计分析表明不透水面是引发城市热岛的最重要因子.     

RS和GIS在植被生态学中的应用及其前景

近年来,随着遥感和计算机软、硬件技术的发展与完善,利用遥感数据所进行的生态学研究已经深入到生态学的许多领域,取得了丰富的研究成果,并将继续在区域和全球尺度上的生态学研究中起着极为重要的作用。利用遥感所进行的生态学研究主要是基于植物的反射光谱特征来实现的。植物的反射光谱曲线具有显著特征。在可见光谱段,绿色植物的平均光谱反射率低于干土,而高于或接近于水体。在近红外谱段,植物的平均光谱反射率比土壤或水体高,以水体为最低。在中红外谱段,植物的平均光谱反射率比水体略高（或相近）,但明显高于干土。在０．３５…     

Implementation of a hierarchical global vegetation classification in ecosystem function models

Abstract. We propose an alternative approach for the currently used biogeographic global vegetation classifications. A hierarchical vegetation classification system is proposed for consistent and routine monitoring of global vegetation. Global vegetation is first defined into six classes based on plant canopy structure and dynamics observable by remote sensing from satellites. Additional biome variability is then represented through a remote sensing derived leaf area index map, and direct climate data sets driving an ecosystem model to compute and map net primary production and evapotranspiration. Simulation results from an ecosystem function model suggest that the six canopy structure-based classes are sufficient to represent global variability in these parameters, provided the spatio-temporal variations in Leaf Area Index and climate are characterized accurately. If a bioclimatically based classification is needed for other purposes, our six class approach can be expanded to a possible 21 classes using archived climatic zones. For example, tropical, subtropical, temperate and boreal labels are defined by absolute minimum temperature. Further separation in each class is possible through changes in water availability defined by precipitation and/or soils. The resulting vegetation classes correspond to many of the existing, conventional global vegetation schemes, yet retain the measure of actual vegetation possible because remote sensing first defines the six biome classes in our classification. Vegetation classifications are no longer an end product but a source of initializing data for global ecosystem function models. Remote sensing with biosphere models directly calculates the ecological functions previously inferred from vegetation classifications, but with higher spatial and temporal accuracy.     

Applying remote sensing techniques to monitor shifting wetland vegetation: A case study of Danshui River estuary mangrove communities,Taiwan

The purpose of this study is to apply different remote sensing techniques to monitor shifting mangrove vegetation in the Danshui River estuary in Taipei, Taiwan, in order to evaluate a long-term wetland conservation strategy compromising between comprehensive wetland ecosystem management and urban development. In the Danshui estuary, mangrove dominated by Kandelia candel is the major vegetation, and a large area of marsh with freshwater grasses has been protected in three reserves along the river shore. This study applied satellite imagery from different remote sensors of various resolutions for spectral analysis in order to compare shifting wetland vegetation communities at different times. A two-stage analytical process was used for extracting vegetation area and types. In the first-stage, a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was adopted to analyze SPOT, Landsat, and QuickBird imagery to obtain the spatial distribution of vegetation covers. In the second stage, a maximum likelihood classification (MLC) program was used to classify mangrove and non-mangrove areas. The results indicated that the spatial distribution of mangroves expanded 15.18 and 40 ha in two monitoring sites in 10 years, demonstrating the success of establishing reserves for protecting mangrove habitats. The analytical results also indicated that satellite imagery can easily discern the difference in characteristics between imagery of mangrove and other vegetation types, and that the logistical disadvantages of monitoring long-term vegetation community changes as well as evaluating an inaccessible area may be overcome by applying remote sensing techniques.     

