胃食管反流病的治疗进展

胃食管反流病(gastroesophaeal reflux disease,GERD)是医疗实践中的最常见的疾病之一,其发病率在世界范围内呈逐年上升趋势,且随年龄增长而增加,40-60岁为高发年龄[1]。GERD是一种由胃、十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起不适症状和(或)并发症的疾病,GERD在临床上大致可分为:糜烂性食管炎(EE)(反流性食管炎(RE))和非糜烂性食管炎(NERD)。其中NERD最多见,约占60%。GERD远期危害较小,但其病情漫长且极易复发,严重影响了生活质量。主要表现为食管症状(包括典型的烧心和反流)和食管外症状(包括咽部异物感、咳嗽、声嘶、哮喘、咽喉炎等表现),还有增加发展为Barrett食管及食管癌的危险[2,3]。GERD的治疗目的是愈合食管炎,快速缓解症状、减少复发、提高生活质量,治疗方法主要包括以下4个方面:一般治疗,药物治疗,内镜下治疗和外科治疗。近年来已成为国内外研究的热点,本文就近年来对GERD的治疗进展做一综述。     

兰索拉唑治疗胃食管反流病的临床疗效及食管功能变化观察

目的:探讨兰索拉唑治疗胃食管反流病的临床疗效,并观察食管功能变化.方法:回顾性分析我院2009年10月-2012年5月收治的GERD患者500人,根据治疗方法不同分为分为兰索拉唑组和法莫替丁组,比较两组的治疗效果;并采用超声内镜测定食管运动功能的在服药前后的变化.结果:兰索拉唑组有效率为89.2％,法莫替丁组有效率为78.4％,二者进行比较,X2=16.850,P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义.兰索拉唑组与法莫替丁组治疗Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级胃食管反流病效果比较,P均＜0.05,差异有统计学意义(X2=3.943,X2=5.223,X2=4.028,X2=3.988).兰索拉唑组顶端收缩指数、收缩周期、顶端被动扩张管腔的最大截面积与法莫替丁组比较,P均＜0.05,差异有统计学意义(t=4.271,t=3.982,t=4.028).兰索拉唑组的不良反应发生率为4.8％,法莫替丁组不良反应发生率为13.6％,两组不良反应发生率比较,X2=11.588,P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义.结论:兰索拉唑治疗胃食管反流病效果良好,不良反应发生率低,安全性高,适应临床应用.     

胃食管反流病患者餐后近端胃内酸分布及与食管酸暴露的关系

目的:探讨餐后胃食管反流病(GERD)病人近端胃内酸度的分布状态及其和食管酸暴露的相关性。方法:抽选我院12例GERD患者,应用3级锑电极对定位于LES上缘近侧5 cm(食管)和LES上缘远侧5 cm的贲门下(近端胃内)、LES上缘远侧10cm的近端胃远侧(近端胃内)进行pH监测,监测时间为空腹1 h和餐后4 h,同期抽选健康志愿者12例为对照组,计算两组患者食管酸暴露以及胃内整合酸度(IA)。结果:两组空腹时近端胃内IA和食管酸暴露比较无显著性差异(P0.05);对照组中,试检者餐后1、2、3、4 h贲门下IA均显著低于近端胃远侧部位(P0.05),但GERD组中IA部位差异不明显(P0.05);餐后2 h,两组近端胃内IA均有所回升,但是对照组未超过基线(P0.05),而GERD组明显高于基线水平(P0.05);两组食管酸暴露均主要在餐后2h发生,并且两组比较差异显著(P0.05);在餐后各时段,两组中食管酸暴露与IA均无显著相关性。结论:GERD餐后晚期近端胃酸分泌增高,扩大了酸性近端胃池,可部分解释GERD进食后食管过度酸暴露。     

