复合式悬液芯片系统在病原学检测中的临床应用

复合式悬液芯片系统（multiplex suspension array system,MSAS）由悬浮芯片和微流体芯片组成,具有高通量精确定量的特点,而且具有较高的准确性和重复性,在多种蛋白质分子的同时精确定量和大规模样品检测方面有着很大的应用优势,其应用领域覆盖感染性疾病的快速诊断、细胞因子、信号通路、肿瘤标志物、流行病学病原体的筛查、蛋白质的相互作用、单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的研究等。就MSAS在病原学检测中的应用作一简要综述。     

基于悬液芯片系统的新城疫病毒强、弱毒高通量检测方法的建立

目的:利用悬液芯片系统建立一种高通量检测新城疫病毒强、弱毒的方法并将该方法的灵敏度与传统的酶联免疫反应(ELISA)进行比较.方法:将F48E9和LaSota单克隆抗体通过共价偶联的方式连接到聚苯乙烯微球的表面构成捕获抗体,利用捕获抗体、检测物、生物素化的多抗及链霉亲和素化的藻红蛋白建立双抗夹心的免疫检测模式.检测物作为抗原与捕获抗体结合后与生物素化的新城疫多抗进行反应,反应完成后,用链霉亲和素标记的荧光探针对反应产物进行标记得到悬液芯片系统的检测物.结果:微球包被实验结果表明,包被100 μL微球所需F48E9和LaSota单克隆抗体的最佳量分别是14.85 μg和17.65 μg;新城疫病毒多抗的最佳稀释倍数为400倍;悬液芯片检测方法检测NDV强毒的灵敏度为1∶160,弱毒的灵敏度为1∶320;抗体特异性实验表明,该方法所使用的两种捕获抗体的体异性良好.该方法与传统的ELISA在相同灵敏度的前提下,其在检测时间、检测步骤及高通量方面优于ELISA.结论:基于悬液芯片系统的新城疫强、弱毒高通量检测方法的建立对于该病毒的快速诊断具有重要的意义.     

利用悬液芯片系统建立一种高通量检测牛奶中头孢氨苄和莱克多巴胺残留的方法

目的:旨在应用基于荧光编码微球技术的悬液芯片系统建立一种方便、稳定性好及高通量的检测牛奶中头孢氨苄和莱克多巴胺残留的免疫检测方法。方法:利用碳二亚胺法将抗生素合成抗原与表面具有羧基的聚苯乙烯微球通过酰胺键偶联成捕获抗原。利用捕获抗原、抗生素的单克隆抗体及抗生素标准品构建竞争性免疫检测体系。荧光标记的羊抗小鼠的IgG作为荧光探针标记与捕获抗原结合的单克隆抗体得到悬液芯片系统的检测物。悬液芯片系统的检测器由两束特殊的激光构成,能够检测荧光探针荧光强度的同时分辨不同型号的微球以实现高通量检测的目的。结果:通过对头孢氨苄和莱克多巴胺合成抗原包被微球的条件进行优化得到包被100μl的微球所需两者合成抗原的量分别是8.4μg 和 87.73μg;实验结果表明抗生素的单克隆抗体特异性良好;在牛奶中,该方法对头孢氨苄和莱克多巴胺的检测限(LOD)分别是20.59 ng/ml 和23.51 ng/ml, 标准添加回收率在70%~110%之间。     

细菌基因转录谱的DNA微点阵芯片分析

基于DNA微点阵芯片技术的细菌基因转录谱研究是基因功能分析的重要手段之一。本文阐述了细菌DNA芯片基因转录谱分析的基本问题,包括mRNA和双色荧光实验设计,详细介绍了目前细菌体内外DNA芯片基因转录谱的具体应用情况,并说明了体内外基因转录谱研究的优劣和互补。     