Estimating evapotranspiration and drought stress with ground-based thermal remote sensing in agriculture: a review

As evaporation of water is an energy-demanding process, increasing evapotranspiration rates decrease the surface temperature (T(s)) of leaves and plants. Based on this principle, ground-based thermal remote sensing has become one of the most important methods for estimating evapotranspiration and drought stress and for irrigation. This paper reviews its application in agriculture. The review consists of four parts. First, the basics of thermal remote sensing are briefly reviewed. Second, the theoretical relation between T(s) and the sensible and latent heat flux is elaborated. A modelling approach was used to evaluate the effect of weather conditions and leaf or vegetation properties on leaf and canopy temperature. T(s) increases with increasing air temperature and incoming radiation and with decreasing wind speed and relative humidity. At the leaf level, the leaf angle and leaf dimension have a large influence on T(s); at the vegetation level, T(s) is strongly impacted by the roughness length; hence, by canopy height and structure. In the third part, an overview of the different ground-based thermal remote sensing techniques and approaches used to estimate drought stress or evapotranspiration in agriculture is provided. Among other methods, stress time, stress degree day, crop water stress index (CWSI), and stomatal conductance index are discussed. The theoretical models are used to evaluate the performance and sensitivity of the most important methods, corroborating the literature data. In the fourth and final part, a critical view on the future and remaining challenges of ground-based thermal remote sensing is presented.     

Ecosystem Evapotranspiration as a Response to Climate and Vegetation Coverage Changes in Northwest Yunnan,China

Climate and human-driven changes play an important role in regional droughts. Northwest Yunnan Province is a key region for biodiversity conservation in China, and it has experienced severe droughts since the beginning of this century; however, the extent of the contributions from climate and human-driven changes remains unclear. We calculated the ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET) and water yield (WY) of northwest Yunnan Province, China from 2001 to 2013 using meteorological and remote sensing observation data and a Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) model. Multivariate regression analyses were used to differentiate the contribution of climate and vegetation coverage to ET. The results showed that the annual average vegetation coverage significantly increased over time with a mean of 0.69 in spite of the precipitation fluctuation. Afforestation/reforestation and other management efforts attributed to vegetation coverage increase in NW Yunnan. Both ET and WY considerably fluctuated with the climate factors, which ranged from 623.29 mm to 893.8 mm and –51.88 mm to 384.40 mm over the time period. Spatially, ET in the southeast of NW Yunnan (mainly in Lijiang) increased significantly, which was in line with the spatial trend of vegetation coverage. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that climatic factors accounted for 85.18% of the ET variation, while vegetation coverage explained 14.82%. On the other hand, precipitation accounted for 67.5% of the WY. We conclude that the continuous droughts in northwest Yunnan were primarily climatically driven; however, man-made land cover and vegetation changes also increased the vulnerability of local populations to drought. Because of the high proportion of the water yield consumed for subsistence and poor infrastructure for water management, local populations have been highly vulnerable to climate drought conditions. We suggest that conservation of native vegetation and development of water-conserving agricultural practices should be implemented as adaptive strategies to mitigate climate change.     

新一代遥感技术助力生态系统生态学研究

随着气候变化和人类活动的加剧, 生态系统正处于剧烈变化中, 生态学家需要从更大的时空尺度去理解生态系统过程和变化规律, 应对全球变化带来的威胁和挑战。传统地面调查方法主要获取的是样方尺度、离散的数据, 难以满足大尺度生态系统研究对数据时空连续性的要求。相比于传统地面调查方法, 遥感技术具有实时获取、重复监测以及多时空尺度的特点, 弥补了传统地面调查方法空间观测尺度有限的缺点。遥感通过分析电磁波信息从而识别地物属性和特征, 反演生态系统组成、能量流动和物质循环过程中的关键要素, 已逐渐成为生态学研究中必不可少的数据来源。近年来, 随着激光雷达、日光诱导叶绿素荧光等新型遥感技术以及无人机、背包等近地面遥感平台的发展, 个人化、定制化的近地面遥感观测逐渐成熟, 新一代遥感技术正在推动遥感信息“二维向三维”的转变, 为传统样地观测与卫星遥感之间搭建了尺度推绎桥梁, 这也给生态系统生态学带来了新的机遇, 推动生态系统生态学向多尺度、多过程、多学科、多途径发展。因此, 该文从生态系统生态学角度出发, 重点关注陆地生态系统中生物组分, 并分别从生态系统类型、结构、功能和生物多样性等方面, 结合作者在实际研究工作中的主要成果和该领域国际前沿动态, 阐述遥感技术在生态系统生态学中的研究现状并指出我国生态系统遥感监测领域发展方向及亟待解决的问题。     