吐鲁番市胃食管反流病发生相关危险因素分析（附280例报道）

目的：探讨280例胃食管反流病（GERD）的分布特点及危险因素。方法：对临床诊断和胃镜确诊的280例GERD患者进行临床和风险因子相关性分析。结果：不论汉族还是维族,男性患者比例均明显高于女性;汉族患者高发年龄段早于维族患者（z=-2．939,P=0．003,）;汉族和维族患者占反流性食管炎和Barrett食管比例分别为42．4％、81_3％及56．5％、18．8％,其中汉族患者Barrett食管比例较高（X2=14．358,P=0．000）;肥胖、习惯性便秘、重体力活动者、饮食习惯不良在维族患者中的比例较高（P〈0．001）。结论：GERD与性别、年龄密切相关,男性多于女性,汉族患者发病年龄高峰旱于维族患者;汉族患者Barrett食管发生比例高于维族患者;肥胖、习惯性便秘、重体力活动、饮食习惯不良可能是GERD尤其是维族人群GERD的危险因素。     

胃食管反流性咳嗽的临床诊断分析

目的:探讨胃食管反流(GER)性咳嗽的临床特征、诊断和治疗.方法:对33例X线胸片、组胺激发试验、鼻部检查正常的慢性咳嗽患者进行24 h食管pH监测,并利用症状相关性概率(SAP)来分析咳嗽与反流的相关性.对Demeester总积分≥14.72,和(或)咳嗽与反流SAP≥75%者进行为期12周的抗反流治疗.结果:33例患者中,有23例诊断为GER性咳嗽,并给予抗反流治疗,完成疗程后,有12例患者咳嗽完全消失,咳嗽与反流的SAP(上电极为0.80±0.18,下电极为0.87±0.11)显著高于另11例对抗反流治疗反应较差或无效的患者(上电极为0.39±0.27,下电极为0.48±0.31;P＜0.05).结论:GER是不明原因慢性咳嗽的一个重要的独立原因.24 h食管pH监测结合症状相关性分析有助于GER性咳嗽的诊断,抗反流治疗对其有较好的近期疗效.     

以胸痛为主要表现的胃食管反流病36例临床分析

目的：探讨以胸痛为主要表现的胃食管反流病的病因、临床特点及诊治方法。方法：选择本院近年来诊治的36例已排除心源性及食管器质性病变,诊断为胃食管反流病的胸痛患者,予以埃索美拉唑20mg,每日两次;吗叮林10mg,每日三次治疗8周,观察其疗效并分别于2周,4周,8周记录症状缓解情况。结果：经抗反流治疗8周后,30例（83.33%）胸痛完全消失,4例（11.11%）明显缓解,2例（5.56%）无效,总有效率达94.44%。胸痛症状在治疗2周后积分下降不明显,而治疗4周,8周后显著改善,与治疗前比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论：胃食管反流病病因复杂、临床表现多样易误诊漏诊,胃镜检查结合24小时食管动态ph监测,必要时给予质子泵抑制剂试验性治疗可提高本病的确诊率。     

奥美拉唑联合多潘立酮治疗小儿胃食管反流病的疗效观察

目的:探究奥美拉唑联合多潘立酮治疗小儿胃食管反流病的临床疗效。方法:选择2012年10月~2015年12月期间内因胃食管反流病入院接受治疗的患儿80例,所有患儿均采用奥美拉唑和多潘立酮联合治疗。在治疗前和治疗后8周内,观察患者的临床治疗效果、24 h食管下段p H值监测、电子胃镜检查和内镜下黏膜活检。结果:研究对象用药前后呕吐、恶心、反酸、上腹痛、烧心、胸骨后痛、咳嗽、气喘等八项临床症状得到了明显的改善,甚至消失,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);患儿治疗后的反流次数、反流时间≥5 min的次数、最长反流时间、总PH4时间占总时间的百分比以及综合评分均较治疗前明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=33.385、40.862、47.710、21.806、53.508,P0.05);与治疗前对比,研究对象治疗后有1例存在重度反流性食管炎未能恢复,28例存在不同程度改善,43例完全恢复,差异有统计学意义(Z=37.775,P0.05);不良反应出现5例(3例轻微腹泻、2例轻微腹痛),发生率为6.25%。结论:奥美拉唑联合多潘立酮治疗小儿胃食管反流病的临床效果较为显著,能够明显改善小儿胃食管反流症状,安全性较高,值得在临床上进一步推广使用。     