太原地区乙肝患者HBV基因分型与细胞免疫功能研究

了解太原地区乙肝病毒基因型分布情况,研究不同基因型乙肝病毒致病性与细胞免疫功能关系。选择慢性乙肝、乙肝肝硬化及乙肝病毒相关肝癌等乙肝病毒感染患者,采用PCR技术检测患者血清HBV-DNA和HBV基因型,用流式细胞仪直接免疫荧光法(FCM)检测患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群百分率,分析不同病毒基因型与乙肝病程关系以及不同基因型病毒感染患者细胞免疫功能状态。检测136例乙肝病毒感染患者,其中B基因型感染38例,占总数27.9%;C基因型感染93例,占总数70.6%;B/C混合型感染3例,占总数2.2%;D基因型感染2例,占总数1.5%。B型与C型乙肝病毒感染患者的HBsAg水平无区别,B型患者血清HBeAg(+)%高于C型乙肝病毒感染者,慢性无症状乙肝携带者、慢性乙肝、乙肝肝硬化和乙肝病毒相关的原发性肝细胞癌各组中乙肝病毒基因型的分布无差异,但乙肝肝硬化患者与慢性无症状乙肝携带者、慢性乙肝患者的基因型有差异(P<0.01),C基因型感染者HBV-DNA水平、HBeAg阳性率、CD4+细胞和CD4+/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值低于B基因型感染者。太原地区临床乙肝病毒感染患者以C基因型为主,C基因型感染者比B基因型的肝脏功能损害严重,可能与细胞免疫功能降低HBV-DNA水平和HBeAg阳性率高有关。     

微囊藻毒素-LR的定量荧光纳米微球免疫层析检测北大核心CSCD

研制了一种快速、定量荧光免疫层析试纸条,用于检测水体中MC-LR含量。基于竞争法原理,采用荧光免疫层析技术,建立MC-LR免疫层析法,并对该试剂考察其灵敏度、准确度、特异性、稳定性等指标。经过对免疫层析试纸条制备参数的优化,即检测线抗原浓度、微球标记量和结合垫微球浓度的选择,加样15 min后,获得了MC-LR荧光免疫层析法的工作直线,方法灵敏度0.195μg/L,回收率99.4%,变异系数小于10%,与MC-LF交叉反应率低,与市售试剂盒检测结果一致,试剂在37℃稳定保存6 d。本研究研制的荧光免疫层析试剂灵敏、稳定、准确,可快速、定量检测水样中MC-LR含量,操作便捷。     

寡核苷酸芯片法、实时PCR 和测序法进行乙肝病毒 基因分型的比较

目的:比较寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR和测序法在对慢性乙肝患者病毒基因分型的比较和方法学评价。方法:对126例不同基因型的慢性乙肝患者的血清样本分别用寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR法和测序法进行基因分型,并评价各种方法的临床表现、所需时间和检测成本。结果:寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR分别能检测到1%和0.1%比例的基因型。在126例慢性乙肝患者的临床样本中,寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR和测序法分别检测出41(33%)、41(33%)和45(36%)例为B型,76(60%)、76(60%)、81(64%)例为C型。寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR均检出9例B、C混合基因型。在三种检测方法中实时荧光PCR是最快速和廉价的。结论:寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR能检出B、C混合基因型,而测序法只能检测出样本的主导基因型。     

荧光聚苯乙烯微球对蝌蚪应激水平和免疫功能的影响

为探究纳米塑料对黑斑侧褶蛙(Pelophylax nigromaculatus)37期蝌蚪健康状态的影响,将其暴露于50 nm粒径低、中和高浓度荧光聚苯乙烯微球溶液(fluorescent polystyrene microsphere solution, FPM_S)7 d(7 d时),之后分别移至清水中饲养7 d(14 d时)或14 d(21 d时),以清水组为对照组,测定了每一取样时间点不同浓度组、同一浓度组不同取样时间点的体重与体全长的比值(重长比)、嗜中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(N/L)和对植物血凝素(phytohemagglutinin, PHA-P)的反应差异。结果表明：重长比只在14 d时清水组显著低于其他浓度组;N/L只在21 d时清水组低于其他浓度组,低、中和高浓度组都从7 d时至21 d时显著增加;7 d时各浓度组蝌蚪对PHA-P的最大反应值出现于注射后3 h或4 h, 14 d时前移至2 h或3 h, 21 d时又恢复至3 h或4 h,只有21 d时高浓度组高于低浓度组和中浓度组;FPMs暴露和初次清除对黑斑侧褶蛙蝌蚪的生长发育有明显的促进作...     