基于遥感生态指数的新疆玛纳斯湖湿地生态变化评价

以2000、2006和2016年3期的Landsat遥感影像为基础数据源,结合前人研究成果和实地考察,借助RSEI指数,对玛纳斯湖湿地生态环境进行监测和评价。结果表明:利用主成分分析技术集成植被指数、湿度分量、地表温度和土壤指数建立的RSEI指数具有一定的适用性,可较好的对玛纳斯湖湿地生态环境质量状况及其时空变化进行监测和评价。2000、2006和2016年RSEI指数均值分别为0.227、0.183、0.234,对RSEI指数进行分级处理后,发现流域生态环境质量"较差"等级居于主导地位,"优"等级有所增加,湿地生态环境质量向好的方向发展。气候变化和人类活动共同作用于玛纳斯湖湿地产生的生态环境效应,日益增强的人类活动是湿地退化的主要原因,多年来粗放型的农业发展使玛纳斯河流域人口、经济与生态环境之间的关系严重失调。从优化水资源配置角度提出对主要源流流域水土资源大规模开发的同时,应重视尾闾湖泊湿地的生态价值与可持续发展。     

白洋淀湿地生态系统水分条件遥感监测方法

湿地水文条件对湿地生态系统结构和功能起到关键作用。利用遥感获取与湿地水分条件直接相关的生物物理变量,包括归一化植被指数（NDVI）和地表温度,探讨监测湿地挺水植物缺水状况的可能性,并探讨了建立湿地水分遥感监测的新方法。回归分析表明,对于同一挺水植物而言,在湿地旱化的条件下,由于植物的蒸腾作用的差异,在植被生长状况（NDVI）相同的情况下,地势较高处植物的冠层温度亦较高;在生长处高度相同的情况下,植被覆盖度高（NDVI值高）的地方,植物的冠层温度较低。这说明可以通过地表温度和NDVI来监测挺水植物的缺水程度。     

基于多端元光谱混合分析方法的大兴安岭火后植被盖度恢复研究

火干扰是北方针叶林结构、功能及动态的主要调节因子之一。研究火后植被恢复对理解火干扰和生态系统的交互作用具有重要意义。火烧迹地通常由植被与基质混合组成,在中低分辨率（ > 10 m）遥感影像中表现为混合像元,因此研究亚像元尺度上植被的恢复是精确量化植被恢复的关键。本研究以2000年大兴安岭呼中自然保护区中8700 hm²火烧迹地为研究区,以两期（2014年6月1日和2010年6月22日）中分辨率Landsat ETM+影像（30 m）为基础数据,比较多端元光谱混合分析（Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis,MESMA）和归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）获得的植被盖度,以高分辨率（2 m）WorldView-2影像（2014年7月1日）为验证数据,对两种方法计算的植被盖度精度进行比较。结果表明,MESMA方法获得的植被盖度（R²=0.691）与传统的NDVI获得的植被盖度（R²=0.700）精度无统计差异,中烈度下获得的植被覆盖精度高于低、高火烧烈度。为验证同一端元能否运用到不同时相的Landsat影像中,本研究将从2014年影像中获取的最佳端元运用到2010年影像中获得植被盖度图,结果表明2014年与2010年得到的RMSE（均方根误差）均值分别为0.0015和0.0065,说明最佳端元可用于不同时相的影像分解。本研究表明MESMA方法可有效监测北方针叶林中火后植被盖度恢复,并可运用于时间序列遥感影像监测植被恢复动态。     