终末期肾病患者合并胃食管反流病的临床研究进展

胃食管反流病(GERD)是最常见的食管疾病之一。多项研究表明,终末期肾病(ERSD)患者GERD的患病率高于普通人群。目前对于ERSD患者特别是血液透析患者GERD的症状特点及严重程度的研究较少。ESRD患者常并发或伴发糖尿病、高血压等,而糖尿病神经病变可影响胃排空功能,钙拮抗剂和硝酸酯类药物可影响LES舒张功能。透析相关淀粉样变通过影响食管蠕动、食管下段括约肌张力和胃排空影响GERD的发生。ERSD患者中,相当比例的患者全身状况不佳,行胃镜风险较高,常常应用标准化量表或质子泵抑制剂诊断试验评估患者症状性GERD患病情况。ESRD及透析患者GERD的知晓率仍较低,部分患者自行服用碳酸氢钠等非一线药物控制症状。理论上对于ESRD及透析患者伴随的GERD进行早期诊断和治疗可能提高患者生活质量,并减少水钠摄入,改善血压及透析间期体重增加,降低心血管事件风险,具体的临床获益仍有待进一步研究证实。     

胃食管反流病中安慰剂反应率的相关研究

目的：对胃食管反流病（GERD）随机对照试验中的安慰剂反应率进行Meta分析并研究影响该反应率的因素。方法：检索EMBASE,CochraneControlledTrialRegister和Medline数据库中公开发表的关于双盲、随机、安慰荆对照治疗GERD的英文文献,所有文献均包括质子泵抑制剂／H2受体阻滞剂,治疗时间至少为2周。对文献试验数据进行Meta分析,绘制森林图,同时绘制漏斗图检查发表偏倚。结果：纳入24个研究,共包括8917名患者。有效治疗的反应率与安慰剂反应率相比的OR为3．70（95％CI：2．77～4．95）。所有的安慰剂反应率为18．84％（2．93％-47．05％）。运用质子泵抑制剂治疗的患者与H：受体阻滞剂治疗者相比,安慰剂反应率明显降低（14．50％vs．24．68％,P=0．05）。糜烂性食管炎患者的安慰剂反应率与非糜烂性食管炎者相比略低,两者差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：在GERD随机对照试验中,安慰剂反应率确实存在。该反应率降低与质子泵抑制剂的运用相关,而与腐蚀性食管炎的存在与否无关。     

胃食管反流病与胃肠道微生态关系的研究进展

胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD)是由多种原因引起的功能性胃肠疾病, 发病率逐年上升, 目前其发病机制尚不完全清楚。GERD的典型症状是胃灼热和反流。研究发现GERD的发生发展与胃肠道微生态有密切的关系。胃肠道中有着人体内最复杂的微生态系统, 其微生态平衡是维持人体健康的关键因素。而胃肠道微生态失衡导致食管抗反流结构和功能受损、食管清除作用降低、食管黏膜抵御能力下降, 最终通过精神心理疾病、肥胖和糖尿病等引发或加重GERD。本文综述了GERD与胃肠道微生态的直接关系, 探讨GERD的危险因素与肠道菌群的关系, 并对GERD的微生态治疗进行了阐述。

     

Impacts of Endoscopic Gastroesophageal Flap Valve Grading on Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Background

Gastroesophageal flap valve (GEFV) endoscopic grading is reported to be associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in adults; however its role in pediatric groups remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the significance of GEFV grading and the associations to multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring (MII-pH) in children with GERD.

