高龄急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉支架治疗的临床观察

目的:评价高龄急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者行经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗的安全性和有效性.方法:对比分析108例高龄ACS患者(≥75岁组)和176例非高龄ACS患者(<75岁组)冠状动脉造 影特征、PCI治疗的情况,即刻手术成功率、住院及随访期间主要心血管事件的发生情况.结果:高龄组与非高龄组比较,冠状动脉病变多为多支病变(72.2%比31.8%,P<001);2组手术即刻成功率无明显差异;2组术后达到心肌梗塞溶检(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI)3级血流患者比率无明显差异;高龄组手术操作时间非高龄组长[(68.4±25.4)min比(53.7±21.8)min,P<0.05];高龄组住院期间、随访期间累计总的主要心血管事件发生率明显高于非高龄组.结论:对高龄ACS患者行PCI治疗是比较安全而有效的再灌注手段.     

老年急性心肌梗死并心源性休克冠状动脉介入治疗的临床效果分析

目的:对比分析介入治疗和保守治疗对急性心梗合并心源性休克的老年患者的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析急性心肌梗死并心源性休克患者,共入选230例,按照医生评估进行分组治疗,分为介入治疗组和非介入治疗组,介入组患者120例,接受冠脉介入治疗;非介入组患者110例,接受非介入治疗。对比分析危险因素以及治疗效果。结果:介入组中心肌梗死病史及心衰病史患者明显高于非介入组(24.2%vs 20%P<0.05;25%vs 17.3%,P<0.05),经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与非介入治疗相比能显著降低急性心梗合并心源性休克的老年患者住院病死率(40.8%vs 71.8%,P<0.05),非介入治疗组心律失常发生率高于介入治疗组(26.7%vs 21.8%,P<0.05),同时非介入治疗组肺部感染及肾衰的发病率较高(11.8%vs 5.8%P<0.05;8.2%vs 2.0%,P<0.05)。结论:针对急性心梗合并心源性休克的老年患者制定治疗方案时,虽然介入治疗存在更多的并发症,但是可以显著改善患者预后。     

药物洗脱支架治疗急性心肌梗死患者临床随访观察

目的:探讨药物洗脱支架在急性心肌梗死(AMI)入住我院CCU后行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性和有效性.方法:选择2007年1月至2007年12月因急性心肌梗死入住我院CCU的220例急性心肌梗死患者,其中于发病12小时内行急诊手术治疗的患者200例,急诊手术仅处理梗死相关血管的靶病变,均植入药物洗脱支架,评价手术成功率、并发症、随访期间心脏不良事件发生率、再狭窄率等.结果:200例患者急诊手术治疗均获得成功,植入支架数量为1.41±0.711枚,未发生与介入治疗有关的严重并发症,住院期间发生心源性死亡2例,非心源性死亡1例,无院内支架内血栓形成、再次心梗,临床随防7.3±1.9(5-15)个月,136例患者复查了冠状动脉造影,造影随访率72.3%,随访终点内死亡5例(死亡率2.66%),含心源性死亡3例,非心源性死亡2例,其中再发心肌梗死1例,6例患者进行了再次靶血管血运重建(3.19%).结论:药物洗脱支架在急性心肌梗死患者行急诊PCI治疗中安全可行,且院内、术后7个月随访观察显示疗效显著,并明显降低靶血管再狭窄率.     

替格瑞洛在急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后的应用价值

目的:评价替格瑞洛在急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后的应用价值。方法:将我院收治的565例成功行PCI的急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者随机分为2组:氯吡格雷组253例,术后口服氯吡格雷75 mg、QD;替格瑞洛组312例,术后口服替格瑞洛首剂180 mg,维持量90mg、BID。两组患者术后常规口服阿司匹林100 mg、QD。研究主要终点为主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE),包括全因死亡、靶血管血运重建和脑梗塞;次要终点为TIMI主要出血(定义为血红蛋白下降50 g/L或颅内出血有关的临床显著出血事件)。结果:565例患者平均随访12个月,替格瑞洛组MACE发生率低于氯吡格雷组(3.8%vs.8.7%,P0.05),两组TIMI主要出血事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(2.9%vs.3.2%,P0.05)。结论:替格瑞洛能明显减少PCI术后主要不良心血管事件,并不增加主要出血。     

冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后支架内再狭窄的相关危险因素分析

目的:探究冠心病(CHD)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后支架内再狭窄(ISR)的相关危险因素。方法:选取2014年6月～2017年6月期间我院收治的行PCI的CHD患者200例为研究对象,术后随访一年再行冠脉造影检测,根据患者是否发生ISR分为观察组(38例,发生ISR)和对照组(162例,未发生ISR),收集并比较两组患者基线资料及生化指标,采用多因素logistic回归分析CHD患者PCI术后发生ISR的危险因素。结果:观察组吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病的人数占比、病程及支架直径均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]、纤维蛋白原(FIB)及尿酸(UA)水平显著高于对照组,总胆红素(TBIL)水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,吸烟、糖尿病、支架直径(小)以及高水平LP(a)、低水平UA为CHD患者行PCI术后发生ISR的危险因素。结论:CHD患者行PCI术后发生ISR的危险因素有吸烟、糖尿病、支架直径以及高水平LP(a)、低水平UA,因此在PCI术中应尽可能选用较大的支架,同时戒烟、控制血糖有利于预防ISR的发生,定期检测血清LP(a)、UA水平变化,并采取有效的医疗与保健措施能够减少ISR的发生风险。     

不同动脉途径行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗高龄冠心病的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨不同动脉途径行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗高龄冠心病的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选取2014年1月～2017年1月我院收治的265例高龄冠心病患者为研究对象,根据就诊顺序将受试者分为对照组132例及研究组133例,对照组患者给予股动脉途径(TFI)行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,研究组患者给予桡动脉途径(TRI)行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,比较两组患者的手术情况、手术前后各心功能指标变化、心血管不良事件及并发症的发生情况。结果:两组患者的手术成功率、支架数量、造影剂用量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但研究组患者动脉穿刺时间、导管插入时间及X线曝光时间均长于对照组,卧床时间及住院时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的左心射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)及左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)较治疗前均明显改善,且研究组优于对照组(P0.05),研究组患者心血管不良事件发生率及各并发症发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:TRI与TFI在经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗高龄冠心病患者的手术效果相当,但TRI在改善患者心功能、减少心血管不良事件的效果更好且安全性更高,可做为高龄冠心病患者PCI治疗的首选途径。     

高龄ST段抬高心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后的院内预后及其影响因素分析

目的:探讨高龄ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后住院期间的预后情况及其影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年12月因STEMI入住我院并行直接PCI的高龄患者(年龄≥75岁)的一般情况、既往史、入院情况、术中及术后情况、并发症等资料,总结分析该类患者住院期间的临床预后,并采用logistic回归模型对可能影响住院期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)的危险因素进行分析。结果:研究共纳入127例患者,其中男性84例(66.14%),女性43例(33.86%),年龄79±3岁,住院时间13.07±7.80天,住院期间MACE的发生率为17.32%,其中死亡4例(3.15%)。单因素logistic回归分析显示入院时心功能(Killip分级)≥2级、完全性房室传导阻滞、窦性停搏与高龄STEMI患者直接PCI术后住院期间MACE的发生相关,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。而多因素logistic回归分析显示入院时心功能(Killip分级)和完全性房室传导阻滞是高龄STEMI患者住院期间MACE的危险因素。结论:高龄STEMI患者接受直接PCI治疗总体安全,影响其住院期间MACE的危险因素包括心功能不全和完全性房室传导阻滞。     

分散注意对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术前患者心理状态的影响

目的：探讨分散注意对预行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者心理状态的影响。方法i选取64例预行PCI的冠心病患者,随机分为对照组和试验组,各32例。对照组采用常规护理,试验组在对照组的基础上采用分散注意进行护理干预,采用Zung焦虑自评量表（sAs）及抑郁自评量表（SDS）对两组患者术前3d和术前1～3h的心理状况进行调查,静脉采血测定去甲肾上腺素（NE）、皮质醇（COS）浓度。结果：两组干预前SAS、SDS评分及血浆NE、COS水平比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;实施干预后,两组患者SAS评分、SDS评分及血浆NE、COS水平均有所下降,与干预前比较差异显著（P〈0．01）,试验组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。结论：分散注意能有效的减轻PCI术前患者的焦虑等负性情绪,利于患者治疗及术后恢复。     

饮食提示卡在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者中的应用

目的：探讨饮食提示卡在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后患者护理中的临床效应。方法：选取62例冠心病行PCI治疗术后患者,随机分为对照组和试验组,各31例。对照组采用常规护理,试验组在对照组的基础上采用饮食提示卡进行护理干预,比较两组患者血压、血脂、血糖的控制情况,饮食知识的知晓率,治疗的依从性以及护理的满意度。结果：实施干预后．试验组血压、血脂、血糖的控制率优于对照组（P〈0．05）,饮食知识知晓率高于对照组（P〈0．01）,治疗的依从性与护理的满意度优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：饮食提示卡能使PCI术后患者对危险因素进行有效地控制,提高对知识的掌握,增加治疗的依从性,提高护理质量。     