Monitoring rapid vegetation succession in estuarine wetland using time series MODIS-based indicators: An application in the Yangtze River Delta area

Frequent and continuous time series is required for the detection of plant phenology and vegetation succession. The launch of novel remote sensor MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) provided us with an opportunity to make a new trial of studying the rapid vegetation succession in estuarine wetlands. In this study, the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation cover and tidal flat elevation along a transect (covering 6 pixels of MODIS) of an estuarine wetland at Dongtan, Chongming Island, in Yangtze River estuary, China were investigated to assess its rapid vegetation succession and physical conditions. By combining the field data collected, the time series of MODIS-based VIs (vegetation indices), including NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), EVI (enhanced vegetation index) and MSAVI (modified soil adjusted vegetation index), and a water index, LSWI (land surface water index) were utilized to characterize the rapid vegetation succession between 2001 and 2006. We found that NDVI, EVI and MSAVI exhibited significant spatial and temporal correlations with vegetation succession, while LSWI behaved in a positive manner with surface water and soil moisture along with the successional stages. In order to take the advantages of both VIs and water index, a composite index of VWR (vegetation water ratio) combining LSWI and EVI or MSAVI was proposed in this paper. This index facilitates the identification of vegetation succession by simply comparing the values of VWR at different stages, and therefore it could track vegetation succession and estimate community spread rate. Additionally, this study presented an attempt of using MODIS datasets to monitor the change of tidal flat elevation, which demonstrated a potential remote sensing application in geodesy of coastal and estuarine areas.     

遥感GPP模型在中亚干旱区4个典型生态系统的适用性评价

总初级生产力(GPP)是全球生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分,对全球气候变化有重要影响。目前有多种遥感模型可以模拟总初级生产力,比较不同遥感模型在中亚干旱区上的适用性对推进全球干旱区碳收支估算具有重要意义。基于涡度协相关技术观测的四个地面站数据验证MOD17、VODCA2、VPM、TG、SANIRv五种模型的模拟精度。结果表明：(1)基于光能利用率理论的MOD17、VPM模型模拟咸海荒漠植被和阜康荒漠植被GPP的精度最高(R²分别为0.52和0.80),但在模拟草地、农田生态系统生产力时存在较明显的低估(RE>20%);基于植被指数的遥感模型TG模型、SANIRv模型模拟巴尔喀什湖草地生态系统和乌兰乌苏农田生态系统GPP的精度最高(R²分别为0.91和0.81),同时模拟值与实测值的相对误差也较低;基于微波的VODCA2模型模拟各生态系统生产力的效果最差。(2)水分亏缺是限制植被GPP的主要因素,因此是否合理考虑水分胁迫是影响GPP模型在中亚干旱区适用性的重要因素。研究揭示了遥感GPP模型在中亚干旱区的应用潜力,为推进全球植被碳通量的准确估...     

Temporal areal changes of wetlands in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and their responses to ecological water conveyance

及时了解和定量分析荒漠区河岸带湿地月度时序变化趋势及对生态输水过程的响应, 对认识湿地生态修复过程, 改进生态输水策略, 维护湿地生态系统稳定具有重要意义。该文基于Landsat ETM+/TM/OLI和Sentinel 2形成的月尺度的密集长时序遥感数据, 分析2000-2018年塔里木河下游英苏-阿拉干之间的湿地时序变化特征, 并评估湿地变化对生态输水过程的响应。结果表明: 近19年来湿地面积持续增加, 其中2011-2013年和2017-2018年是面积快速增加的时段。不同的单、双通道输水方式和输水量大小解释了喀尔达依湿地与博孜库勒湿地在不同时段增长的快慢。对湿地面积与生态输水量、地下水埋深关系的分析表明, 累计生态输水量的持续增加是近20年来塔里木河下游河岸带湿地扩张的重要因素, 每年大于3.5亿m ³的双通道生态输水, 地下水埋深维持在-5.0- -3.5 m是湿地持续稳定增长的关键。