Methods

A total of 48 children with GERD symptoms who received esophagogastroduodenoscopy and MII-pH monitoring were enrolled. The degree of GEFV was graded from I to IV according to the Hill classification, and classified into two groups: normal GEFV (Hill grades I and II), and abnormal GEFV (Hill grades III and VI). Endoscopic findings and MII-pH monitoring were analyzed among the groups.

Results

Thirty-six patients had normal GEFV while 12 had abnormal GEFV. The presence of erosive esophagitis was significantly more common in the patients with abnormal GEFV (p = 0.037, OR 9.84, 95% CI 1.15–84.42). Pathological acidic gastroesophageal reflux (GER) determined by MII-pH was more prevalent in the patients with loosened GEFV geometry (p = 0.01, OR 7.0, 95% CI 1.67–27.38). There were significant positive correlations between GEFV Hill grading I to IV and the severity of erosive esophagitis (r = 0.49, p<0.001), percentage of supine acid reflux (r = 0.37, p = 0.009), percentage of total acid reflux (r = 0.3284, p = 0.023), and DeMeester score (r = 0.36, p = 0.01) detected by pH monitoring. In the impedance study, GEFV Hill grading also positively correlated to median number of acid reflux events (r = 0.3015, p = 0.037).

Conclusions

GEFV dysfunction highly associated with acid GER and severe erosive esophagitis. An abnormal GEFV is a sign of acid GER in children.     

胃食管反流病患者自我管理行为依从性及其影响因素调查

目的：调查分析胃食管反流病患者自我管理行为依从性情况及其影响因素。方法：选取2010年2月-2012年6月来我院就诊治疗的胃食管反流患者150例,利用自我行为管理量表、自我效能量表、焦虑自评量表（SAs）及抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行调查,并采用单因素分析及多因素分析法分析其影响因素。结果：所有150例患者的自我行为管理平均得分为37．12＋4．95分,处于中下游水平,其中治疗依从性较好而疾病知识认知方面较差;而从单因素及多因素分析中得知,胃食管反流病患者自我行为依从性的影响因素主要为自我效能、工作学习压力及文化程度（偏回顾系数=0．301、-2．264、1．403）。结论：胃食管返流病患者的自我管理行为依从性较差,这与其文化程度较低、工作学习压力较大有关,医务人员应指导患者减轻工作学习压力,改善生活方式以提高其自我管理行为依从性。     

Current Advancement on the Dynamic Mechanism of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common clinical disease associated with upper gastrointestinal motility disorders. Recently, with improvements in living standards and changes in lifestyle and dietary habits, the incidence of GERD has been increasing yearly. However, the mechanism of GERD has not been fully elucidated due to its complex pathogenesis, and this had led to unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Currently, the occurrence and development of GERD involve multiple factors. Its pathogenesis is mainly thought to be related to factors, such as lower esophageal sphincter pressure, transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, crural diaphragmatic dysfunction, hiatus hernia, and impaired esophageal clearance. Therefore, explaining the pathogenesis of GERD more clearly and systematically, exploring potential and effective therapeutic targets, and choosing the best treatment methods have gradually become the focus of scholars'' attention. Herein, we reviewed current advancements in the dynamic mechanism of GERD to better counsel patients on possible treatment options.     

Decreased Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Background.   An increased incidence of reflux esophagitis has been reported after eradication of H. pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer. To determine if H. pylori is associated with lower rates of esophagitis, we studied the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with and without reflux esophagitis and a subgroup of patients with concomitant peptic ulcer disease.
Methods.   Patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and had diagnostic testing for H. pylori over a 30-month period were studied. H. pylori infection was determined by rapid urease testing, gastric histopathology, or serology. Reflux esophagitis was determined by endoscopic and/or histologic criteria.
Results.   Of 514 patients, 39.5% had H. pylori infection and 22.2% had reflux esophagitis. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with reflux esophagitis was 30.7%, compared with 42.0% in patients without esophagitis ( p = 0.039). The odds ratio for esophagitis risk with H. pylori infection was 0.61 (95% CI, 0.39–0.95). Neither patient age nor gender affected H. pylori prevalence. In patients with duodenal ulcer, H. pylori was present in 36.4% of patients with esophagitis and in 69.2% of patients without esophagitis ( p = 0.018). The odds ratio for esophagitis with H. pylori infection in these patients was 0.25 (95% CI, 0.09–0.73).
Conclusions.   Our study demonstrates that H. pylori infection is significantly less prevalent in patients with reflux esophagitis and may protect against its development. In duodenal ulcer patients, this effect was more dramatic. Further study is required to confirm these findings and elucidate mechanisms underlying possible beneficial effects of H. pylori.     