饮食提示卡在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者中的应用

目的:探讨饮食提示卡在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者护理中的临床效应。方法:选取62例冠心病行PCI治疗术后患者,随机分为对照组和试验组,各31例。对照组采用常规护理,试验组在对照组的基础上采用饮食提示卡进行护理干预,比较两组患者血压、血脂、血糖的控制情况,饮食知识的知晓率,治疗的依从性以及护理的满意度。结果:实施干预后,试验组血压、血脂、血糖的控制率优于对照组(P0.05),饮食知识知晓率高于对照组(P0.01),治疗的依从性与护理的满意度优于对照组(P0.01)。结论:饮食提示卡能使PCI术后患者对危险因素进行有效地控制,提高对知识的掌握,增加治疗的依从性,提高护理质量。     

Impact of Triple Therapy in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background and Purpose

Selecting an ideal antithrombotic therapy for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can be challenging since they have a higher thromboembolic and bleeding risk than younger patients. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of triple therapy (TT: oral anticoagulation plus dual antiplatelet therapy: aspirin plus clopidogrel) in patients ≥75 years of age with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

A prospective multicenter study was conducted from 2003 to 2012 at 6 Spanish teaching hospitals. A cohort study of consecutive patients with AF undergoing PCI and treated with TT or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) was analyzed. All outcomes were evaluated at 1-year of follow-up.

Results

Five hundred and eighty-five patients, 289 (49%) of whom were ≥75 years of age (79.6±3.4 years; 33% women) were identified. TT was prescribed in 55.9% of patients at discharge who had a higher thromboembolic risk (CHA₂DS₂VASc score: 4.23±1.51 vs 3.76±1.40, p = 0.007 and a higher bleeding risk (HAS-BLED ≥3: 88.6% vs 79.2%, p = 0.02) than those on DAPT. Therefore, patients on TT had a lower rate of thromboembolism than those on DAPT (0.6% vs 6.9%, p = 0.004; HR 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01–0.70, p = 0.004). Major bleeding events occurred more frequently in patients on TT than in those on DAPT (11.7% vs 2.4%, p = 0.002; HR 5.2, 95% CI: 1.53–17.57, p = 0.008). The overall mortality rate was similar in both treatment groups (11.9% vs 13.9%, p = 0.38); however, after adjustment for confounding variables, TT was associated with a reduced mortality rate (HR 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12–0.86, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

In elderly patients with AF undergoing PCI, the use of TT compared to DAPT was associated with reduced thromboembolism and mortality rates, although a higher rate of major bleeding.     

医患通平台在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者中的应用

目的:探讨医患通平台对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者进行护理的临床效应。方法:选取54例冠心病行PCI治疗术后患者,随机分为对照组和试验组,各27例。对照组采用常规护理,试验组在对照组的基础上采用医患通平台进行护理干预,比较两组患者血压、血脂、血糖的控制情况,主要不良心脏事件(MACE)的发生情况,并采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)对两组患者进行心理状况调查。结果:实施干预后,试验组血压、血脂、血糖的控制率优于对照组(P0.05),MACE的发生率低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者两组干预前HAMA、HAMD评分比较无明显差异(P0.05),干预后试验组患者HAMA评分、HAMD评分有所下降,与干预前及对照组比较差异显著(P0.01),对照组干预前后无变化(P0.05)。结论:医患通平台能有效地让PCI术后患者对危险因素进行控制,降低MACE的发生,改善患者的负性情绪,是较好的健康教育方式。     

阿托伐他汀强化治疗对冠脉介入冠心病患者的保护作用研究

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀强化治疗对冠脉介入冠心病患者的保护作用。方法:将86例择期行经皮冠脉介入(PCI)治疗的冠心病患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各43例。两组均行常规治疗,对照组在PCI术后服用阿托伐他汀20 mg/d,观察组在PCI术前服用阿托伐他汀80 mg,术后服用阿托伐他汀20 mg/d,术后两组均维持服用4周。比较PCI术前、术后患者血小板活化、内皮功能及血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(c TNI)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的变化。结果:术前及术后24 h,两组间血小板活化指标P-选择素(CD62P)和血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa(GPⅡb/Ⅲa)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后4周,两组患者CD62P和GPⅡb/Ⅲa水平均较术前及术后24 h显著降低,且观察组降低更显著(P0.05);术前及术后24 h,两组间内皮功能指标内皮素1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后4周,两组患者ET-1水平均较术前及术后24 h显著降低,NO水平均显著升高,且观察组改变更显著(P0.05);术后24 h,两组患者的血清CK-MB、TNI和hs-CRP水平均较术前显著升高(P0.05),但观察组升高幅度明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀强化治疗可抑制PCI术后血小板活化,改善血管内皮功能,抑制炎症反应,减少心肌损伤。     