宫颈癌组织人乳头瘤病毒的荧光偏振基因分型

采用荧光偏振人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)分型新方法探讨了8种常见型别HPV在陕西宫颈癌患者中的流行情况。首先,用HPV GP5 ／GP6 通用引物PCR扩增65例早期宫颈癌(Ⅱa期内)和72例慢性宫颈炎病变组织DNA粗提物,继之将模板指导的末端延伸反应与荧光偏振检测技术结合(TDI-FP),用GP5 ／GP6 扩增区内的HPV6、11、16、18、31、33、35和58型特异性探针与PCR产物杂交后,荧光素标记的特异碱基(TAMRA-ddTTP或R110-ddGTP)在GP5 ／GP6 产物中相应的模板指导下,掺入延伸至相应探针末端,致使对应的TAMRA或R110 FP值升高,从而对扩增的HPV阳性产物进行HPV分型。65例宫颈癌患者中检出HPV57例,阳性率87．69％,72例慢性宫颈炎患者中检出HPV28例,阳性率38．89％,两组间HPV阳性率有显著性差异。宫颈癌与慢性宫颈炎患者中4种最常见的HPV型别分别是HPV 16(45．6％)、HPV 18(22．8％)、HPV 58(17．5％)、HPV 31(7．02％)和HPV 16(35．7％)、HPV 11(32．1％)、HPV 6(21．4％)、HPV 18(10．7％)。慢性宫颈炎患者中检出的HPV型别57．14％属高危型。HPV 16在两组中均最为多见。中国陕西宫颈疾病患者中HPV感染有其特点,世界范围内少见的HPV 58在陕西宫颈癌与慢性宫颈炎患者中均较为多见,在进行HPV新诊断方法及疫苗研制时应考虑到这种特点。     

一种新型的基因传递系统:PLGA微球

乳酸聚乙醇酸是一类可生物降解的高分子聚合材料,通过其自身降解来调节药物释放．具有良好的生物相容性。包裹或吸附药物而制成的微球多用于药物的缓释给药系统,近几年来将这一系统应用于包裹基因。该文介绍乳酸聚乙醇酸基因微球的制备方法、主动脱逸特性等。     

反向斑点杂交法快速检测HBV基因型反应条件的优化和建立*

利用反向斑点杂交技术,设计出特异性基因分型探针,并将探针固定在带正电荷的尼龙膜上,与PCR扩增带有地高辛标记的临床血清样本进行杂交。通过优化杂交反应条件,建立起简单、快速、特异地检测HBV基因型的方法。利用该方法对重庆地区临床样本进行分型检测,并与直接测序结果比较。结果表明新建的HBV基因分型方法可对拷贝数在103以上的血清样本准确分型,特异性达到96.67%。重庆地区感染HBV主要以B型为主。     

Multiplex Detection of Plant Pathogens Using a Microsphere Immunoassay Technology

Plant pathogens are a serious problem for seed export, plant disease control and plant quarantine. Rapid and accurate screening tests are urgently required to protect and prevent plant diseases spreading worldwide. A novel multiplex detection method was developed based on microsphere immunoassays to simultaneously detect four important plant pathogens: a fruit blotch bacterium Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac), chilli vein-banding mottle virus (CVbMV, potyvirus), watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV, tospovirus serogroup IV) and melon yellow spot virus (MYSV, tospovirus). An antibody for each plant pathogen was linked on a fluorescence-coded magnetic microsphere set which was used to capture corresponding pathogen. The presence of pathogens was detected by R-phycoerythrin (RPE)-labeled antibodies specific to the pathogens. The assay conditions were optimized by identifying appropriate antibody pairs, blocking buffer, concentration of RPE-labeled antibodies and assay time. Once conditions were optimized, the assay was able to detect all four plant pathogens precisely and accurately with substantially higher sensitivity than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) when spiked in buffer and in healthy watermelon leaf extract. The assay time of the microsphere immunoassay (1 hour) was much shorter than that of ELISA (4 hours). This system was also shown to be capable of detecting the pathogens in naturally infected plant samples and is a major advancement in plant pathogen detection.     