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Objectives

Precise mechanisms of atrial fibrillation (AF) are uncertain, but their association with esophageal disorders has been recently proposed. The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the most common gastroesophageal disorder, and AF remains undetermined. We therefore aimed to investigate the association between GERD and later development of AF.

Methods and Results

Patients with GERD were identified from the 1,000,000-person cohort dataset sampled from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database. The study cohort comprised 29,688 newly diagnosed adult GERD patients; 29,597 randomly selected age-, gender-, comobidity-matched subjects comprised the comparison cohort. Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed as a means of comparing the AF-free survival rate for the two cohorts. During a maximum three years of follow-up, a total of 351 patients experienced AF, including 184 (0.62%) patients in the GERD cohort and 167 (0.56%) in the control group. The log-rank test showed that patients with GERD had significantly higher incidence of AF than those without GERD (p = 0.024). After Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis, GERD was independently associated with the increased risk of AF (hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.61, p = 0.013).

Conclusion

GERD was independently associated with an increased risk of future AF in a nationwide population-based cohort.     

Complications of Gastroesophageal Reflux

An edited summary of an Interdepartmental Conference arranged by the Department of Medicine of the UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles. The Director of Conferences is William M. Pardridge, MD, Professor of Medicine.Several specialists have recently recognized that gastrointestinal reflux causes complications resulting in significant disease. It causes discomfort, indigestion, esophagitis, Barrett''s esophagus, and carcinoma of the esophagus. Pediatricians attribute many early pulmonary problems, and even some sudden deaths in infants, to the reflux of gastric contents. Otolaryngologists now recognize that many cases of nonbacterial, nonspecific pharyngitis and laryngitis are due to the reflux of gastrc acid secretions. Contact granuloma and cancer of the larynx may, in some instances, be secondary to nocturnal reflux. Thoracic surgeons and pulmonologists believe chronic tracheobronchitis and some cases of pulmonary disease are attributable to recurrent bathing of the respiratory epithelium by aspirated gastric contents. An awareness of the many complications of gastrointestinal reflux should lead to a multidisciplined attack on the factors responsible for these diseases.     

Helicobacter pylori and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Case–Control Study

Background:  Gastric colonization with Helicobacter pylori is a proposed protective factor against gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but little population-based data exist and other data conflict.
Methods:  We conducted a case–control study within the membership of a large integrated health-care system that compared GERD-free subjects with two groups: subjects with a physician-assigned GERD diagnosis and randomly selected members with self-described weekly GERD symptoms. Subjects completed interviews, GERD questionnaires, and antibody testing for H. pylori and its cagA protein.
Results:  Serologic data were available for 301 physician-assigned GERD patients, 81 general membership subjects with GERD symptoms, and 175 general membership subjects without GERD symptoms. Physician-assigned GERD patients were less likely to have H. pylori antibodies than GERD-free member controls (odds ratio (OR) = 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.47); there was also an inverse association between H. pylori and GERD symptom severity (OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.08–0.41; severe or very severe symptoms) and GERD frequency (OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.09–0.38; for symptoms at least weekly). The association was stronger among persons with erosive GERD and was similar between H. pylori -positive subjects with and without cagA. There was no association among persons who were cagA positive, but H. pylori negative. Similar findings were found in analyses of the general membership with self-described GERD symptoms.
Conclusions:  H. pylori antibody status was inversely associated with a GERD diagnosis and GERD symptoms compared with a general membership population.