术前参观对冠状动脉介入治疗患者焦虑的影响

目的:探讨术前参观对择期进行心脏介入术患者心理焦虑的影响。方法:将400例择期行心脏介入手术的患者分为参观组和对照组,对照组术前采用常规护理干预,参观组患者在此基础上进行术前参观,熟悉环境,了解手术过程。调查比较两组患者术前2日及术前1小时的焦虑值。结果:参观组与对照组术前2日焦虑值无明显差异,术前1小时参观组焦虑值明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:通过术前参观能够减轻患者的焦虑程度。     

Effect of Trimetazidine in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Meta-Analysis

Optimizing the metabolism of the myocardium is a new strategy for patients with ischemic heart disease. Many studies have reported beneficial effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) on the clinical prognosis of patients with ischemic heart disease, but whether these beneficial effects are extended to patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains uncertain. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of TMZ on patients undergoing PCI. We conducted an electronic search of PubMed, Cochrane databases, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biological Medicine Database to identify randomized controlled trials. Methodological quality was assessed according to the Jadad scale score, and the meta-analysis was performed using Cochrane Collaboration RevMan 5.2 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. Dichotomous data were analyzed using relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) with effect size indicated by the 95% confidence interval (CI), and continuous variables were analyzed using weighted mean differences (WMD) with effect size indicated by the 95% CI. Sensitivity analysis was performed by changing the statistical methods and effect model. Nine studies involving a total of 778 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Additional use of TMZ significantly improved the left ventricular ejection fraction (WMD: 3.11, 95% CI: [2.26, 3.96]) and reduced elevated cardiac troponin Ic level (RR: 0.69, 95% CI: [0.48, 0.99]), angina attacks during PCI (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: [0.07, 0.38]), and ischemic ST-T changes on the echocardiogram during PCI (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: [0.59, 0.98]). However, no significant difference was observed in serum BNP level 30 days after PCI between the experimental and control group. Additional use of TMZ for patients undergoing PCI may reduce myocardial injury during the procedure and improve cardiac function.     

Impact of Coronary Dominance on In-Hospital Outcomes after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Objective

This study evaluated the manner in which coronary dominance affects in-hospital outcomes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

Previous studies have shown that left dominant coronary anatomies are associated with worse prognoses in patients with coronary artery disease.

Methods

Data were analyzed from 4873 ACS patients undergoing PCI between September 2008 and April 2013 at 14 hospitals participating in the Japanese Cardiovascular Database Registry. The patients were grouped based on diagnostic coronary angiograms performed prior to PCI; those with right- or co-dominant anatomy (RD group) and those with left-dominant anatomy (LD group).

Results

The average patient age was 67.6±11.8 years and both patient groups had similar ages, coronary risk factors, comorbidities, and prior histories. The numbers of patients presenting with symptoms of heart failure, cardiogenic shock, or cardiopulmonary arrest were significantly higher in the LD group than in the RD group (heart failure: 650 RD patients [14.7%] vs. 87 LD patients [18.8%], P = 0.025; cardiogenic shock: 322 RD patients [7.3%] vs. 48 LD patients [10.3%], P = 0.021; and cardiopulmonary arrest: 197 RD patients [4.5%] vs. 36 LD patients [7.8%], P = 0.003). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher among LD patients than among RD patients (182 RD patients [4.1%] vs. 36 LD patients [7.8%], P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that LD anatomy was an independent predictor for in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–2.89; P = 0.030).

Conclusion

Among ACS patients who underwent PCI, LD patients had significantly worse in-hospital outcomes compared with RD patients, and LD anatomy was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality.     

医患通平台在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者中的应用

目的：探讨医患通平台对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后患者进行护理的临床效应。方法：选取54例冠心痛行PCI治疗术后患者,随机分为对照组和试验组,各27例。对照组采用常规护理,试验组在对照组的基础上采用医患通平台进行护理干预,比较两组患者血压、血脂、血糖的控制情况,主要不良心脏事件（MACE）的发生情况,并采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）及汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）对两组患者进行心理状况调查。结果：实施干预后,试验组血压、血脂、血糖的控制率优于对照组（P〈0．05）,MACE的发生率低于对照组（P〈0．05）;两组患者两组干预前HAMA、HAMD评分比较无明显差异（P〉0．05）,干预后试验组患者HAMA评分、HAMD评分有所下降,与干预前及对照组比较差异显著（P〈O．01）,对照组干预前后无变化（P〉0．05）。结论：医患通平台能有效地让PCI术后患者对危险因素进行控制,降低MACE的发生,改善患者的负性情绪,是较好的健康教育方式．