Development of a Multiplexed Bead-Based Suspension Array for the Detection and Discrimination of Pospiviroid Plant Pathogens

Efficient and reliable diagnostic tools for the routine indexing and certification of clean propagating material are essential for the management of pospiviroid diseases in horticultural crops. This study describes the development of a true multiplexed diagnostic method for the detection and identification of all nine currently recognized pospiviroid species in one assay using Luminex bead-based suspension array technology. In addition, a new data-driven, statistical method is presented for establishing thresholds for positivity for individual assays within multiplexed arrays. When applied to the multiplexed array data generated in this study, the new method was shown to have better control of false positives and false negative results than two other commonly used approaches for setting thresholds. The 11-plex Luminex MagPlex-TAG pospiviroid array described here has a unique hierarchical assay design, incorporating a near-universal assay in addition to nine species-specific assays, and a co-amplified plant internal control assay for quality assurance purposes. All assays of the multiplexed array were shown to be 100% specific, sensitive and reproducible. The multiplexed array described herein is robust, easy to use, displays unambiguous results and has strong potential for use in routine pospiviroid indexing to improve disease management strategies.     

寡核苷酸探针悬浮芯片在病原体检测中的应用

悬浮芯片与固体芯片、荧光定量PCR并列成为核酸序列鉴定中的重要的分子生物学工具,并在病原菌检测方面显示出不同的应用领域.悬浮芯片能同时检测多种病原菌,具有处理多样本能力、使用灵活、低成本等特点,适合对未知样本检测及环境监控.能够在生物安全、公共卫生、工农业生产中发挥重要作用;而固体芯片能耦联成千上百个探针,但由于在多样本处理、成本方面欠缺,因此适合于对重要的未知病原体的鉴定;荧光定量PCR具较好特异性、灵敏度,以及多样本处理能力,但在高通量方面欠缺.适合有目的地检测已知病原体.目前已建立三种基于悬浮芯片的检测方法:多重PCR扩增、通用引物扩增16S/23S rDNA、直接对实际样本杂交检测.多重PCR具较好特异性,但其多重能力还难以满足悬浮芯片的高通量的需要;通用引物具较好灵敏度及扩增多靶分子能力,但也存在交叉反应等缺陷.同时,采用PCR扩增方法,悬浮芯片检测的是PCR产物,不能客观反应实际样本中存在病原菌数量及是否具生命力.直接杂交环境样本尽管避免了PCR的缺陷,但在灵敏度方面非常欠缺.目前,在环境样本处理上,仍然缺乏有效的、高通量、自动化的方法,不能满足PCR与悬浮芯片多样本检测的需要.     

Simultaneous Detection of Fenitrothion and Chlorpyrifos-Methyl with a Photonic Suspension Array

A technique was developed for simultaneous detection of fenitrothion (FNT) and chlorpyrifos-methyl (CLT) using a photonic suspension array based on silica colloidal crystal beads (SCCBs). The SCCBs were encoded with the characteristic reflection peak originating from the stop-band of colloidal crystal. This approach avoids the bleaching, fading or potential interference seen when encoding by fluorescence. SCCBs with a nanopatterned surface had increased biomolecule binding capacity and improved stability. Under optimal conditions, the proposed suspension array allowed simultaneous detection of the selected pesticides in the ranges of 0.25 to 1024 ng/mL and 0.40 to 735.37 ng/mL, with the limits of detection (LODs) of 0.25 and 0.40 ng/mL, respectively. The suspension array was specific and had no significant cross-reactivity with other chemicals. The mean recoveries in tests in which samples were spiked with target standards were 82.35% to 109.90% with a standard deviation within 9.93% for CLT and 81.64% to 108.10% with a standard deviation within 8.82% for FNT. The proposed method shows a potentially powerful capability for fast quantitative analysis of pesticide residues.     

悬浮芯片在核酸和蛋白质检测中的应用

悬浮芯片是近年来兴起的一种新型检测技术,不同于固相基因芯片,它整合了高分子化学、分子生物学、免疫学、激光检测、微流体、高速数字信号处理、计算机分析等方面的先进技术,能够对少量样本进行高通量的定性、定量检测。主要综述了悬浮芯片技术的基本原理,并概要介绍了其在核酸和蛋白质检测中的应用。悬浮芯片技术在核酸和蛋白质检测中有着显著的优点,如高通量、操作简便、重复性好、灵敏度高、线性范围宽等,不但可以广泛应用于科学研究领域,而且还将逐渐普及于临床诊断实验室,具有广阔的应用前景。     

蜜蜂残翼病毒TaqMan-MGB探针荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

蜜蜂残翅病毒(Deform wing virus,DWV)已成为世界上最著名、分布最广、研究最为深入的昆虫病原.虽然DWV以前存在于蜜蜂种群中,但一种新的媒介一外寄生螨Varroa破坏体的到来和全球传播,极大地促进了 DWV的流行病学.为了建立快速、准确且能定量分析的蜜蜂残翅病毒,DWV检测方法,本研究参照GenBank中已登录的DWV高度保守的3C-RdRp基因区域,设计了 1对特异性引物和带有羧基荧光素(Fast Auxiliary Memory,FAM)与淬灭基团(Eclipse)标记的TaqMan探针,并对反应条件进行优化,建立了检测DWV的TaqMan-MGB探针荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法(TaqMan qRT-PCR),同时对该检测方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性进行了试验,并对临床样品进行检测.结果显示:该方法最佳上下游引物和探针浓度分别为12.5μmol/L和10μmol/L,最佳退火温度为59℃;敏感性试验中,对DWV质粒标准品检测下限为2.58×101拷贝/μL;本方法特异性较好,对蜜蜂常见病毒-蜜蜂慢性麻痹病毒(Chronic bee paralysis virus,CBPV)、蜜蜂急性麻痹病毒(Acute paralysis virus,ABPV)、黑蜂王台病毒(Black queen cell virus,BQCV)、囊状幼虫病毒(Sacbrood virus,SBV)、以色列急性麻痹病毒(Israeli acute paralysis virus,IAPV)和中蜂囊状幼虫病毒(Chinese sacbrood virus,CSBV)无交叉反应;且批内变异系数和批间变异系数均小于2％.利用该方法对49份临床疑似样本进行检测,其中DWV阳性样本为35份,检出率高于常规RT-PCR方法,且病毒载量大于1×107拷贝/只样本数共24份,表明辽宁和河北部分地区感染DWV蜂群中病毒载量较高,流行情况比较严重.因此,本研究建立的TaqMan探针荧光定量RT-PCR方法具有灵敏度高、特异性强、重复性好等特点,能够用于DWV病原监测、流行病学调查和病毒定量分析等相关研究.     

Detection of miRNA Targets in High-throughput Using the 3'LIFE Assay

Luminescent Identification of Functional Elements in 3’UTRs (3’LIFE) allows the rapid identification of targets of specific miRNAs within an array of hundreds of queried 3’UTRs. Target identification is based on the dual-luciferase assay, which detects binding at the mRNA level by measuring translational output, giving a functional readout of miRNA targeting. 3’LIFE uses non-proprietary buffers and reagents, and publically available reporter libraries, making genome-wide screens feasible and cost-effective. 3’LIFE can be performed either in a standard lab setting or scaled up using liquid handling robots and other high-throughput instrumentation. We illustrate the approach using a dataset of human 3’UTRs cloned in 96-well plates, and two test miRNAs, let-7c and miR-10b. We demonstrate how to perform DNA preparation, transfection, cell culture and luciferase assays in 96-well format, and provide tools for data analysis. In conclusion 3''LIFE is highly reproducible, rapid, systematic, and identifies high confidence targets.     

The Sequencing Bead Array (SBA), a Next-Generation Digital Suspension Array

Here we describe the novel Sequencing Bead Array (SBA), a complete assay for molecular diagnostics and typing applications. SBA is a digital suspension array using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), to replace conventional optical readout platforms. The technology allows for reducing the number of instruments required in a laboratory setting, where the same NGS instrument could be employed from whole-genome and targeted sequencing to SBA broad-range biomarker detection and genotyping. As proof-of-concept, a model assay was designed that could distinguish ten Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes associated with cervical cancer progression. SBA was used to genotype 20 cervical tumor samples and, when compared with amplicon pyrosequencing, was able to detect two additional co-infections due to increased sensitivity. We also introduce in-house software Sphix, enabling easy accessibility and interpretation of results. The technology offers a multi-parallel, rapid, robust, and scalable system that is readily adaptable for a multitude of microarray diagnostic and typing applications, e.g. genetic signatures, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), structural variations, and immunoassays. SBA has the potential to dramatically change the way we perform probe-based applications, and allow for a smooth transition towards the technology offered by genomic sequencing.